开放式空气CO2浓度增高(FACE)对水稻灌浆动态的影响

中国农业科学 ›› 2007, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (11): 2443-2451 .

开放式空气CO2浓度增高(FACE)对水稻灌浆动态的影响

胡健,杨连新,周娟,王余龙,朱建国

扬州大学农学院/江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室

收稿日期:2006-10-30 修回日期:1900-01-01 出版日期:2007-11-10 发布日期:2007-11-10
通讯作者: 胡健

Effect of Free-air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) on Grain Filling Properties of Rice

扬州大学农学院/江苏省作物遗传生理重点实验室

Received:2006-10-30 Revised:1900-01-01 Online:2007-11-10 Published:2007-11-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】揭示大气CO2浓度升高对水稻籽粒灌浆动态的影响。【方法】利用农田开放式空气CO2浓度增高（FACE，free-air carbon dioxide enrichment）系统，以武香粳14为供试材料，CO2浓度设正常CO2（Ambient）和高CO2（FACE，Ambient+200μmol•mol-1）2个水平，施N量设低氮、中氮和高氮（150、250、350 kg•ha-1）3个水平，测定各处理稻穗不同部位籽粒的灌浆进程，利用Richards方程拟合。【结果】（1）FACE处理明显提高了低氮水平实测最终米粒重，稻穗上、中、下部米粒增重分别为11.1%、10.9%和9.4%，全穗平均增重10.6%，而对中、高氮水平下粒重的影响较小；（2）FACE处理普遍提高了稻穗各部位籽粒灌浆的相对起始势；（3）FACE处理明显提高籽粒最大灌浆速率，低、中、高3种施氮条件下，全穗平均增幅分别为32.9%、36.9%和40.4%，稻穗上部籽粒增幅高于中、下部籽粒；同时明显提高了籽粒平均灌浆速率，低、中、高3种施氮条件下增幅分别为20.3%、25.8%和31.0%；（4）FACE处理总体上延迟了灌浆速率峰值出现的时间，最大灌浆速率时间的粒重增加，实灌时间缩短；从水稻籽粒灌浆阶段划分特征来看，FACE明显延长了灌浆前期持续时间，缩短了灌浆中期及后期持续时间。【结论】FACE处理提高了灌浆相对起始势、最大及平均灌浆速率，灌浆前期时间延长而灌浆中、后期时间缩短，总灌浆时间明显缩短，各粒位米粒重在低氮条件下明显增加而中、高氮条件下无明显变化。

关键词: 水稻, 开放式空气CO2浓度增高(FACE), 籽粒灌浆, 氮肥

Abstract: 【Objective】 In order to investigate the effect of atmospheric CO2 concentration ([CO2]) on grain-filling properties of rice. 【Method】Using the unique free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE) system in China, a japonica rice cv. Wuxiangging 14 was grown at ambient or elevated (ca 200 μmol mol-1 above ambient) [CO2] under three levels of N: low (LN, 150 kg hm-2), medium (MN, 250 kg hm-2) and high N (HN, 35 kg hm-2). Grain filling dynamic at different positions of rice panicle was investigated. The Richards equation was used to describe grain filling processes. 【Result】(1) Under LN condition, FACE treatment increased grain weight significantly, averaging 9.9%, 7.0% and 7.7% for grains on upper, middle and low parts of the panicle, respectively. However, no effect of FACE was observed under HN and MN conditions. (2) In general, FACE treatment enhanced the initial relative growth power (GR0/W0) of grains on different parts of the panicle. (3) FACE treatment greatly increased the maximum grain-filling rate (MRm), averaging 38.6%, 24.3% and 38.6% for LN-, MN- and HN-plants, respectively, with CO2-induced increase being larger for upper grains than middle and low ones on the panicle. In addition, the mean grain-filling rate (MGR) was enhanced due to FACE by 38.9%, 47.7% and 44.1% for LN-, MN- and HN-plants, respectively. (4) Overall, grains of FACE plants had later time to reach maximum growth rate, heavier grain weight at time when the growth rate is maximum and shorter mean grain-filling duration as compared with those of ambient plants. As for different grain-filling stages, FACE treatment obviously prolonged the duration of early grain-filling stage, while the duration of middle and late grain-filling stages showed the opposite trends.【Conclusion】These data indicated that FACE treatment increased the GR0/W0, GRm and MGR, prolonged the duration of early grain-filling stage with a shortening of duration of middle, late and whole grain-filling stages. FACE treatment greatly increased grain weight of different panicle positions under LN condition, whereas no significant changes were observed under MN and HN conditions.

Key words: Rice, Free-air CO2 enrichment (FACE), Grain filling property

胡健,杨连新,周娟,王余龙,朱建国. 开放式空气CO2浓度增高(FACE)对水稻灌浆动态的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2007, 40(11): 2443-2451 .

. Effect of Free-air CO2 Enrichment (FACE) on Grain Filling Properties of Rice[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2007, 40(11): 2443-2451 .

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