有机肥无机肥配施结合深耕提升稻油轮作系统生产力和养分利用效率

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.16.003

中国农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (16): 3178-3189.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.16.003

• 专题：稻油轮作周年养分管理 • 上一篇下一篇

有机肥无机肥配施结合深耕提升稻油轮作系统生产力和养分利用效率

卜容燕¹(), 程文龙¹, 武际¹, 唐杉¹, 李敏¹, 鲁剑巍², 纪根学³, 王慧¹, 朱睿¹, 蒋发辉¹, 汤萌萌¹, 韩上¹^,^*()

¹ 安徽省农业科学院土壤肥料研究所（国家土壤质量太和观测实验站）/安徽省养分循环与耕地保育重点实验室，合肥 230031
² 华中农业大学资源与环境学院，武汉 430070
³ 池州市农业科学院，安徽池州 247000

收稿日期:2025-04-29 接受日期:2025-06-25 出版日期:2025-08-11 发布日期:2025-08-11
通信作者:
韩上，E-mail：hs0059@126.com
联系方式: 卜容燕，E-mail：burongyan@163.com。
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划(2021YFD1901200); 安徽省重点研究与开发计划(2023n06020024); 安徽省农业科学院科研团队项目(2025YL053)

Organic-Inorganic Fertilization Application and Deep Tillage Enhance Productivity and Nutrient Use Efficiency in Rice-Rapeseed Rotations

BU RongYan¹(), CHENG WenLong¹, WU Ji¹, TANG Shan¹, LI Min¹, LU JianWei², JI GenXue³, WANG Hui¹, ZHU Rui¹, JIANG FaHui¹, TANG MengMeng¹, HAN Shang¹^,^*()

¹ Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences（National Agricultural Experimental Station for Soil Quality）/Key Laboratory of Nutrient Cycling and Arable Land Conservation of Anhui Province, Hefei 230031
² College of Resources and Environment, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070
³ Chizhou Agricultural Science Research Institute, Chizhou 247000, Anhui

Received:2025-04-29 Accepted:2025-06-25 Published:2025-08-11 Online:2025-08-11

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】明确耕作方式和施肥措施对长江流域稻油轮作系统作物产量和养分利用的影响，为区域粮油协同增产的可持续养分管理提供科学依据。【方法】基于2016—2023年稻油轮作田间定位试验，采用裂区试验设计，主处理为不同耕作方式，分别为旋耕（RT，耕作深度12 cm）和深耕（DT，耕作深度20 cm）；副处理为不同施肥处理，包括不施肥（CK）、单施化肥（F）和有机肥无机肥配施（FM与F处理为等养分设计。FM处理水稻季化肥用量与F处理一致，油菜季有机肥配施化肥）3个处理。分析水稻和油菜产量、养分吸收量和养分利用效率，结合产量稳定性指数和可持续性指数进行综合评估。【结果】与不施肥处理相比，施肥后水稻和油菜平均增产47.6%和288.1%，产量稳定性增加6.1%、10.6%，可持续指数增加14.7%、16.7%。施肥是影响作物产量的主要因素，且有机肥无机肥配施增产效果优于单施化肥。深耕较旋耕进一步增加水稻（9.2%）和油菜（7.0%）产量，且产量稳定性（YSI降低17.9%和4.7%）与可持续性（SYI提高5.7%和7.7%）显著优化。在所有处理中，FM-DT处理水稻和油菜的产量及其稳定性和可持续性均最高。进一步分析发现，FM-DT处理最有利于促进养分向籽粒中转移，提高作物养分收获指数，水稻氮素和磷素收获指数达76.9%和76.0%，油菜达68.5%和69.5%。有机肥投入减少了化肥施用，但提高了氮和磷养分利用效率，其中水稻季分别增加23.1%和24.5%，油菜季分别增加63.7%和22.8%。在有机肥替代的基础上进行深耕，进一步提高了氮肥和磷肥表观利用率。【结论】有机肥无机肥配施结合深耕显著提高稻油轮作系统生产力、稳定性和可持续性，提高养分利用效率，是长江流域稻油轮作实现可持续发展的有效养分管理方式。

关键词: 稻油轮作, 有机肥, 耕作方式, 产量, 产量稳定性, 产量可持续性, 养分利用效率

Abstract:

【Objective】The aim of this study is to elucidate the long-term effects of tillage practices and fertilization measures on annual crop yield and nutrient utilization in a rapeseed- rice rotation system in the Yangtze River Basin, for providing a scientific basis for sustainable nutrient management to achieve synergistic grain and oilseed production in the region.【Method】Based on a site-specific field experiment (2016-2023) with a rice-rapeseed rotation system, a split-plot design was adopted. The main treatments were different tillage methods: rotary tillage (RT, 12 cm depth) and deep tillage (DT, 20 cm depth). The sub-treatments included three fertilization regimes: no fertilization (CK), chemical fertilizer alone (F), and combined organic-inorganic fertilization (FM, where chemical fertilizer in the rice season matched the F treatment, while the rapeseed season received organic-chemical fertilization). This study analyzed the rapeseed and rice yields, nutrient uptake, and nutrient use efficiency, with a comprehensive evaluation incorporating yield stability index (YSI) and sustainability index (SYI).【Result】Compared with CK, fertilization application significantly increased rice and rapeseed yields by 47.6% and 288.1%, respectively, while improving yield stability (YSI increased by 6.1% and 10.6%) and sustainability (SYI increased by 14.7% and 16.7%). Fertilization was the primary factor influencing crop yield, with FM outperforming F. DT further enhanced rice (9.2%) and rapeseed (7.0%) yields compared with RT, while significantly improving rice and rapeseed yield stability (YSI decreased by 17.9% and 4.7%, respectively) and sustainability (SYI increased by 5.7% and 7.7%, respectively). Among all treatments, FM-DT achieved the highest yields, stability, and sustainability for both crops. Further analysis revealed that FM-DT most effectively promoted nutrient translocation to grains, increasing N and phosphorus (P) harvest indices. The N and P harvest indices reached 76.9% and 76.0% in rice and 68.5% and 69.5% in rapeseed, respectively. Organic fertilizer substitution reduced chemical fertilizer input but enhanced N and P use efficiency, increasing them by 23.1% and 24.5% in rice and 63.7% and 22.8% in rapeseed, respectively. DT combined with organic substitution further improved N and P apparent recovery efficiency. 【Conclusion】The integration of FM with DT significantly enhanced productivity, stability, and sustainability in the rice-rapeseed rotation system while improving nutrient use efficiency. This approach represented an effective nutrient management strategy for achieving sustainable development in rice-rapeseed rotation in the Yangtze River Basin.

Key words: rice-rapeseed rotation, organic fertilizer, tillage practice, yield, yield stability, yield sustainability, nutrient use efficiency

卜容燕, 程文龙, 武际, 唐杉, 李敏, 鲁剑巍, 纪根学, 王慧, 朱睿, 蒋发辉, 汤萌萌, 韩上. 有机肥无机肥配施结合深耕提升稻油轮作系统生产力和养分利用效率[J]. 中国农业科学, 2025, 58(16): 3178-3189.

BU RongYan, CHENG WenLong, WU Ji, TANG Shan, LI Min, LU JianWei, JI GenXue, WANG Hui, ZHU Rui, JIANG FaHui, TANG MengMeng, HAN Shang. Organic-Inorganic Fertilization Application and Deep Tillage Enhance Productivity and Nutrient Use Efficiency in Rice-Rapeseed Rotations[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2025, 58(16): 3178-3189.

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项目 Item	处理 Treatment	油菜 Rapeseed		水稻 Rice		周年能值产量 Energy yield of rice-rapeseed
项目 Item	处理 Treatment	RT	DT	RT	DT	RT	DT
产量稳定性指数 Yield stability index, YSI (%)	CK	50.4a	45.7a	16.6a	12.9a	21.9a	17.7a
	F	23.0b	22.1b	11.8b	10.5b	8.9b	7.3b
	FM	19.3c	19.4c	9.9c	8.8c	7.3c	6.8b
产量可持续性指数 Sustainable yield index, SYI	CK	0.278c	0.324c	0.645b	0.695c	0.565b	0.618b
	F	0.518b	0.537b	0.738a	0.780b	0.819a	0.838a
	FM	0.576a	0.591a	0.791a	0.820a	0.851a	0.860a

作物 Crop	处理 Treatment	氮素 NHI		磷素 PHI		钾素 KHI
作物 Crop	处理 Treatment	RT	DT	RT	DT	RT	DT
油菜 Rapeseed	CK	45.8c	52.6b	56.1b	62.1b	19.6a	17.5b
	F	62.1b	68.5a	65.8a	68.3a	19.6a	19.3ab
	FM	68.5a	70.7a	69.4a	70.5a	18.3a	20.0a
水稻 Rice	CK	61.1c	70.2c	65.0c	67.6c	12.9a	12.0a
	F	69.8b	73.9b	71.7b	71.2b	13.7a	13.4a
	FM	73.8a	76.9a	74.2a	76.0a	12.9a	13.9a
轮作周年 Annual rotation	CK	58.2c	67.0b	63.5b	66.7b	15.6a	14.3a
	F	67.1b	72.0a	69.2a	70.0a	16.2a	15.8a
	FM	71.9a	74.7a	72.1a	73.6a	15.1a	16.4a

作物 Crop	处理 Treatment	氮素 NREU		磷素 PREU		钾素 KREU
作物 Crop	处理 Treatment	RT	DT	RT	DT	RT	DT
油菜 Rapeseed	F	29.4b	32.3b	24.7b	26.0b	70.0a	74.7a
油菜 Rapeseed	FM	36.9a	38.4a	30.1a	33.1a	73.0a	77.4a
水稻 Rice	F	31.5b	34.7b	32.5b	34.6b	50.2b	52.8b
水稻 Rice	FM	50.6a	57.8a	38.8a	43.7a	53.5a	55.4a
轮作周年 Annual rotation	F	30.4b	33.4b	28.6b	30.3b	68.7a	72.9a
轮作周年 Annual rotation	FM	36.2a	39.3a	34.4a	38.4a	72.3a	75.9a

作物 Crop	处理 Treatment	氮 Nitrogen (kg N·hm^-2)						磷 Phosphorus (kg P₂O_5·hm^-2)						钾 Potassium (kg K₂O·hm^-2)
		投入Input		支出Output		平衡Balance		投入Input		支出Output		平衡Balance		投入Input		支出Output		平衡Balance
		RT/DT		DT	RT	DT	RT	RT/DT		DT	RT	DT	RT	RT/DT		DT	RT	DT	RT
		化肥 Chemical fertilizer	有机肥 Organic fertilizer	DT	RT	DT	RT	化肥 Chemical fertilizer	有机肥 Organic fertilizer	DT	RT	DT	RT	化肥 Chemical fertilizer	有机肥 Organic fertilizer	DT	RT	DT	RT
油菜 Rapeseed	CK	0	0	18.3	16.4	-18.3	-16.4	0	0	4.6	4.2	-4.6	-4.2	0	0	95.9	87.3	-95.9	-87.3
	F	180.0	0	80.8	73.1	99.2	106.9	75	0	30.6	28.6	44.4	46.4	90	0	159.3	147.6	-69.3	-57.6
	FM	144.0	36	91.1	80.2	88.9	99.8	29.9	45.1	37.4	33.3	37.6	41.7	73.4	16.6	162.3	151.5	-72.3	-61.5
水稻 Rice	CK	0.0	0	81.4	70.6	-81.4	-70.6	0	0	23.9	20.7	-23.9	-20.7	0	0	139.9	126.9	-139.9	-126.9
	F	210	0	149.3	132.4	60.7	77.6	75	0	43.4	39.2	31.6	35.8	120	0	229.5	210.9	-109.5	-90.9
	FM	210	0	162.0	148.0	48.0	62.0	75	0	48.7	43.3	26.3	31.7	120	0	232.8	214.5	-112.8	-94.5
周年 Annual rotation	CK	0	0	99.7	87.0	-99.7	-87.0	0	0	28.5	24.9	-28.5	-24.9	0	0	235.8	214.2	-235.8	-214.2
周年 Annual rotation	F	390	0	230.1	205.4	159.9	184.6	150	0	74.0	67.8	76.0	82.2	210	0	388.8	358.4	-178.8	-148.4
	FM	354	36	253.1	228.2	136.9	161.8	104.9	45.1	86.1	76.6	63.9	73.4	193.4	16.6	395.1	366.0	-185.1	-156.0

有机肥无机肥配施结合深耕提升稻油轮作系统生产力和养分利用效率

Organic-Inorganic Fertilization Application and Deep Tillage Enhance Productivity and Nutrient Use Efficiency in Rice-Rapeseed Rotations

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