中国农业科学 ›› 2024, Vol. 57 ›› Issue (17): 3440-3457.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2024.17.010

• 园艺 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于表型性状与SSR标记的冬瓜、节瓜种质资源遗传多样性分析

翟彩娇(), 葛礼姣, 程玉静(), 仇亮, 王小秋, 刘水东   

  1. 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所,江苏南通 226012
  • 收稿日期:2024-01-25 接受日期:2024-07-22 出版日期:2024-09-01 发布日期:2024-09-04
  • 通信作者:
    程玉静,Tel:15896261709;E-mail:
  • 联系方式: 翟彩娇,Tel:15162769249;E-mail:szgszcj18@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    江苏省省级农业科技创新与推广补助专项(南通特色蔬菜志); 南通市科技创新智库项目(CXZK202304); 江苏沿江地区农业科学研究所学科建设基金(YJXK[2021]101)

Genetic Diversity Analysis of Wax Gourd and Chieh-Qua Germplasm Resources Based on Phenotypic Traits and SSR Markers

ZHAI CaiJiao(), GE LiJiao, CHENG YuJing(), QIU Liang, WANG XiaoQiu, LIU ShuiDong   

  1. Jiangsu Yanjiang Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Nantong 226012, Jiangsu
  • Received:2024-01-25 Accepted:2024-07-22 Published:2024-09-01 Online:2024-09-04

摘要:

【目的】分析冬瓜、节瓜种质的遗传多样性,构建综合评价体系,筛选优异种质,为冬瓜、节瓜种质创新和新品种选育提供理论支撑。【方法】以148份不同来源的冬瓜、节瓜种质为供试材料,利用28个表型性状和19对SSR标记进行遗传多样性分析。综合运用变异系数、Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、相关性分析、主成分分析结合隶属函数法、逐步回归和聚类分析等多元统计方法,对冬瓜、节瓜种质进行遗传多样性分析和综合评价。【结果】148份冬瓜、节瓜种质具有较高的表型遗传多样性,11个质量性状的遗传多样指数变幅为0.39(性型)—1.45(瓜形状),17个数量性状的遗传多样性指数变幅为1.89(首雄花节位)—2.09(叶柄长度),变异系数变幅为9.76%(种形指数)—63.95%(老瓜单瓜重),其中首雌花节位(42.32%)、老瓜纵径(42.95%)、瓜形指数(47.05%)、首雄花节位(47.48%)、老瓜单瓜重(63.95%)的变异系数均大于40%,进行遗传改良的潜力较大;主成分分析将18个主要表型性状转换为6个独立的综合指标,贡献率为 6.427%—29.605%,累计贡献率为81.236%;结合隶属函数值计算表型综合值(F值)鉴选出新西洲冬瓜 BR12(1.47)、兴蔬粉地龙冬瓜 BR25(1.14)等综合性状表现较好的优异种质;18个主要表型性状中有15个性状与F值极显著相关。利用逐步回归分析建立表型评价数学模型,筛选出9个表型综合评价指标。19对SSR标记在供试材料中扩增出的等位位点数2—6个,多态性信息含量的变幅为0.02—0.70,Shannon’s多样性指数变幅为0.06—1.48,148份冬瓜、节瓜种质具有较为丰富的遗传多样性,且节瓜群体的遗传多样性相对略高于冬瓜群体,个体内的遗传变异是导致冬瓜、节瓜整体遗传多样性的主要原因;基于表型性状和SSR分子标记的聚类分析分别将148份冬瓜、节瓜种质资源划分为6大类和3大类,两种方法的聚类结果均没有将冬瓜和节瓜聚成两大类,且与地理位置来源没有明显的相关性。【结论】148份冬瓜、节瓜种质表型性状遗传变异较为丰富,遗传多样性高;叶片长度、首雌花节位、老瓜纵径、老瓜肉厚、瓜梗长度、种子宽度、瓜面蜡粉、瓜形状和种子类型可以作为冬瓜、节瓜种质资源综合评价和亲本选择的关键指标;基于主要表型性状和SSR分子标记的聚类分析结果具有一定的一致性,聚类和群体划分与地理位置来源没有明显的相关性。

关键词: 冬瓜, 节瓜, 表型性状, SSR标记, 遗传多样性, 综合评价

Abstract:

【Objective】To analyze the genetic diversity of wax gourd and chieh-qua germplasm resources, this study constructed a comprehensive evaluation system of wax gourd and chieh-qua germplasm and screened out excellent wax gourd and chieh-qua germplasms, so as to provide the valuable theoretical support for the innovation and variety selection of wax gourd and chieh-qua germplasm.【Method】148 wax gourd and chieh-qua germplasms from different sources were used as the test materials, and then the genetic diversity analysis was conducted using 28 phenotypic traits and 19 pairs of SSR markers. A variety of multiple statistical methods, including variation coefficient, Shannon-Wiener genetic diversity index, correlation analysis, principal component analysis, subordinate function value analysis, stepwise regression analysis, and cluster analysis, were used to analyze the genetic diversity and comprehensively evaluate on wax gourd and chieh-qua germplasm resources.【Result】Wax gourd and chieh-qua germplasm resources exhibited high genetic diversity, with the genetic diversity index of the 11 qualitative traits ranging from 0.39 (Generotype) to 1.45 (Fruit shape), the genetic diversity index of the 17 quantitative traits ranging from 1.89 (First male flower node) to 2.09 (Petiole length), and the variation coefficients of the 17 quantitative traits ranging from 9.76% (Seed shape index) to 63.95% (Weight per fruit). The variation coefficients of the first female flower node (42.32%), fruit length (42.95%), fruit shape index (47.05%), first male flower node (47.48%) and weight per fruit (63.95%) were all greater than 40%, which showed great potential for genetic improvement. Principal component analysis showed that the 18 main phenotypic traits were integrated into 6 principal components, with contribution rates ranging from 6.427% to 29.605%, and the additive contributing rate came up to 81.236%. The phenotypic comprehensive evaluation F value calculated by subordinate function values analysis showed that the BR12 (1.47) and BR25 (1.14) had the best characteristics. 15 phenotypic traits were extremely significantly correlated with the F value. The mathematical model of phenotypic evaluation was established by stepwise regression analysis, and 9 phenotypic comprehensive evaluation indicators were screened out. The number of alleles amplified by 19 SSR primers in the population material ranged from 2 to 6, the variation range of polymorphic information was 0.02-0.70, the Shannon’s diversity index distribution range was 0.06-1.48, which showed that 148 wax gourd and chieh-qua germplasm resources had rich genetic diversity. The genetic diversity of chieh-qua population was slightly higher than that of wax gourd population, and the genetic variation within individuals was the main reason for the overall genetic diversity of wax gourd and chieh-qua. Based on the classification of phenotypic traits and molecular markers, 148 wax gourd and chieh-qua germplasm resources were divided into 6 categories and 3 categories, respectively.The clustering results of the two methods did not cluster wax gourd and chieh-qua resources into two categories, and there was no obvious correlation with geographical location.【Conclusion】148 wax gourd and chieh-qua germplasms resources had rich phenotypic genetic variation and high genetic diversity. The leaf length, first female flower node, fruit length, fruit thick, pedicle length, seed width, wax powder, fruit shape and seed type could be used as the key indicators for identifying wax gourd and chieh-qua germplasm resources. The clustering results based on the classification of main agronomic traits and molecular markers were consistent to some extent. There was no obvious correlation between the cluster and the geographical origin.

Key words: wax gourd, chieh-qua, phenotypic traits, SSR markers, genetic diversity, comprehensive evaluation