最新录用：不同时期高温胁迫对夏玉米物质生产性能及籽粒产量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.211087

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】随着全球气候变暖，夏季高温天气频发、重发趋势明显，且持续时间不断延长，是限制黄淮海地区夏玉米产量提升的主要非生物胁迫之一。本文选用2个耐热性不同的夏玉米品种（耐热型品种郑单958、敏感型品种先玉335），比较其在大喇叭口期（V12）和开花期（VT）高温胁迫后光合特性、碳同化物积累与分配以及产量的差异，以期探明不同时期高温胁迫对夏玉米干物质生产性能及籽粒产量的影响。【方法】本研究以耐热型品种郑单958（ZD958）和热敏感型品种先玉335（XY335）为材料，设置V12期、VT期高温胁迫处理（昼38℃12 h/夜28℃12 h），以同时期适宜温度处理（昼32℃12 h/夜22℃12 h）为对照，使用自动控温控湿的高温棚模拟田间自然增温效果，比较高温胁迫后夏玉米叶面积指数（LAI）、叶片碳代谢酶活性、光合速率和碳同化物积累与分配的动态变化特征，明确夏玉米物质生产性能及籽粒产量对高温胁迫的响应机制。【结果】高温胁迫后，两品种的LAI、碳代谢酶活性、净光合速率和干物质积累量均显著降低，ZD958和XY335的LAI、RuBP羧化酶活性、PEP羧化酶活性、净光合速率和干物质积累量比其对照分别降低了2.98%—4.21%、40.38%—54.46%、16.88%—30.60%、18.14%—25.49%、12.83%—19.38%和3.80%—5.07%、56.56%—76.16%、26.33%—33.66%、22.37%—34.62%、22.07%—26.72%，VT期高温胁迫降幅大于V12期。高温胁迫后，夏玉米叶片蒸腾速率显著升高，但叶片水分利用效率显著下降。高温下两品种的¹³C同化量均显著降低，V12期高温胁迫后，ZD958和XY335的¹³C同化量分别降低了18.48%和22.82%，籽粒中¹³C同化量占比降低。高温胁迫显著降低穗粒数，千粒重虽有小幅提高，但籽粒产量显著降低。V12期高温胁迫后，ZD958和XY335穗粒数和产量分别降低了62.53%、70.50%和45.87%、62.87%；VT期高温胁迫后分别降低了70.53%、85.41%和66.89%、80.61%。VT期高温胁迫降幅大于V12期高温胁迫，XY335的降幅大于ZD958。【结论】高温胁迫降低了夏玉米叶面积指数、叶片RuBP和PEP羧化酶活性，显著降低叶片光合速率和干物质生产性能。高温下穗粒数显著减少，抑制了碳同化物从叶片和茎秆向籽粒的转运，最终导致籽粒产量降低。VT期高温胁迫效应大于V12期，热敏感型品种XY335的降幅显著大于耐热型品种ZD958。

关键词: 夏玉米, 高温胁迫, 碳代谢酶活性, 碳同化物积累与分配, 产量

Abstract: 【Objective】With the global warming, summer high temperature weather occurs more frequently and more intensely, and the duration of high temperature is more longer, which is the main abiotic stress limiting the improvement of summer maize yield in Huang-Huai-Hai region. In this study, the effects of high temperature stress on dry matter production performance and grain yield of summer maize were investigated by analyzing the differences of photosynthetic characteristics, carbon assimilate accumulation and distribution and grain yield of two different heat sensitive summer maize varieties under high temperature stress at V12 stage and VT stage, respectively. 【Method】In this study, heat resistant maize variety Zhengdan 958 (ZD958) and heat sensitive maize variety Xianyu 335 (XY335) were used as materials. The high temperature stress treatments (day 38℃12 h/night 28℃12 h) were set at V12 and VT stage, respectively, at the same time, thenormal temperature treatment (day 32℃12 h /night 22℃12 h) was set as the control. High temperature greenhouse equipped with automatic temperature and humidity control facilities was used to simulate the effect of natural field high temperature. The dynamic characteristics of leaf area index (LAI), carbon metabolism enzyme activities, photosynthetic rate and carbon assimilate accumulation and allocation were compared after high temperature stress, aimed to determine the response mechanism of dry matter production performance and grain yield to high temperature stress. 【Result】After high temperature stress, LAI, carbon metabolism enzyme activities, net photosynthetic rate and dry matter accumulation of two cultivars were significantly decreased. LAI, RuBP carboxylase activity, PEP carboxylase activity, net photosynthetic rate and dry matter accumulation of ZD958 and XY335 decreased by 2.98%-4.21%, 40.38%-54.46%, 16.88%-30.60%, 18.14%-25.49%, 12.83%-19.38% and 3.80%-5.07%, 56.56%-76.16%, 26.33%-33.66%, 22.37%-34.62%, 22.07%-26.72%, respectively. The decrease range of high temperature stress in VT stage was larger than that in V12 stage. After high temperature stress, transpiration rate of summer maize leaves increased, while leaf water use efficiency decreased significantly. Under high temperature stress, ¹³C assimilation of ZD958 and XY335 decreased by 18.48% and 22.82%, respectively, and the proportion of ¹³C assimilation in grains decreased. The high temperature stress significantly decreased grain number per spike and grain yield, although 1000 grain weight increased slightly. After V12 high temperature stress, 1 000 grain weight of ZD958 and XY335 increased by 2.36% and 3.17%,respectively, while thegrain number per spike and yield decreased by 62.53% and 70.50%, 45.87% and 62.87%%, respectively. After VT high temperature stress, grain number per spike and yield decreased by 70.53% and 85.41%, 66.89% and 80.61%%, respectively. The decrease range of high temperature stress in VT stage was larger than that in V12 stage, andXY335 decreased more than ZD958. 【Conclusion】The high temperature stress reduced LAI, RuBP carboxylase and PEP carboxylase activities, and significantly reduced photosynthetic rate and dry matter production performance of summer maize. Under high temperature stress, thegrain number per spike decreased significantly, which inhibited the transportation of carbohydrate from leaf and stem to grain, resulting in lower grain yield. The effects of high temperature stress on dry matter performance and grain yield of summer maize in VT stage was significantly greater than that in V12 stage. The decrease of heat sensitive variety XY335 was significantly greater than that of heat resistant variety ZD958 in two periods.

Key words: Summer summermaize, High hightemperature stress, Carbon carbonmetabolism enzyme activity, Carbon carbonassimilate accumulation and distribution, Yieldyield

张川, 刘栋, 王洪章, 任昊, 赵斌, 张吉旺, 任佰朝, 刘存辉, 刘鹏. 最新录用：不同时期高温胁迫对夏玉米物质生产性能及籽粒产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 0, (): 1-.

ZHANG Chuan, LIU Dong, WANG HongZhang, REN Hao, ZHAO Bin, ZHANG JiWang, REN BaiZhao, LIU CunHui, LIU Peng. Effects of High Temperature Stress in Different Periods on Dry Matter Production and Grain Yield of Summer Maize[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 0, (): 1-.

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最新录用：不同时期高温胁迫对夏玉米物质生产性能及籽粒产量的影响

Effects of High Temperature Stress in Different Periods on Dry Matter Production and Grain Yield of Summer Maize

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