观赏桃种质资源表型性状多样性评价

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.11.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探讨以质量性状和数量性状为依据对观赏桃种质资源多样性进行评价的可行性,为观赏桃种质资源评价和新品种选育提供参考。【方法】采集38份观赏桃种质的10个质量性状（花型、花瓣类型、花瓣颜色、雌雄蕊高度比、花粉育性、萼筒内壁颜色、花药颜色、叶色、树型、生长势）和6个数量性状（花径、节间长度、花芽/叶芽、单花芽/复花芽、花芽起始节位、生育期）数据,并通过赋值法对质量性状指标进行分级。在对所有表型性状进行相关性分析的基础上,对数据进行主成分分析和系统聚类分析。【结果】观赏桃种质数量性状的多样性指数、变异程度均较质量性状高。相关性分析发现这些性状间存在内在的关系,使得信息重叠。进一步进行主成分分析,将16个表型性状指标转化为10个主成分,前6个主成分可反映38份观赏桃种质表型性状的主要特征信息,其所包含的表型性状因子可以作为观赏桃种质创新和亲本选择的主要性状指标。对38份观赏桃种质16个性状的原始数据进行标准化转换,利用欧氏距离、运用离差平方和法进行系统聚类分析,在遗传距离为9附近将其聚为8个类群,发现直观表现特征最明显的树型、花瓣类型、叶色、生长势等是进行不同类群区分的主要表型性状。【结论】利用表型性状数据,以质量性状调查为依据,结合对数量性状的观测,分析观赏桃种质资源多样性并进行评价是可行的。

关键词: 观赏桃, 质量性状, 数量性状, 相关性分析, 主成分分析, 聚类分析

Abstract:

【Objective】 The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility of a phenotypic evaluation of the qualitative and quantitative characters present in the germplasm resources of ornamental peaches, and these findings could provide a scientific basis for the evaluation and selection of new varieties of ornamental peaches. 【Method】 Ten qualitative characters (flower type, petal type, petal color, height of pistil surface, pollen fertility, inter calyx tub color, anther color, leaf color, tree habit, and tree vigor) and six quantitative characters (flower size, internode length, flower bud/leaf bud, simple bud/multiple bud, site of first node with flower bud, and growth period) of 38 germplasm resources of ornamental peaches were investigated. The qualitative characters were graded by assignment method. After correlation analysis, the principal component analysis and cluster analysis of the phenotypic data were conducted. 【Result】 The diversity and degree of variation of quantitative characters in the germplasm resources were higher than that of the qualitative characters. The correlation analysis indicated that there was a relationship among some of the different characters, so that the information of the characters was overlapped. The principal component analysis showed that 16 characters were transformed into 10 principal components, and the first six principal components reflected the main phenotypic characters of 38 germplasm resources of ornamental peaches. The phenotypic factors contained in these principal components could be used as the main character indexes for germplasm innovation and parent selection for breeding ornamental peaches. The original data of 16 characters of 38 germplasm resources of ornamental peaches were standardized, and the cluster analysis was conducted using Euclidean distance and the sum of squares method. The germplasm resources were clustered into eight groups with a genetic distance of nine. The most obvious characteristics, such as petal type, leaf color, tree habit, and tree vigor, were the main phenotypic characters that could be used for distinguishing different groups. 【Conclusion】 This qualitative and quantitative study showed that it was feasible to analyze and evaluate the diversity of germplasm resources of ornamental peaches based on their phenotypic characters.

Key words: ornamental peach, qualitative character, quantitative character, correlation analysis, principal component analysis, cluster analysis

张斌斌,蔡志翔,沈志军,严娟,马瑞娟,俞明亮. 观赏桃种质资源表型性状多样性评价[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(11): 2406-2418.

ZHANG BinBin,CAI ZhiXiang,SHEN ZhiJun,YAN Juan,MA RuiJuan,YU MingLiang. Diversity Analysis of Phenotypic Characters in Germplasm Resources of Ornamental Peaches[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(11): 2406-2418.

图/表 7

表1

38份观赏桃种质资源来源及其用途"

编号 No.	种质 Accession name	外文名 Alien name	学名 Species	原产国 Country of origin	来源地 Origin	种质类型 Biological status of accession	植株用途 Plant use
1	粉肉色碧桃	Fenrousebitao	P. persica var. duplex	中国 China	江苏 Jiangsu	地方品种 Landrace	观赏 Ornamental
2	红花碧桃	Honghuabitao	P. persica var. duplex	中国 China	北京植物园 Beijing Botanical Garden	地方品种 Landrace	观赏 Ornamental
3	二色碧桃	Ersebitao	P. persica var. duplex	中国 China	北京植物园 Beijing Botanical Garden	地方品种 Landrace	观赏 Ornamental
4	白碧桃	Baibitao	P. persica var. duplex	中国 China	北京植物园 Beijing Botanical Garden	地方品种 Landrace	观赏 Ornamental
5	白碧桃1号	Baibitao 1	P. persica var. duplex	中国 China	北京植物园 Beijing Botanical Garden	地方品种 Landrace	观赏 Ornamental
6	白花碧桃	Baihuabitao	P. persica var. duplex	中国 China	北京植物园 Beijing Botanical Garden	地方品种 Landrace	观赏 Ornamental
7	白花山碧桃	Baihuashanbitao	P. davidiana (Carr.) Franch	中国 China	北京植物园 Beijing Botanical Garden	地方品种 Landrace	观赏 Ornamental
8	F1垂枝	F1 (Chui Zhi)	P. persica var. pendula	中国 China	北京植物园 Beijing Botanical Garden	选育品种 Bred variety	观赏 Ornamental
9	F2垂枝	F2 (Chui Zhi)	P. persica var. pendula	中国 China	北京植物园 Beijing Botanical Garden	选育品种 Bred variety	观赏 Ornamental
10	红垂枝	Hongchuizhi	P. persica var. pendula	中国 China	江苏 Jiangsu	地方品种 Landrace	观赏 Ornamental
11	红白垂枝	Hongbaichuizhi	P. persica var. pendula	中国 China	北京植物园 Beijing Botanical Garden	地方品种 Landrace	观赏 Ornamental
12	朱粉垂枝	Zhufenchuizhi	P. persica var. pendula	中国 China	北京植物园 Beijing Botanical Garden	地方品种 Landrace	观赏 Ornamental
13	红寿	Hongshou	P. persica var. densa Makino	中国 China	北京植物园 Beijing Botanical Garden	地方品种 Landrace	观赏 Ornamental
14	粉寿	Fenshou	P. persica var. densa Makino	中国 China	江苏 Jiangsu	地方品种 Landrace	观赏 Ornamental
编号 No.	种质 Accession name	外文名 Alien name	学名 Species	原产国 Country of origin	来源地 Origin	种质类型 Biological status of accession	植株用途 Plant use
15	白寿	Baishou	P. persica var. densa Makino	中国 China	北京植物园 Beijing Botanical Garden	地方品种 Landrace	观赏 Ornamental
16	五宝桃	Wubaotao	P. persica var. duplex	中国 China	江苏 Jiangsu	地方品种 Landrace	观赏 Ornamental
17	绯桃	Feitao	P. persica var. duplex	中国 China	江苏 Jiangsu	地方品种 Landrace	观赏 Ornamental
18	合欢二色	Hehuanerse	P. persica var. duplex	中国 China	北京植物园 Beijing Botanical Garden	地方品种 Landrace	观赏 Ornamental
19	红叶桃	Hongyetao	P. persica var. duplex	中国 China	江苏 Jiangsu	地方品种 Landrace	观赏 Ornamental
20	绛桃	Jiangtao	P. persica var. duplex	中国 China	江苏 Jiangsu	地方品种 Landrace	观赏 Ornamental
21	菊花桃	Juhuatao	P. persica var. duplex	中国 China	北京植物园 Beijing Botanical Garden	地方品种 Landrace	观赏 Ornamental
22	日月桃	Riyuetao	P. persica var. duplex	中国 China	江苏 Jiangsu	地方品种 Landrace	观赏 Ornamental
23	桃花1号	Taohua 1	P. persica var. duplex	中国 China	北京植物园 Beijing Botanical Garden	选育品种 Bred variety	观赏 Ornamental
24	桃花2号	Taohua 2	P. persica var. duplex	中国 China	北京植物园 Beijing Botanical Garden	选育品种 Bred variety	观赏 Ornamental
25	帚形山桃	Zhouxingshantao	P. davidiana (Carr.) Franch	中国 China	河南 Henan	野生资源 Wild resource	多种用途 Many uses
26	黄金美丽	NJ271	P. persica (L.) Batsch	美国 America	中国农科院郑州果树所 Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, CAAS	选育品种 Bred variety	观赏 Ornamental
27	鸳鸯垂枝	Yuanyangchuizhi	P. persica var. duplex	中国 China	河南 Henan	地方品种 Landrace	观赏 Ornamental
28	探春	Tanchun	P. persica var. duplex	中国 China	中国农科院郑州果树所 Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, CAAS	选育品种 Bred variety	观赏 Ornamental
29	洒红桃	Sahongtao	P. persica var. duplex	中国 China	河南 Henan	地方品种 Landrace	观赏 Ornamental
30	人面桃	Renmiantao	P. persica var. duplex	中国 China	河南 Henan	地方品种 Landrace	观赏 Ornamental
31	单瓣紫桃	Danbanzitao	P. persica (L.) Batsch	中国 China	河南 Henan	地方品种 Landrace	观赏 Ornamental
32	满天红	Mantianhong	P. persica var. duplex	中国 China	河南 Henan	选育品种 Bred variety	观赏 Ornamental
33	迎春	Yingchun	P. persica var. duplex	中国 China	中国农科院郑州果树所 Zhengzhou Fruit Research Institute, CAAS	选育品种 Bred variety	观赏 Ornamental
34	单瓣白寿	Danbanbaishou	P. persica var. densa Makino	中国 China	江苏 Jiangsu	地方品种 Landrace	观赏 Ornamental
35	红粉佳人	Hongfenjiaren	P. persica var. duplex	中国 China	江苏 Jiangsu	选育品种 Bred variety	观赏 Ornamental
36	红花柱形桃	Honghuazhuxingtao	P. persica (L.) Batsch	美国 America	山东农业大学 Shandong Agricultural University	选育品种 Bred variety	观赏 Ornamental
37	粉花柱形桃	Fenhuazhuxingtao	P. persica (L.) Batsch	美国 America	山东农业大学 Shandong Agricultural University	选育品种 Bred variety	观赏 Ornamental
38	白花柱形桃	Baihuazhuxingtao	P. persica (L.) Batsch	美国 America	山东农业大学 Shandong Agricultural University	选育品种 Bred variety	观赏 Ornamental

表1

表2

表3

表4

表5

表6

图1

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性状 Character	分级标准 Classification standard
花型 FT	蔷薇型=1 Showy=1,菊花型=2 Chrysanthemum=2
花瓣类型 PT	单瓣=1 Simple petal=1,重瓣=2 Double petal=2
花瓣颜色 PC	白=1 White=1,粉红=2 Pink=2,红=3 Red=3,杂=4 Mottle=4
雌雄蕊高度比 HPS	低=1 Low=1,等=2 Equal=2,高=3 Heigher=3
花粉育性 PF	不稔=1 Sterile=1,可育=2 Fertile=2
萼筒内壁颜色 ICTC	白=1 White=1,绿白=2 Green-white=2,绿黄=3 Green-yellow=3,橙黄=4 Orange=4
花药颜色 AC	白=1 White=1,黄=2 Yellow=1,浅褐=3 Sandy beige=3,橘红=4 Jacinth=4
叶色 LC	绿=1 Green=1,红=2 Red=2
树型 TH	开张形=1 Standard=1,柱形=2 Pillar=2,矮化形=3 Dwarf=3,垂枝形=4 Weeping=4
生长势 TV	弱=1 Weak=1,中=2 Intermediate=2,中强=3 Medium-strong,强=4 Strong=4

性状类型 Characters type	性状 Character	频率分布 Frequency distribution (%)									多样性指数 H'
性状类型 Characters type	性状 Character	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	多样性指数 H'
质量性状 Qualitative character	花型 FT	97.4	2.6								0.122
	花瓣类型 PT	5.3	94.7								0.206
	花瓣颜色 PC	18.4	42.1	26.3	13.2						1.294
	雌雄蕊高度比 HPS	18.4	52.6	28.9							1.008
	花粉育性 PF	2.6	97.4								0.122
	萼筒内壁颜色 ICTC	15.8	5.3	71.1	7.9						0.890
	花药颜色 AC	2.6	39.5	2.6	55.3						0.886
	叶色 LC	92.1	7.9								0.276
	树型 TH	63.2	10.5	10.5	15.8						1.056
	生长势 TV	13.2	71.1	7.9	7.9						0.911
数量性状 Quantitative character	花径 FS	2.6	2.6	2.6	18.4	13.2	31.6	18.4	10.5		1.778
	节间长度 IL	10.5	21.1	39.5	23.7	5.3					1.428
	花芽/叶芽 FB/LB	5.3	10.5	23.7	18.4	13.2	15.8	2.6	7.9	2.6	1.995
	单花芽/复花芽 SB/MB	2.6	31.6	36.8	5.3	13.2	2.6	7.9	0		1.546
	花芽起始节位 SFNFB	2.6	2.6	31.6	28.9	10.5	7.9	7.9	7.9		1.753
	生育期 GP	2.6	15.8	10.5	13.2	26.3	15.8	13.2	2.6		1.896

性状 Character	最小值 Min	最大值 Max	平均值 X	标准差 S	变异系数 CV (%)
花径 FS (cm)	2.00	5.15	4.34	0.56	12.88
节间长度 IL (cm)	0.39	2.60	1.94	0.54	27.83
花芽/叶芽 FB/LB (%)	44.93	226.20	115.63	44.24	38.26
单花芽/复花芽 SB/MB (%)	12.00	127.80	42.70	30.08	70.45
花芽起始节位 SFNFB (node)	1.40	5.82	2.97	0.92	31.03
生育期GP (d)	247.00	281.00	264.84	7.94	3.00

	FT	PT	PC	HPS	PF	ICTC	AC	LC	TH	TV	FS	IL	FB/LB	SB/MB	SFNFB	GP
FT	1
PT	0.05	1
PC	-0.06	0.21	1
HPS	-0.27	0.05	0.19	1
PF	0.03	-0.05	0.06	-0.22	1
ICTC	0.06	-0.22	0.44**	0.10	-0.06	1
AC	0.14	-0.07	0.13	-0.09	0.02	0.19	1
LC	-0.05	-0.28	-0.00	0.24	-0.56**	0.10	-0.03	1
TH	-0.11	-0.05	0.04	0.33*	0.11	0.10	0.20	-0.20	1
TV	-0.02	-0.50**	-0.25	-0.29	0.02	-0.04	0.02	-0.04	-0.20	1
FS	-0.01	0.59**	-0.07	0.05	0	-0.26	-0.35*	-0.25	-0.39*	-0.25	1
IL	-0.03	0.14	0.20	-0.33*	-0.02	-0.01	0.06	0.07	-0.27	0.22	-0.02	1
FB/LB	0.42**	0.27	0.30	0.09	-0.30	0.33*	0.17	0.23	-0.45**	-0.19	0.22	0.20	1
SB/MB	0.08	0.22	-0.25	-0.25	0.08	-0.47**	-0.06	-0.19	0.06	0.19	0.20	-0.03	-0.26	1
SFNFB	-0.11	-0.16	0.16	0.01	0.16	0.22	0.03	-0.05	0.34*	-0.24	-0.32*	0.12	-0.25	-0.23	1
GP	-0.37*	-0.19	-0.32	0.08	0.06	-0.06	-0.01	-0.13	0.16	-0.08	0	-0.38*	-0.23	-0.37*	0.11	1

性状 Character	主成分 Principal component										共同度 Commonalty	特殊方差 Special variance
性状 Character	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10	共同度 Commonalty	特殊方差 Special variance
FT	0.356	0.181	-0.287	0.260	0.385	-0.501	-0.233	-0.395	0.002	0.198	0.957	0.043
PT	0.609	0.040	0.586	0.292	0.068	0.123	-0.130	0.227	0.121	0.021	0.904	0.096
PC	-0.009	0.616	0.179	0.453	-0.092	0.262	0.355	0.010	-0.107	-0.196	0.870	0.131
HPS	-0.263	0.312	0.568	-0.331	0.250	0.148	0.326	-0.033	-0.160	0.365	0.949	0.051
PF	-0.140	-0.405	0.025	0.621	-0.269	-0.188	0.208	-0.181	-0.426	0.026	0.936	0.064
ICTC	-0.324	0.666	-0.101	0.192	-0.136	-0.191	0.271	-0.133	0.379	-0.173	0.915	0.085
AC	-0.200	0.250	-0.254	0.329	0.334	-0.288	-0.086	0.660	-0.154	-0.067	0.941	0.059
LC	-0.052	0.484	-0.217	-0.628	0.183	0.283	-0.199	-0.085	-0.239	-0.172	0.925	0.075
TH	-0.641	-0.135	0.297	0.281	0.480	0.107	0.014	0.062	0.204	0.198	0.922	0.078
TV	-0.031	-0.299	-0.750	-0.160	-0.120	0.034	0.397	0.090	0.172	0.210	0.934	0.066
FS	0.683	-0.174	0.508	-0.087	-0.247	-0.084	0.067	-0.012	0.113	0.012	0.848	0.152
IL	0.305	0.210	-0.419	0.284	-0.345	0.509	-0.196	0.229	0.016	0.300	0.953	0.047
FB/LB	0.506	0.715	-0.021	-0.035	-0.032	-0.314	-0.017	0.057	-0.007	0.119	0.885	0.115
SB/MB	0.394	-0.577	-0.108	0.130	0.493	0.252	0.095	-0.002	0.096	-0.231	0.894	0.106
SFNFB	-0.549	0.120	0.083	0.377	-0.168	0.274	-0.477	-0.247	0.089	0.014	0.864	0.136
GP	-0.481	-0.257	0.309	-0.314	-0.394	-0.405	-0.179	0.272	0.059	-0.018	0.920	0.080
特征值 Eigen value	2.648	2.521	2.102	1.844	1.311	1.271	0.937	0.905	0.562	0.517
方差贡献率 Contribution rate (%)	16.55	15.75	13.14	11.52	8.20	7.94	5.86	5.65	3.51	3.23
累计贡献率 Total contribution rate (%)	16.55	32.30	45.44	56.96	65.16	73.10	78.96	84.61	88.12	91.35