南方丘陵区红壤综合治理的“井冈山模式”理论与实践

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.21.010

中国农业科学 ›› 2026, Vol. 59 ›› Issue (21): 4841-4853.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2026.21.010

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇下一篇

南方丘陵区红壤综合治理的“井冈山模式”理论与实践

彭新华¹^,²^,³(), 郭自春², 黄尚书⁴, 熊鹏³, 刘明², 柳开楼⁴, 刘佳⁵, 黄太庆⁶, 钟义军⁴, 张会民¹^,⁷, 何铁光⁶, 邓绍勇⁸, 聂军⁹, 赵小敏³, 张佳宝²

¹ 中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所/北方干旱半干旱耕地高效利用全国重点实验室，北京 100081
² 中国科学院南京土壤研究所，南京 211135
³ 江西省农业大学国土资源与环境学院，南昌 330045
⁴ 江西省红壤及种质资源研究所，江西进贤 331717
⁵ 江西省农业科学院土壤肥料与资源环境研究所，南昌 330200
⁶ 广西壮族自治区农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所，南宁 530007
⁷ 中国农业科学院衡阳红壤实验站，湖南祁阳 426128
⁸ 江西省林业科学院森林药材与食品研究所，南昌 330013
⁹ 湖南省耕地与农业环境生态研究所，长沙 410125

收稿日期:2026-06-27 接受日期:2026-09-23 出版日期:2026-11-01 发布日期:2026-11-06
联系方式: 彭新华，E-mail：pengxinhua@caas.cn
基金资助:
井冈山农高区省级科技专项“揭榜挂帅”项目(20222-051261); 中国科学院战略先导专项(XDA0440404); 国家重点研发计划(2023YFD1900205)

Jinggangshan Model: Theory and Application of Integrated Management Practices in Southern Red Soil Hilly Region

PENG XinHua¹^,²^,³(), GUO ZiChun², HUANG ShangShu⁴, XIONG Peng³, LIU Ming², LIU KaiLou⁴, LIU Jia⁵, HUANG TaiQing⁶, ZHONG YiJun⁴, ZHANG HuiMin¹^,⁷, HE TieGuang⁶, DENG ShaoYong⁸, NIE Jun⁹, ZHAO XiaoMin³, ZHANG JiaBao²

¹ Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Arable Land in China, Beijing 100081
² Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing 211135
³ College of Land Resources and Environment, Jiangxi Agricultural University, Nanchang 330045
⁴ Jiangxi Institute of Red Soil and Germplasm Resources, Jinxian 331717, Jiangxi
⁵ Institute of Soil Fertilizer and Resource Environment, Jiangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanchang 330200
⁶ Agricultural Resources and Environmental Research Institute, Guangxi Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning 530007
⁷ Hengyang Red Soil Experimental Station, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Qiyang 426128, Hunan
⁸ Institute of Forest Medicinal Herbs and Food, Jiangxi Academy of Forestry, Nanchang 330013
⁹ Hunan Institute of Agricultural Soil and Eco-Environment, Changsha 410125

Received:2026-06-27 Accepted:2026-09-23 Published:2026-11-01 Online:2026-11-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

南方红壤区是我国热带和亚热带粮经果的主要生产基地，其面积约占全国土地面积的23%，承载着全国40%的人口，在保障国家粮食安全中占有重要的战略地位。然而，长期不合理的高强度利用导致红壤酸化加剧、肥力衰退、土壤板结、水土流失和季节性干旱等问题并存，制约了南方红壤丘陵区农业高质量发展。针对南方红壤多障碍并存、种植模式单一和综合效益低等问题，中国农业科学院农业资源与农业区划研究所、中国科学院南京土壤研究所联合江西、湖南、广西等多家科研院所协同攻关，经过20余年的实践与探索，逐步构建了“耕地质量提高、粮食产能提升和生态保护利用”协同的“井冈山模式”。该模式以“丘谷种粮、丘上经作、山腰挂果、山顶护林”四位一体为立体生态布局，构建稻田土壤质量提升与绿色丰产增效、旱地多障碍消减与产能提升、果园培肥提质与生态保护协同、山顶生态防护与林下经济四大技术体系，形成有较强连通性、功能多样的生态廊道，并建立覆盖从种到收的农业种植精准管理智能决策系统。本文系统阐述了该模式的历史发展过程、内涵及其技术体系、推广机制与成效，并提出了模式面临的挑战与未来发展的方向。“井冈山模式”是新时期南方红壤区耕地质量提高、产能提升和生态保护协同综合治理模式的实践探索，可为区域绿色农业高质量发展提供科技支撑。

关键词: 红壤, 综合治理, 井冈山模式, 技术推广体系

Abstract:

The red soil region of southern China is a crucial base for tropical and subtropical grain production, fruits and economic forests, which accounts for approximately 23% of the country's land and supports 40% of its population, thus playing an irreplaceable role in ensuring regional food security. However, due to long-term intensive and inappropriate use, the red soils in this region face multiple challenges, including severe acidification, fertility decline, soil compaction, soil erosion, and seasonal drought, thereby constraining high-quality agricultural development. To address the coexisting soil constraints, the Institute of Agricultural Resources and Regional Planning of the Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences and the Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, in collaboration with universities and research institutions in Jiangxi, Hunan and other provinces, have conducted joint researches. Through more than two decades of research and practice, they developed the Jinggangshan Model, which integrated cropland quality improvement, agricultural productivity enhancement, and ecological conservation. The model was centered on a four-in-one ecological layout featuring “rice cultivation in valley bottoms, cash crops on hill foots, fruit trees on mid-hills, and forest conservation on hill tops.” It integrated four key technological systems: a quality improvement, green, high-yield, and efficient production for double-cropping rice fields; technologies for mitigating multiple barriers (acidity, low fertility, compaction, and erosion) in drylands to boost productivity; systems for synchronizing orchard fertility improvement, quality enhancement, and ecological protection; technologies for ecological conservation on mountain tops combined with under-forest economy development. The model also established highly connected, multifunctional ecological corridors and an intelligent decision-support system for precision crop management covering the entire production cycle from sowing to harvest. This study elaborated on the model's historical development, conceptual basis, technological systems, extension mechanisms, and outcomes. It also discussed the challenges it faced and directions for future development. The Jinggangshan Model represented a practical approach to the integrated management of the red soil region of southern China by coordinating cropland quality improvement, agricultural productivity enhancement, and ecological conservation, and could provide the scientific and technological support for high-quality green agricultural development in the region.

Key words: red soil, integrated management, Jinggangshan Model, extension system

彭新华, 郭自春, 黄尚书, 熊鹏, 刘明, 柳开楼, 刘佳, 黄太庆, 钟义军, 张会民, 何铁光, 邓绍勇, 聂军, 赵小敏, 张佳宝. 南方丘陵区红壤综合治理的“井冈山模式”理论与实践[J]. 中国农业科学, 2026, 59(21): 4841-4853.

PENG XinHua, GUO ZiChun, HUANG ShangShu, XIONG Peng, LIU Ming, LIU KaiLou, LIU Jia, HUANG TaiQing, ZHONG YiJun, ZHANG HuiMin, HE TieGuang, DENG ShaoYong, NIE Jun, ZHAO XiaoMin, ZHANG JiaBao. Jinggangshan Model: Theory and Application of Integrated Management Practices in Southern Red Soil Hilly Region[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2026, 59(21): 4841-4853.

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南方丘陵区红壤综合治理的“井冈山模式”理论与实践

Jinggangshan Model: Theory and Application of Integrated Management Practices in Southern Red Soil Hilly Region

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