中国农业科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (4): 676-689.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.04.009
盖霞普1,刘宏斌1,杨波1,王洪媛1(),翟丽梅1,雷秋良1,武淑霞1,任天志2
收稿日期:
2018-07-24
接受日期:
2018-09-25
出版日期:
2019-02-16
发布日期:
2019-02-27
通讯作者:
王洪媛
作者简介:
盖霞普,E-mail: 基金资助:
GAI XiaPu1,LIU HongBin1,YANG Bo1,WANG HongYuan1(),ZHAI LiMei1,LEI QiuLiang1,WU ShuXia1,REN TianZhi2
Received:
2018-07-24
Accepted:
2018-09-25
Online:
2019-02-16
Published:
2019-02-27
Contact:
HongYuan WANG
摘要:
【目的】研究不同年限下增施有机肥及秸秆还田对作物产量及剖面土壤碳氮库容的影响,旨在为华北平原冬小麦-夏玉米轮作区增强土壤肥力、提高作物产量提供依据。【方法】以农业部昌平潮褐土生态环境重点野外科学观测试验站为平台,分别在长达11年和27年的2个不同施肥年限试验区采集4个施肥处理,即氮磷钾(NPK)、氮磷钾+22.5 t·hm -2有机肥(NPKM)、氮磷钾+33.75 t·hm -2有机肥(NPKM+)、氮磷钾+秸秆还田(NPKS)不同土层深度的土壤样品,分析冬小麦-夏玉米产量和土壤碳氮库容剖面分布特征。 【结果】(1)增施有机肥及秸秆还田处理对作物的增产效应随施肥年限的延长而逐渐增强。与NPK处理相比,施肥11年限的NPKM、NPKM+和NPKS处理分别提高小麦和玉米产量为18.6%、15.8%、3.5%和39%、42%、35%;而27年的各施肥处理对小麦和玉米产量的增产幅度分别为41%、51.5%、23%和31%、33%、58%。(2)随着施肥年限的延长,增施有机肥及秸秆还田均能持续提升土壤碳、氮库容。连续施肥11年后,土壤碳、氮库容分别为25—114 Mg·hm -2、2.2—9.0 Mg·hm -2;而27年后土壤碳、氮库容分别为29—146 Mg·hm -2、2.5—12.1 Mg·hm -2。随着土壤剖面的加深,不同施肥年限中土壤碳、氮库容均表现为先逐渐增加后逐渐降低的趋势,均在80 cm处达到峰值。在80 cm土层峰值处,27年施肥处理中NPK、NPKM、NPKM+、NPKS土壤碳库和氮库分别为102、128、146、123 Mg·hm -2和8.3、9.7、12.1、9.1 Mg·hm -2,而11年施肥年限内各处理土壤碳、氮库均表现为差异不显著(P>0.05)。和NPK相比,不同年限中增施有机肥及秸秆还田均降低了不同土层的土壤碳氮比。同时,随着施肥年限的延长,土壤碳氮比越稳定。(3)随着施肥年限的延长,各处理土壤累积碳、氮库均呈现增加趋势。连续施肥11年后,NPKM、NPKM+、NPKS比NPK提升土壤累积碳、氮库容分别为5.2%、11.2%、9.2%和21.2%、26.6%、38.8%;连续施肥27年后NPKM、NPKM+、NPKS比NPK提升土壤累积碳、氮库容分别为26.3%、41.1%、21.8%和26.2%、44.9%、4.0%,且随着施肥年限的延长,施用有机肥对土壤累积碳库容的提升高于秸秆还田的趋势愈加明显,而对土壤累积氮库容的提升效果低于秸秆还田。 【结论】在氮磷钾化肥基础上增施有机肥及秸秆还田会提高作物产量、增强土壤碳氮库容、提升土壤肥力,且随着施肥年限的延长,效果愈加明显。同时,施用有机肥对作物产量、碳库的增强效应强于秸秆还田,而对氮库的提升效果低于秸秆还田。
盖霞普,刘宏斌,杨波,王洪媛,翟丽梅,雷秋良,武淑霞,任天志. 不同施肥年限下作物产量及土壤碳氮库容对增施有机物料的响应[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(4): 676-689.
GAI XiaPu,LIU HongBin,YANG Bo,WANG HongYuan,ZHAI LiMei,LEI QiuLiang,WU ShuXia,REN TianZhi. Responses of Crop Yields, Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Stocks to Additional Application of Organic Materials in Different Fertilization Years[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(4): 676-689.
表2
施肥类型、土层深度和施肥年限对土壤碳库、氮库和碳氮比影响的主体间效应检验(n=240)"
变异来源 Variation source | 因变量 Dependent variables | Ш型平方和 Quadratic sum of squares | Df Degree of freedom | F | Sig. Significance level |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
施肥类型 Fertilization types (T) | 土壤碳库SOC stocks | 12245.007 | 3 | 79.734 | <.001 |
土壤氮库TN stocks | 98.287 | 3 | 85.845 | <.001 | |
碳氮比Ratios of C to N | 107.216 | 3 | 15.832 | <.001 | |
土层深度 Soil depth (D) | 土壤碳库SOC stocks | 141872.456 | 9 | 307.938 | <.001 |
土壤氮库TN stocks | 630.196 | 9 | 183.473 | <.001 | |
碳氮比Ratios of C to N | 547.745 | 9 | 26.961 | <.001 | |
施肥年限 Fertilization years (Y) | 土壤碳库SOC stocks | 21584.778 | 1 | 421.653 | <.001 |
土壤氮库TN stocks | 4.216 | 1 | 11.047 | <.001 | |
碳氮比Ratios of C to N | 138.014 | 1 | 61.140 | <.001 | |
施肥类型×土层深度 T×D | 土壤碳库SOC stocks | 2305.072 | 27 | 1.668 | <.05 |
土壤氮库TN stocks | 39.807 | 27 | 3.863 | <.001 | |
碳氮比ratios of C to N | 60.212 | 27 | 0.988 | >.05 | |
施肥类型×施肥年限 T×Y | 土壤碳库SOC stocks | 2341.579 | 3 | 15.247 | <.001 |
土壤氮库TN stocks | 39.058 | 3 | 34.113 | <.001 | |
碳氮比Ratios of C to N | 52.189 | 3 | 7.707 | <.001 | |
土层深度×施肥年限 D×Y | 土壤碳库SOC stocks | 4273.625 | 9 | 9.276 | <.001 |
土壤氮库TN stocks | 86.500 | 9 | 25.183 | <.001 | |
碳氮比Ratios of C to N | 271.041 | 9 | 13.341 | <.001 | |
施肥类型×土层深度×施肥年限 T×D×Y | 土壤碳库SOC stocks | 2182.463 | 27 | 1.579 | <.05 |
土壤氮库TN stocks | 33.137 | 27 | 3.216 | <.001 | |
碳氮比Ratios of C to N | 117.867 | 27 | 1.934 | <.01 |
表3
增施有机肥及秸秆还田对0—200 cm土层土壤累积碳、氮库的影响"
施肥处理 Treatments | 累积碳库 Cumulative SOC stocks (Mg·hm-2) | 累积库氮 Cumulative TN stocks (Mg·hm-2) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
连续施肥11年 11 years fertilizations | 连续施肥27年 27 years fertilizations | 连续施肥11年 11 years fertilizations | 连续施肥27年 27 years fertilizations | |
NPK | 440 ±21 b | 530.7±43 c | 41±4 b | 43± 3 c |
NPKM | 463±23 ab | 671±51 b | 50±5 ab | 54±2 b |
NPKM+ | 490±34 a | 749±40 a | 52±4 a | 63±4 a |
NPKS | 481±29 a | 646±35 b | 58±3 a | 45±1 c |
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