大豆α-生育酚的遗传与QTL分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.01.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】通过对大豆α-生育酚进行遗传和QTL分析,研究其遗传机制,定位其主效QTL,为高α-生育酚含量的大豆品种选育奠定遗传学基础。【方法】以栽培大豆晋豆23为母本、山西农家品种大豆灰布支黑豆（ZDD02315）为父本杂交衍生的447个RIL作为供试群体构建遗传图谱,试验群体及亲本分别于2011年、2012年和2015年夏季在河南省农业科学院原阳试验基地种植,冬季在海南省三亚南繁基地种植。田间试验采取随机区组设计,2次重复。从6个环境中每个家系选取15.00 g籽粒饱满,大小一致的大豆种子,利用高效液相色谱法定性、定量测定样品中的α-生育酚含量。采用主基因+多基因混合遗传分离分析法和WinQTLCart 2.5复合区间作图法,对大豆α-生育酚含量进行主基因+多基因混合遗传分析和QTL定位。【结果】基于主基因+多基因混合遗传分离分析法,α-生育酚受4对主基因控制,遗传基因分布在双亲中。4对主基因间加性效应值中3对为正值,表明这些基因来源于母本晋豆23;1对为负值,表明该对基因来源于父本灰布支黑豆;4对主基因之间相互作用的上位性效应表现为正值和负值的各有3对,说明不同基因间上位性效应对α-TOC的影响方向并不完全一致。环境因素引起的变异为0.13%—4.05%。表明α-TOC主要受4对主基因影响,受环境因素影响较小。采用WinQTLCart 2.5复合区间作图（CIM）共检测到17个影响α-生育酚的QTL,分布于第1、2、5、6、8、14、16、17共8条染色体中,单个QTL的贡献率8.35%—35.78%,QTL主要表现为加性效应。qα-D1a-1同时在2011年原阳、2012年原阳和三亚、2015年原阳4个环境下检测到,且均定位在第1染色体Satt320—Satt254标记区间19.79 cM处,解释的表型变异分别为12.55%、12.01%和11.89%、12.61%,加性效应值0.119-0.132,增加α-TOC含量的等位基因来自母本晋豆23;qα-A2-1同时在2011年原阳和三亚、2015年原阳3个环境下检测到,且均定位在第8染色体Sat_129—Satt377标记区间44.53 cM处,解释的表型变异分别为23.18%和22.56%、23.01%,加性效应值-0.195—-0.180,增加α-TOC含量的等位基因来自父本灰布支黑豆。qα-D1a-1和qα-A2-1 2个QTL能够稳定遗传。【结果】 α-生育酚最适遗传模型符合4MG-AI,即4对具有加性上位性效应的主基因遗传模型。其遗传主要受4对主基因影响,受环境因素影响较小。检测到α-生育酚的2个稳定主效QTL,Satt320—Satt254和Sat_129—Satt377是共位标记区间。

关键词: 大豆, α-生育酚;, 主基因+多基因, 遗传, QTL

Abstract:

【Objective】 Inheritance and main QTL for α-tocopherol were detected by genetic analysis and QTL mapping. The results lay a genetic foundation for the selection of soybean varieties with high α-tocopherol content in soybean.【Method】The 447 RILs were derived from a cross between Jindou23 of commercial cultivar as the female parent and Huibuzhi of farm variety from Shanxi Province (ZDD02315) as the male parent that construct SSR genetic linkage map. The parent lines and the RILs were cultivated in summer at Yuanyang testing ground of Academy of Agricultural Sciences, and in Winter at Sanya of Hainan province in 2011, 2012, 2015. A complete random design with two replications was used in this study. Each plot of a single genotype provided 15.00 g big-plump seeds with same size in six environmental conditions. α-tocopherol content was detected quantitatively and qualitatively by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Major gene plus polygene mixed inheritance and QTL mapping for α-tocopherol were detected by major gene plus polygene mixed inheritance analysis and composite interval mapping with WinQTLCart 2.5.【Result】The results showed that α-tocopherol was controlled by four pairs of main genes by major gene plus polygene mixed inheritance analysis. and the four pairs of main genes distributed in two parents. Three main genes shared the same direction with positive additive effect and involved novel alleles from the same parent, Jindou23; one main gene has negative additive effects and donated by Huibuzhi of black beans. Three pairs of genes shared the different direction of positive or negative epistatic effects shared the different direction to α-tocopherol contribution. The phenotypic variation explained by QTL by environment interaction ranged from 0.13 to 4.05%, and indicated that α-tocopherol was significantly affected by four pairs of main genes, more than by environment. Seventeen QTLs for α-tocopherol were mapped on 8 chromosomes 1, 2, 5, 6, 8, 14, 16, and 17, separately; the variation accounted for by each of these seventeen QTLs ranged from 8.35% to 35.78%; and QTL showed additive effect. qα-D1a-1 was all located in marker intervals between Satt320-Satt254 (19.79 cM) on chromosomes 1 in four environmental conditions of 2011 at Yuanyang, 2012 at Yuanyang and Sanya, and 2015 at Yuanyang. and explained 12.55%, 12.01%, 11.89%, 12.61% of the phenotypic variation. It had an additive effect of 0.119–0.132 donated by Jinbean23. qα-A2-1 was all located in marker intervals between Sat_129-Satt377 (44.53 cM) on chromosomes 8 in three environmental conditions of 2011 at Yuanyang and Sanya, 2015 at Yuanyang. and explained 23.18%, 22.56%, 23.01% of the phenotypic variation. It had an additive effect of -0.195–-0.180 donated by Huibuzhi. qα-D1a-1 and qα-A2-1 can be stably expressed in different genetic backgrounds.【Conclusion】α-tocopherol was controlled by four pairs of additive epistatic effect major genes genetic model (4MG-AI), and it less affected by environmental factor. The two stable main QTL of Satt320-Satt254 and Sat_129-Satt377 were co-localization marker intervals in soybean.

Key words: soybean, α-tocopherol;, major gene plus polygene, genetic mechanisms, QTL

梁慧珍,余永亮,许兰杰,杨红旗,董薇,谭政伟,李磊,裴新涌,刘新梅. 大豆α-生育酚的遗传与QTL分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(1): 11-20.

LIANG HuiZhen,YU YongLiang,XU LanJie,YANG HongQi,DONG Wei,TAN ZhengWei,LI Lei,PEI XinYong,LIU XinMei. Inheritance and QTL Mapping for α-Tocopherol in Soybean[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(1): 11-20.

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年份 Year	平均值Mean		亲本差P₂—P₁		t值t value		RIL变幅RIL range		GCV（%）		遗传率h²
年份 Year	原阳 Yuanyang	三亚 Sanya	原阳 Yuanyang	三亚 Sanya	原阳 Yuanyang	三亚 Sanya	原阳 Yuanyang	三亚 Sanya	原阳 Yuanyang	三亚 Sanya	原阳 Yuanyang	三亚 Sanya
2011	1.68	1.73	-0.68	-0.72	5.22**	5.93**	1.17—2.67	1.07—2.44	22.65	18.30	62.02	68.37
2012	1.71	1.68	-0.70	-0.64	6.17**	4.97**	1.02—3.47	1.27—2.47	24.44	18.25	67.21	77.35
2015	1.74	1.85	-0.71	-0.79	5.32**	7.05**	1.07—3.20	1.03—2.68	25.29	19.76	70.03	75.91
平均值Mean	1.71	1.75	-0.70	-0.72	6.29**	7.83**	1.02—3.47	1.03—2.68	23.98	18.72	68.52	73.53

变异Variation	Df	SS	MS	F	F_0.05
年份间Year	2	0.0551	0.0551	<1
地点间Location	1	0.0070	0.0035	<1
基因型Genotypes	117	31.1280	0.2661	2.0034*	1.871
年份×地点Year×Location	2	0.1497	0.0749	<1
年份×基因Year×Genotypes	234	55.4814	0.2371	1.7854	1.830
地点×基因Location×Genotypes	117	16.5170	0.1412	1.0633	1.871
年份×地点×基因Year×Location×Genotypes	234	22.9903	0.0982	<1
误差 Error	702	93.2256	0.1328

参数 Parameter		α-生育酚α-TOC		参数 Parameter		α-生育酚α-TOC
参数 Parameter		原阳Yuanyang	三亚Sanya	参数 Parameter		原阳Yuanyang	三亚Sanya
最适模型Optimal model		4MG-AI				4MG-AI
一阶参数1st order parameter				二阶参数2nd order parameter
M	2011	0.8822	0.8724	σ_p²	2011	0.7701	0.8051
	2012	0.9814	1.6881		2012	0.8221	0.0937
	2015	0.9917	0.8798		2015	0.8468	0.7472
d(da)	2011	0.8542	0.8727	σ_mg²	2011	0.7684	0.8041
	2012	0.8786	0.1906		2012	0.8178	0.0899
	2015	0.9900	0.8796		2015	0.8447	0.7455
db	2011	0.1392	0.1832	σ_pg²	2011
	2012	0.1792	0.0674		2012
	2015	0.2319	0.1563		2015
dc	2011	0.0728	0.0852	h²_mg(%)	2011	99.78	99.87
	2012	0.1864	0.0054		2012	99.48	95.95
	2015	0.1722	0.1180		2015	99.75	99.77
dd	2011	-0.0975	-0.0446	h_pg² (%)	2011
	2012	-0.0835	-0.0364		2012
	2015	-0.1217	-0.0772		2015
iab(i^*)	2011	0.1392	0.1832
	2012	0.1792	0.1679
	2015	0.2319	0.1563
iac	2011	0.0728	0.0852
	2012	0.1864	0.0794
	2015	0.1722	0.1180
iad	2011	-0.0975	-0.0446
	2012	-0.0835	-0.0967
	2015	-0.1217	-0.0772
ibc	2011	0.0279	0.007
	2012	0.1083	0.0286
	2015	0.0125	0.0085
ibd	2011	-0.0658	-0.0059
	2012	-0.1309	-0.0938
	2015	-0.0083	-0.007
icd	2011	-0.0276	-0.0052
	2012	-0.1028	-0.0077
	2015	-0.0125	-0.0034

年份 Year	环境 Environment	QTL	染色体 Chr.	标记区间 Marker Interval	位置 Position (cM)	LOD	加性效应 Additive	R² (%)
2011	原阳Yuanyang	qα-A2-1	A2(8)	Sat_129—Satt377	44.53	3.75	-0.195	23.18
		qα-D2-1	D2(17)	Satt372—Satt154	0.01	2.62	0.147	12.82
		qα-A2-2	A2(7)	Satt333—Satt327	93.50	3.93	0.182	21.07
		qα-D1a-1	D1a(1)	Satt320—Satt254	19.79	2.63	0.125	12.55
	三亚Sanya	qα-D1a-3	D1a(1)	Satt267—Satt402	28.98	4.11	0.140	17.05
		qα-A2-1	A2(8)	Sat_129—Satt377	44.53	3.71	-0.190	22.56
2012	原阳Yuanyang	qα-D1b-1	D1b(2)	Satt041—Satt546	14.84	2.52	-0.736	8.35
		qα-C2-2	C2(6)	Satt100—Satt134	100.60	3.05	-0.143	21.10
		qα-D1a-1	D1a(1)	Satt320—Satt254	19.79	2.70	0.131	12.01
	三亚Sanya	qα-A1-1	A1(5)	Satt545—Satt511	114.35	5.06	-0.191	35.78
		qα-C2-1	C2(6)	Satt577—Satt100	98.36	4.10	-0.129	17.07
		qα-D1a-1	D1a(1)	Satt320—Satt254	19.79	2.53	0.119	11.89
		qα-D1a-2	D1a(1)	Satt179—Satt267	24.23	2.88	0.120	12.33
2015	原阳Yuanyang	qα-D1a-1	D1a(1)	Satt320—Satt254	19.79	2.72	0.132	12.61
		qα-A2-1	A2(8)	Sat_129—Satt377	44.53	3.21	-0.180	23.01
	三亚Sanya	qα-B2-1	B2(14)	Satt070—Satt534	86.20	3.18	-0.964	20.46
		qα-J_2-1	J_2(16)	Satt380—Satt183	0.01	2.71	-0.687	16.90