陆地棉与海岛棉铃形态特征与纤维及籽仁品质的关系

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.15.004

中国农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (15): 2980-2992.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.15.004

• 耕作栽培·生理生化·农业信息技术 • 上一篇下一篇

陆地棉与海岛棉铃形态特征与纤维及籽仁品质的关系

唐朝元¹(), 刘韬奋¹, 吴艳琴¹, 张启鹏¹, 李自良¹, 陈云瑞¹, 雷长英², 张亚黎¹, 张旺锋¹, 杜明伟³, 杨明凤⁴, 田景山¹^,^*()

¹ 石河子大学农学院/新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室，新疆石河子 832003
² 西北农林科技大学农学院，陕西杨凌 712100
³ 中国农业大学农学院/植物生长调节剂教育部工程研究中心，北京 100193
⁴ 石河子气象局乌兰乌苏农业气象试验站，新疆石河子 832003

收稿日期:2025-02-14 接受日期:2025-04-14 出版日期:2025-08-01 发布日期:2025-07-30
通信作者:
田景山，E-mail：tianjs@shzu.edu.cn
联系方式: 唐朝元，E-mail：20222012024@stu.shzu.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2023YFD2301205); 新疆兵团科技计划(2023AB080); 八师石河子市重点领域创新团队计划(2024TD02)

Relationship Between Boll Morphological Characteristics and Fiber and Kernel Quality of Gossypium hirsutum L. and Gossypium barbadense L.

TANG ChaoYuan¹(), LIU TaoFen¹, WU YanQin¹, ZHANG QiPeng¹, LI ZiLiang¹, CHEN YunRui¹, LEI ZhangYing², ZHANG YaLi¹, ZHANG WangFeng¹, DU MingWei³, YANG MingFeng⁴, TIAN JingShan¹^,^*()

¹ College of Agronomy, Shihezi University/Key Laboratory of Oasis Eco-Agriculture, The Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang
² College of Agronomy, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi
³ College of Agronomy and Biotechnology, China Agricultural University/Engineering Research Center of Plant Growth Regulator, Ministry of Education, Beijing 100193
⁴ Wulanwusu Agro-Meteorological Experimental Station of Shihezi Meteorological Bureau, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang

Received:2025-02-14 Accepted:2025-04-14 Published:2025-08-01 Online:2025-07-30

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】分析陆地棉与海岛棉铃形态特征、铃重、纤维与籽仁品质的差异性及其关系，以期为棉花新品种选育和高产优质栽培提供理论依据。【方法】试验于2022—2023年在新疆维吾尔自治区乌兰乌苏农业气象试验站进行，选择299份陆地棉和274份海岛棉种质资源，采用相关性、主成分和灰色关联度等统计方法，明确陆地棉与海岛棉铃形态特征差异对纤维及籽仁品质的影响。【结果】海岛棉铃长变化范围为3.79—6.20 cm，显著高于陆地棉，而陆地棉铃直径、铃表面积和铃体积均高于海岛棉，其中铃直径范围为2.81—4.27 cm，铃表面积和铃体积分别为21.86—37.42 cm²和14.76—33.58 cm³；陆地棉断裂比强度随铃直径的增加呈上升趋势，海岛棉纤维品质随着铃体积的增大而变优。海岛棉铃壳重为0.97 g，较陆地棉显著减少37.01%，陆地棉比壳重显著高于海岛棉，其变化范围为2.24—9.88 g·dm^-2；陆地棉纤维长度和断裂比强度与铃壳重和比壳重呈显著正相关关系；海岛棉纤维长度与铃壳重和比壳重呈显著负相关关系，断裂比强度与铃壳重呈显著正相关关系，陆地棉与海岛棉铃壳重和比壳重的增加均与铃重的上升呈显著正相关关系。陆地棉单铃纤维重和单铃棉籽重变化范围为0.85—3.69和1.85—6.16 g，较海岛棉分别增加了48.34%和37.97%。陆地棉纤维长度和断裂比强度与其单铃棉籽重呈显著正相关关系，海岛棉则与单铃纤维重呈显著负相关关系。海岛棉籽仁油脂含量为35.04%，较陆地棉显著高1.75%，陆地棉籽仁蛋白质含量为40.75%，较海岛棉显著高2.86%；纤维品质与籽仁蛋白质含量呈显著负相关关系，随籽仁蛋白质含量的增加，纤维长度和断裂比强度呈显著下降趋势。【结论】光合产物在纤维和籽仁的分配差异性是陆地棉和海岛棉纤维品质差异的主要原因，扩大棉铃库容能够协同提升陆地棉与海岛棉铃重与纤维品质。

关键词: 棉花, 棉铃, 形态特征, 纤维品质, 籽仁品质

Abstract:

【Objective】 The analysis of the differences and relationships of boll morphological characteristics, boll weight, fiber and kernel quality between G. hirsutum and G. barbadense were carried out in this study, so as to provide a theoretical basis for the breeding of new cotton varieties and the cultivation of high yield and quality. 【Method】 The experiment was carried out in Xinjiang Wulan Wusu Agricultural Meteorological Station from 2022 to 2023. 299 accessions of G. hirsutum and 274 accessions of G. barbadense were selected, and the effects of boll morphological characteristics on fiber and kernel quality of G. hirsutum and G. barbadense were determined by correlation, principal component analysis and grey correlation analysis. 【Result】 The boll length of G. barbadense varied from 3.79 to 6.20 cm, which was significantly higher than that of G. hirsutum, while the boll diameter, surface area and volume of G. hirsutum were higher than those of G. barbadense, and the boll diameter ranged from 2.81 to 4.27 cm, the surface area and volume were 21.86 to 37.42 cm² and 14.76 to 33.58 cm³, respectively; the strength of G. hirsutum increased with the increase of boll diameter, and the fiber quality of G. barbadense increased with the increase of boll volume. The bur weight of G. barbadense was 0.97 g, which was significantly lower than that of G. hirsutum by 37.01%. The bur mass per area of G. hirsutum was significantly higher than that of G. barbadense, and its variation range was 2.24 to 9.88 g·dm^-2. The upper half mean length and strength of G. hirsutum were significantly positively correlated with bur weight and bur mass per area; the upper half mean length of G. barbadense was significantly negatively correlated with bur weight and bur mass per area, and the strength was significantly positively correlated with bur weight. The increase of bur weight and bur mass per area were significantly positively correlated with the increase in boll weight. The fiber weight and seed weight of G. hirsutum ranged from 0.85 to 3.69 g and 1.85 to 6.16 g, which were 48.34% and 37.97% higher than those of G. barbadense, respectively. The upper half mean length and strength of G. hirsutum were significantly positively correlated with seed weight, while G. barbadense was significantly negatively correlated with fiber weight. The oil content of G. barbadense kernel was 35.04%, significantly higher than that of G. hirsutum by 1.75%, and the protein content of G. hirsutum kernel was 40.75%, significantly higher than that of G. barbadense by 2.86%. There was a significant negative correlation between fiber quality and kernel protein content. With the increase of protein content, the upper half mean length and strength decreased significantly. 【Conclusion】 Therefore, the difference in the distribution of photosynthetic products in fiber and kernel was the main reason for the difference in fiber quality between G. hirsutum and G. barbadense. Expanding the storage capacity of cotton boll could synergistically increase the boll weight and strength of G. hirsutum and G. barbadense.

Key words: cotton, boll morphological, characteristics, fiber quality, kernel quality

唐朝元, 刘韬奋, 吴艳琴, 张启鹏, 李自良, 陈云瑞, 雷长英, 张亚黎, 张旺锋, 杜明伟, 杨明凤, 田景山. 陆地棉与海岛棉铃形态特征与纤维及籽仁品质的关系[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(15): 2980-2992.

TANG ChaoYuan, LIU TaoFen, WU YanQin, ZHANG QiPeng, LI ZiLiang, CHEN YunRui, LEI ZhangYing, ZHANG YaLi, ZHANG WangFeng, DU MingWei, YANG MingFeng, TIAN JingShan. Relationship Between Boll Morphological Characteristics and Fiber and Kernel Quality of Gossypium hirsutum L. and Gossypium barbadense L.[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(15): 2980-2992.

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指标 Index	陆地棉 G. hirsutum		海岛棉 G. barbadense
指标 Index	I式果枝 Fruit branch I	II式果枝 Fruit branch II	零式果枝 Fruit branch 0	II式果枝 Fruit branch II
生育期 Growth period (d)	126—140	128—140	125—139	134—148
单铃重 Boll weight (g)	5.4—6.1	5.3—6.4	3.6—4.1	3.5—4.0
衣分 Lint percentage (%)	38.7—41.9	38.0—43.0	37.4—39.9	36.9—39.4
长度 Upper half mean length (mm)	28.2—30.2	28.1—30.8	34.6—38.1	34.4—37.3
断裂比强度 Strength (cN/tex)	29.5—31.7	29.5—32.1	35.0—41.5	34.2—37.2
马克隆值 Micronaire	4.1—4.4	4.0—4.6	3.8—4.4	3.9—4.4
材料个数 Number	55	244	140	134

指标 Index	平均值±标准差 Mean±standard deviation		变化范围 Variation range
指标 Index	陆地棉 G. hirsutum	海岛棉 G. barbadense	陆地棉 G. hirsutum	海岛棉 G. barbadense
铃长Boll length (cm)	4.75±0.39b	4.81±0.40a	3.80—5.98	3.79—6.20
铃直径Boll diameter (cm)	3.57±0.24a	2.91±0.21b	2.81—4.27	2.34—3.87
铃长宽比Aspect ratio (cm/cm)	1.33±0.11b	1.66±0.14a	1.08—1.67	1.17—2.15
铃表面积Boll surface area (cm²)	29.19±2.68a	25.04±2.17b	21.86—37.42	19.57—32.89
铃体积Boll volume (cm³)	23.62±3.24a	14.94±2.51b	14.76—33.58	8.62—23.99
单铃重Boll weight (g)	5.50±0.77a	3.88±0.46b	2.70—8.43	2.37—6.64
单铃纤维重Fiber weight (g)	2.24±0.39a	1.51±0.19b	0.85—3.69	1.04—2.94
单铃棉籽重Seed weight (g)	3.27±0.51a	2.37±0.30b	1.85—6.16	1.32—3.87
衣分Lint percentage (%)	40.62±4.20a	38.92±2.38b	21.77—49.58	26.75—54.03
铃壳重Bur weight (g)	1.54±0.26a	0.97±0.24b	0.76—2.75	0.50—2.74
比壳重Bur mass per area (g·dm^-2)	5.32±0.89a	3.90±0.95b	2.24—9.88	2.14—9.94
铃壳率Bur rate (%)	21.97±2.55a	19.91±3.26b	12.64—32.18	12.86—42.11

指标 Index	第1主成分 Component 1	第2主成分 Component 2	第3主成分 Component 3
铃长 Boll length	0.175	0.021	-0.005
铃直径 Boll diameter	0.283	-0.028	-0.017
铃长宽比 Aspect ratio	-0.058	0.042	0.009
铃表面积 Boll surface area	0.276	-0.021	-0.009
铃体积 Boll volume	0.276	-0.021	-0.009
单铃重 Boll weight	0.026	0.07	0.045
单铃纤维重 Fiber weight	-0.003	0.081	-0.001
单铃棉籽重 Seed weight	0.043	0.047	0.069
衣分 Lint percentage	-0.045	0.046	-0.068
铃壳重 Bur weight	0.042	-0.018	0.348
比壳重 Bur mass per area	-0.098	-0.003	0.350
铃壳率 Bur rate	0.022	-0.080	0.363
纤维长度 Upper half mean length	-0.035	0.395	-0.044
断裂比强度 Strength	-0.021	0.392	-0.031
马克隆值 Micronaire	-0.036	-0.249	0.034
油脂含量 Oil content	-0.008	-0.202	-0.047
蛋白质含量 Protein content	0.070	-0.079	0.076

指标 Index	第1主成分 Component 1	第2主成分 Component 2	第3主成分 Component 3
铃长 Boll length	0.204	-0.012	0.005
铃直径 Boll diameter	0.290	-0.003	0.023
铃长宽比 Aspect ratio	-0.051	-0.010	-0.014
铃表面积 Boll surface area	0.299	-0.022	0.023
铃体积 Boll volume	0.299	-0.022	0.023
单铃重 Boll weight	-0.021	0.361	-0.057
单铃纤维重 Fiber weight	0.014	0.309	-0.057
单铃棉籽重 Seed weight	-0.037	0.342	-0.049
衣分 Lint percentage	0.063	-0.078	-0.002
铃壳重 Bur weight	0.043	0.021	0.335
比壳重 Bur mass per area	-0.049	0.024	0.311
铃壳率 Bur rate	0.061	-0.161	0.415
纤维长度 Upper half mean length	-0.023	0.010	0.047
断裂比强度 Strength	0.078	-0.159	0.125
马克隆值 Micronaire	0.040	0.003	-0.057
油脂含量 Oil content	-0.011	0.044	-0.089
蛋白质含量 Protein content	0.024	0.022	0.028

陆地棉与海岛棉铃形态特征与纤维及籽仁品质的关系

Relationship Between Boll Morphological Characteristics and Fiber and Kernel Quality of Gossypium hirsutum L. and Gossypium barbadense L.

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指标 Index	长度 Upper half mean length		断裂比强度 Strength		马克隆值 Micronaire
指标 Index	陆地棉 G. hirsutum	海岛棉 G. barbadense	陆地棉 G. hirsutum	海岛棉 G. barbadense	陆地棉 G. hirsutum	海岛棉 G. barbadense
铃长Boll length	ns	+	ns	ns	ns	ns
铃直径Boll diameter	ns	+	+	ns	ns	-
铃体积Boll volume	ns	+	ns	ns	ns	-
单铃纤维重Fiber weight	+	-	+	ns	+	+
单铃棉籽重Seed weight	+	ns	+	ns	ns	ns
衣分Lint percentage	+	-	ns	-	+	+
铃壳重Bur weight	+	-	+	+	ns	+
比壳重Bur mass per area	+	-	+	ns	ns	+
油脂含量Oil content	-	ns	-	ns	ns	+
蛋白质含量Protein content	-	-	-	-	+	+

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