中国农业科学 ›› 2025, Vol. 58 ›› Issue (13): 2604-2613.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2025.13.009

• 土壤肥料·节水灌溉·农业生态环境 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同植稻年限土壤酶活性及其化学计量特征

张鑫瑶1,2(), 王萍1, 刘亚龙1(), 汪景宽1   

  1. 1 沈阳农业大学土地与环境学院,沈阳 110866
    2 吉林省突发事件预警信息发布中心,长春 130062
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-10 接受日期:2025-03-18 出版日期:2025-07-01 发布日期:2025-07-05
  • 通信作者:
    刘亚龙,E-mail:
  • 联系方式: 张鑫瑶,E-mail:zhangxinyao280@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    辽宁省教育厅基本科研项目(JYTYB2024009)

Soil Enzyme Activities and Their Stoichiometry Under Prolonged Rice Cultivation

ZHANG XinYao1,2(), WANG Ping1, LIU YaLong1(), WANG JingKuan1   

  1. 1 College of Land and Environment, Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866
    2 Jilin Emergency Warning Information Dissemination Center, Changchun 130062
  • Received:2024-09-10 Accepted:2025-03-18 Published:2025-07-01 Online:2025-07-05

摘要:

【目的】 采用生态化学计量学方法评价水稻土中微生物生长代谢过程及土壤养分限制状况,为理解稻田生态系统养分循环提供依据。【方法】 以我国东部沿海地区1 000年的稻田土壤时间序列为研究对象,分析土壤酶活性及酶化学计量比随种植水稻年限的变化特征及其影响因素。【结果】 除蔗糖酶活性随植稻年限持续增加之外,参与土壤碳循环的4种酶(α-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶、β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶、β-木糖苷酶、纤维二糖水解酶)的活性在开垦植稻初期(50年)显著下降,之后显著上升并保持相对稳定。参与氮循环的脲酶同转化酶变化相似,而N-乙酰-β-氨基葡萄糖苷酶活性与多数碳循环相关的酶活性变化相似。土壤酶C﹕N计量比在土壤未开垦时(0年)最低,为1.28;而土壤酶C﹕P 和N﹕P计量比均在土壤未开垦时最高,分别为1.77和1.38。总体上土壤酶C﹕N和C﹕P计量比在所有植稻年限中均大于1,而土壤酶N﹕P计量比除了未开垦(0年)以外,均接近或小于1。【结论】 通过土壤酶活性比值及其向量长度和角度等化学计量综合分析可知,围垦之前的滩涂土壤微生物主要受碳的限制,而围垦之后植稻初期(50年)土壤微生物主要受磷的限制,随着植稻年限的增加土壤微生物又改为受氮的限制。研究结果可为理解稻田生态系统中微生物介导的生物地球化学循环机制,以及指导土壤养分管理和生态可持续发展提供理论依据。

关键词: 土壤酶, 酶化学计量, 水稻土, 时间序列, 土壤发育

Abstract:

【Objective】 The theoretical evaluation of ecological stoichiometry of soil microbial metabolism and soil nutrient restriction in paddy soil was carried out, so as to provide the support for understanding the nutrient cycle of rice ecosystem. 【Method】 In this study, a chronosequence of paddy soils with 1 000 years was collected and analyzed soil enzyme activity and enzyme stoichiometry ratio with prolonged rice cultivation and clarified the influencing factors. 【Result】 The invertase activity increased with the chronosequence, while the activities of α-1,4-glucosidase, β-1,4-glucosidase, β-D-cellobiohydrolase and β-1,4-xylosidase enzymes decreased significantly at the early stage of chronosequence (50 years), and then increased significantly and remained stable. The dynamic of urease was similar to invertase, while the activities of n-acetyl-β-glucosaminidase were similar to most of the enzymes concerned in the carbon cycle. The C:N ratio of soil enzymes was the lowest at 1.28 when the soil was not cultivated (0 year), while the C:P and N:P ratios of soil enzymes were the highest at 1.77 and 1.38 at the same time, respectively. Generally, the C:N and C:P ratios of soil enzymes were all greater than 1 in all rice-growing years, while the N﹕P ratio of soil enzymes was less than 1 except for the uncultivated soil (0 year). 【Conclusion】 According to the comprehensive stoichiometric analysis (soil enzyme activity ratio, vector length and angle) could be seen that the soil microorganisms in the marsh before reclamation were mainly limited by carbon, while the soil microorganisms in the early stage (50 years) of rice cultivation after reclamation were mainly limited by phosphorus, and with the chronosequence, the soil microorganisms were changed to be limited by nitrogen. The research results could provide a theoretical basis for understanding the biogeochemical cycling mechanisms mediated by microorganisms in paddy ecosystems, as well as guiding soil nutrient management and ecological sustainable development.

Key words: soil enzyme, enzyme stoichiometry, paddy soil, soil chronosequence, soil development