中国农业科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (13): 2230-2242.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.13.004

• 耕作栽培·生理生化·农业信息技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

解磷细菌和丛枝菌根真菌对紫花苜蓿生产性能及地下生物量的影响

孙艳梅,张前兵(),苗晓茸,刘俊英,于磊,马春晖()   

  1. 石河子大学动物科技学院,新疆石河子 832003
  • 收稿日期:2019-01-29 接受日期:2019-04-08 出版日期:2019-07-01 发布日期:2019-07-11
  • 通讯作者: 张前兵,马春晖
  • 作者简介:孙艳梅,E-mail:157372541@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(31660693);中国博士后科学基金(2018T111120);中国博士后科学基金(2017M613252);石河子大学青年创新人才培育计划(CXRC201605);兵团农业技术推广专项(CZ0021);国家牧草产业技术体系项目(CARS-34)

Effects of Phosphorus-Solubilizing Bacteria and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi on Production Performance and Root Biomass of Alfalfa

SUN YanMei,ZHANG QianBing(),MIAO XiaoRong,LIU JunYing,YU Lei,MA ChunHui()   

  1. College of Animal Science & Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang
  • Received:2019-01-29 Accepted:2019-04-08 Online:2019-07-01 Published:2019-07-11
  • Contact: QianBing ZHANG,ChunHui MA

摘要:

【目的】解磷细菌(PSB)和丛枝菌根真菌(AMF)在促进作物养分吸收、提高作物产量等方面具有重要意义。探讨PSB和AMF对苜蓿生长及地下生物量的影响,明确PSB与AMF的相互作用对紫花苜蓿生长的机制,以期为紫花苜蓿人工栽培及其高效复合型微生物肥料的研制提供理论依据。【方法】试验采用单因素随机区组设计,选用4株菌,分别为具有高效解磷能力的巨大芽孢杆菌(Bm)和枯草芽孢杆菌(Bs),以及能与苜蓿根系共生的摩西管柄囊霉(Fm)和幼套球囊霉(Ge),并将这两类菌双接种,分别为BmBs、BmFm、BmGe、BsFm、BsGe、FmGe,以加灭活菌为对照(CK),共计11个处理。测定接菌处理后紫花苜蓿地上生物量、株高、茎粗、粗蛋白含量、中性洗涤纤维、酸性洗涤纤维、苜蓿植株磷含量、主根长、地下生物量、土壤pH、土壤全磷和速效磷含量,通过隶属函数法综合各项指标评价单接种菌和双接种菌对苜蓿的应用效果。【结果】紫花苜蓿的地上生物量、株高、茎粗、粗蛋白含量、植株磷含量、主根长、地下生物量和土壤速效磷含量均为接菌处理显著高于CK(P<0.05),土壤pH、全磷、中性洗涤纤维和酸性洗涤纤维含量均显著低于CK(P<0.05)。与CK相比,苜蓿地下生物量、株高和茎粗在单施解磷细菌Bm和Bs处理下分别增加了18.57%—24.49%、8.59%—21.33%和3.86%—9.54%,在单施丛枝菌根真菌Fm和Ge处理下分别增加了9.15%—27.35%、2.51%—18.60%和4.59—8.58%,双接种BmBs、BmFm、BmGe、BsFm、BsGe、FmGe处理下分别增加了7.66%—41.62%、7.44%—34.56%和5.58%—26.61%。单施Fm和Ge处理苜蓿的主根长均显著大于单施Bm和Bs处理(P<0.05),但Fm和Ge处理之间、Bm和Bs处理之间差异均不显著(P>0.05);双接菌处理中,FmGe处理苜蓿的主根长最长,且显著大于其他施菌处理(P<0.05),其中BmBs处理对紫花苜蓿主根长的效应最弱。相关性分析表明,除酸性洗涤纤维含量与茎粗呈负相关不显著(P>0.05),地下生物量与苜蓿磷呈正相关不显著(P>0.05),与土壤全磷呈负相关不显著(P>0.05)外,其他各指标之间均为显著或极显著正相关、显著或极显著负相关。采用隶属函数法综合各项指标进行评价,对苜蓿生产性能影响较大的接菌处理前3位排序为BmFm、BmGe和FmGe处理。【结论】PSB和AMF同时接种,对苜蓿植株生长发育和磷营养促生效果优于单一接种PSB或AMF,其促进作用的大小与PSB和AMF的种类有关。从紫花苜蓿生长状况、植株的磷营养及地下生物量指标综合考虑,解磷细菌巨大芽孢杆菌(Bm)与丛枝菌根真菌摩西管柄囊霉(Fm)同时接种(即BmFm处理),对紫花苜蓿的生长发育和磷营养的改善效果最好,其次是BmGe处理。

关键词: 苜蓿, 解磷细菌, 丛枝菌根真菌, 生产性能, 营养品质

Abstract:

【Objective】 Phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria (PSB) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) play an important role in promoting nutrient uptake and increasing yield of crop. In order to explore the effects of PSB and AMF on growth and root biomass of alfalfa and to clarify the interaction between PSB and AMF, the mechanism of their effects on alfalfa growth were studied, so as to provide theoretical basis for alfalfa artificial cultivation and the development of high-efficiency compound microbial fertilizer. 【Method】 Single factor randomized block design was used in the experiment, and four kinds of bacteria were selected, including Bacillus megaterium (Bm) and Bacillus subtilis (Bs) with high phosphorus-solubilizing ability, and Funneliformis mosseae (Fm) and Glomus etunicatum (Ge), which could coexist with alfalfa roots, and the two types of bacteria were double inoculated with BmBs, BmFm, BmGe, BsFm, BsGe, FmGe, and adding inactivated bacteria as a control (CK), respectively. A total of 11 treatments.. After inoculation of the bacteria, the hay yield, plant height, stem diameter, crude protein concentration, neutral detergent fiber, acid detergent fiber, phosphorus concentration, taproot length, root biomass of alfalfa were determined, and pH value, total phosphorus, available phosphorus concentration of soil were also analyzed. Then, the effects of single and double inoculation on alfalfa were evaluated by membership function analysis. 【Result】 The above-ground biomass, plant height, stem diameter, crude protein concentration, phosphorus concentration, taproot length, under-ground biomass, soil available phosphorus under inoculated bacteria treatments were significantly higher than that under CK (P<0.05), while neutral detergent fiber and acid detergent fiber of alfalfa, pH value and total phosphorus concentration under soil inoculated bacteria treatments were significantly lower than that under CK (P<0.05). Comparisons between inoculated bacteria and CK, above-ground biomass, plant height and stem diameter of alfalfa increased by 18.57%-24.49%, 8.59%-21.33% and 3.86%-9.54% under PSB in Bm and Bs treatments, respectively, and increased by 9.15%-27.35%, 2.51%-18.60 and 4.59%-8.58% under AMF in Fm and Ge treatments, respectively; BmBs, BmFm, BmGe, BsFm, BsGe, and FmGe treatments increased them by 7.66%-41.62%, 7.44%-34.56% and 5.58%-26.61%, respectively. The taproot length of alfalfa in single inoculated Fm and Ge treatments were significantly longer than those treated with Bm and Bs (P<0.05), but the differences between Fm and Ge, Bm and Bs treatments were not significant (P>0.05); Under the mixed inoculation treatments, the FmGe was the largest and significantly larger than that under other inoculation treatments in the taproot length of alfalfa (P<0.05); BmBs treatments was the weakest. The correlation analysis showed that there was no significant negative correlation between acid detergent fiber concentration and stem diameter (P>0.05); The under-ground biomass had no significant positive correlation with alfalfa phosphorus (P>0.05), and no significant negative correlation with soil total phosphorus (P>0.05). The comprehensive assessment various indicator of alfalfa by a membership function analysis showed that BmFm>BmGe>FmGe, which were the top three treatments for alfalfa production performance. 【Conclusion】 The effect of simultaneous inoculation of PSB and AMF on alfalfa plant growth and phosphorus nutrition was better than that of single inoculation of PSB or AMF, and the effect was related to the types of PSB and AMF. Considering the growth status, plant phosphorus nutrition and underground biomass of alfalfa, the effect of simultaneous inoculation of phosphorus-solubilizing bacteria was Bacillus megaterium (Bm) and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus was Funneliformis mosseae (Fm) on alfalfa growth and phosphorus nutrition were well improved, and the next was BmGe treatments.

Key words: alfalfa, phosphate-solubilizing bacteria, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF), growth, nutritional quality