棉花苗期耐低磷种质筛选及耐低磷综合评价

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.21.002

中国农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (21): 4150-4162.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.21.002

• 作物遗传育种·种质资源·分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

棉花苗期耐低磷种质筛选及耐低磷综合评价

米热扎提江·喀由木¹(), 西尔艾力·吾麦尔江¹, 李晓曈¹, 王香茹¹, 贵会平¹, 张恒恒¹, 张西岭¹, 董强¹^,²(), 宋美珍¹^,²()

¹ 中国农业科学院棉花研究所/棉花生物育种与综合利用全国重点实验室，河南安阳 455000
² 中国农业科学院西部农业研究中心，新疆昌吉 831100

收稿日期:2023-04-18 接受日期:2023-06-02 出版日期:2023-11-01 发布日期:2023-11-06
通信作者:
董强，E-mail：dongqiang@caas.cn。
宋美珍，E-mail：songmzccri@163.com
联系方式: 米热扎提江·喀由木，E-mail：82101205083@caas.cn。
基金资助:
棉花生物学国家重点实验室自主课题(CB2021C10); 新疆生产建设兵团第六师科技项目(2202); 新疆生产建设兵团第一师阿拉尔市科技计划(2022NY09)

Screening of Low Phosphorus Tolerant Germplasm in Cotton at Seedling Stage and Comprehensive Evaluation of Low Phosphorus Tolerance

KAYOUMU MiReZhaTiJiang¹(), WUMAIERJIANG XiErAiLi¹, LI XiaoTong¹, WANG XiangRu¹, GUI HuiPing¹, ZHANG HengHeng¹, ZHANG XiLing¹, DONG Qiang¹^,²(), SONG MeiZhen¹^,²()

¹ Institute of Cotton, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Key Laboratory of Cotton Bio-Breeding and Integrated Utilization, Anyang 455000, Henan
² Western Agricultural Research Center of Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changji 831100, Xinjiang

Received:2023-04-18 Accepted:2023-06-02 Published:2023-11-01 Online:2023-11-06

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】建立棉花品种（系）耐低磷能力评价体系，筛选耐低磷型棉花种质和评价不同磷效率类型，为研究棉花耐低磷生理机制和挖掘耐低磷基因奠定基础。【方法】以来自国内外不同棉区的140份棉花品种（系）为材料，采用水培试验方法，在低磷（10 μmol·L^-1 KH₂PO₄）和正常磷（500 μmol·L^-1 KH₂PO₄）处理下，测定各棉花品种生物量、根系相关指标和磷效率相关指标等21个性状表征值，计算各指标耐低磷胁迫指数。利用综合隶属函数法，进行主成分分析、回归分析和聚类分析，对各棉花品种进行耐低磷能力的划分，综合评价各棉花品种耐低磷能力和磷效率类型。【结果】与正常磷处理相比，低磷处理下，供试棉花品种的总磷积累量、总磷含量、地上部干重和总干物重等指标的均值降幅较大，而根平均直径、比根面积、根尖数和磷素利用效率等指标的均值会有所上升；低磷处理下，各指标变异系数范围为6.04%—47.79%，比根尖密度、根尖数、比根长和根平均直径等根系指标变异系数较正常磷处理均提高，变异系数分别为47.49%、42.13%、40.19%和19.16%；对21个指标的耐低磷胁迫指数进行主成分分析，6个主成分的累计方差贡献率达77.21%，利用隶属函数法计算综合耐低磷综合评价值（D）；采用多元回归分析方法，建立D值回归方程，确定6个耐低磷性鉴定指标并进行系统聚类，将不同棉花品种（系）划分为耐低磷型、中间型、低磷敏感型3类。【结论】筛选出棕絮1号、鲁原343、LambrightGL-N、巴西014、南丹里湖大棉、苏远1028和gL2g13等品种为耐低磷型棉花品种，陕2812、FJA、孝2168和东兰那亭大花等品种的耐低磷能力较差，为低磷敏感型；确定总干物重、磷素利用效率、地下部鲜重、总根长、根系表面积和总磷积累量作为棉花耐低磷能力评价的指标。

关键词: 棉花, 耐低磷, 筛选指标, 综合评价, 磷效率

Abstract:

【Objective】To establish an evaluation system for low phosphorus tolerance in cotton varieties (lines), screen low phosphorus tolerant cotton germplasm and evaluate different types of phosphorus efficiency, and lay the foundation for studying the physiological mechanisms of low phosphorus tolerance in cotton and mining low phosphorus tolerance genes.【Method】Using 140 cotton cultivars (lines) from different cotton regions at home and abroad, 21 traits such as biomass, root-related indexes and phosphorus efficiency-related indexes were measured under low (10 μmol·L^-1 KH₂PO₄) and normal (500 μmol·L^-1 KH₂PO₄) phosphorus treatments in a hydroponic experiment. The index of low phosphorus stress tolerance was calculated for each index. Using the integrated affiliation function method, principal component analysis, regression analysis and cluster analysis were conducted to classify the low phosphorus tolerance of each cotton variety and to comprehensively evaluate the low phosphorus tolerance and phosphorus efficiency type of each cotton variety.【Result】Compared with the normal phosphorus treatment, the mean values of total phosphorus accumulation, total phosphorus content, aboveground dry weight and total dry matter weight of the tested cotton varieties decreased more under the low phosphorus treatment, while the mean values of root average diameter, specific root area, root tips number and phosphorus use efficiency increased. Under low phosphorus treatment, the coefficients of variation of each index ranged from 6.04% to 47.79%，the coefficients of variation of root indexes such as specific root tips density, root tips number, specific root length and root average diameter were higher than those of normal phosphorus treatment, and the coefficients of variation were 47.49%, 42.13%, 40.19% and 19.16%, respectively; the principal component analysis of the 21 indexes of low phosphorus stress tolerance showed that the cumulative variance contribution of the six principal components reached 77.21%, and the comprehensive low phosphorus tolerance value (D) was calculated using the affiliation function method. The D-value regression equation was established by multiple regression analysis to determine the six low phosphorus tolerance indices and perform systematic clustering to classify different cotton varieties (lines) into three categories: low phosphorus tolerant, intermediate and low phosphorus sensitive.【Conclusion】Total dry matter weight, phosphorus use efficiency, root fresh weight, total root length, root surface area and total phosphorus accumulation were identified as indicators for the evaluation of low phosphorus tolerance in cotton.

Key words: Gossypium hirsutum L., low phosphorus tolerance, screening index, comprehensive evaluation, phosphorus efficiency

米热扎提江·喀由木, 西尔艾力·吾麦尔江, 李晓曈, 王香茹, 贵会平, 张恒恒, 张西岭, 董强, 宋美珍. 棉花苗期耐低磷种质筛选及耐低磷综合评价[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(21): 4150-4162.

KAYOUMU MiReZhaTiJiang, WUMAIERJIANG XiErAiLi, LI XiaoTong, WANG XiangRu, GUI HuiPing, ZHANG HengHeng, ZHANG XiLing, DONG Qiang, SONG MeiZhen. Screening of Low Phosphorus Tolerant Germplasm in Cotton at Seedling Stage and Comprehensive Evaluation of Low Phosphorus Tolerance[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(21): 4150-4162.

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图/表 7

表1

2种磷处理下棉花各性状值及耐低磷系数"

性状 Trait	正常磷处理 Normal phosphorus			低磷处理 Low phosphorus			耐低磷系数 LP/CK (%)
性状 Trait	平均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV (%)	平均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV (%)	平均值 Mean	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV
地上部干重ADW (g)	1.70a	0.42	24.81	0.78b	0.18	22.73	48.31	15.54	32.18
地下部干重UDW (g)	0.18b	0.05	26.04	0.22a	0.05	26.69	113.11	41.44	36.64
总干物重TDW (g)	1.88a	0.43	22.90	0.97b	0.21	21.83	54.18	16.48	30.41
主根长TRL (cm)	22.47a	3.73	16.60	22.35a	4.20	18.80	100.71	17.70	17.58
根系表面积RSA (cm²)	212.26b	66.28	31.23	232.29a	71.12	30.62	117.70	50.29	42.73
根平均体积RVE (cm³)	3.01b	1.20	39.86	3.65a	1.17	32.08	136.27	62.30	45.71
总根长TRH (cm)	1226.80a	276.94	22.57	1137.91b	297.77	26.17	97.43	34.04	34.94
根平均直径RAD (mm)	0.55b	0.10	18.80	0.67a	0.13	19.16	123.50	29.60	23.96
比根长SRL (cm·g^-1)	7118.69a	2629.93	36.94	6224.08b	2501.58	40.19	97.60	48.44	49.64
比根面积SRA (cm·g^-2)	1225.44a	577.74	47.15	1254.15a	526.27	41.96	115.23	58.63	50.88
根组织密度RTD (g·cm^-3)	0.07a	0.03	37.89	0.06b	0.02	31.42	98.42	56.73	57.64
根尖数RTN	2182.75b	777.62	35.63	3358.09a	1414.90	42.13	174.14	99.47	57.12
比根尖密度SRTD (个/g)	12586.61b	5817.45	46.22	18046.52a	8623.77	47.79	169.34	105.26	62.16
地上部鲜重SFW (g)	11.87a	2.95	24.83	4.51b	1.12	24.94	40.00	12.94	32.34
地下部鲜重RFW (g)	2.19b	0.75	28.36	2.94a	0.55	25.26	87.86	28.36	32.28
根冠比R/S (%)	11.43b	3.55	31.02	25.78a	5.85	22.70	249.97	107.92	43.17
叶绿素相对含量SPAD	39.06a	1.48	3.80	36.92b	2.23	6.04	94.69	7.05	7.44
总磷含量TPC (mg·g^-1)	0.48a	0.08	17.15	0.07b	0.02	24.02	14.45	4.26	29.50
总磷积累量TPA (g·g^-1)	0.81a	0.24	29.61	0.05b	0.02	29.88	6.97	2.87	41.11
磷素利用效率PUE (g²·mg^-1)	3.68b	1.21	33.02	11.93a	3.15	26.38	354.81	140.05	39.47
磷素吸收效率PUtE (mg·g^-1)	2.15b	0.38	17.47	15.43a	2.59	16.77	737.33	174.98	23.73

表1

图1

表2

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表3

图3

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性状 Trait	主成分 Principal component
性状 Trait	因子1 PC1	因子2 PC2	因子3 PC3	因子4 PC4	因子5 PC5	因子6 PC6
地上部干重ADW	0.40	0.05	0.16	-0.14	0.07	-0.06
地下部干重UDW	0.27	-0.16	-0.35	0.17	-0.06	0.18
总干物重TDW	0.42	0.04	0.10	-0.10	0.05	-0.02
主根长TRL	0.12	0.15	-0.04	0.19	-0.15	-0.14
根系表面积RSA	0.11	0.35	-0.16	0.26	-0.24	-0.03
根平均体积RVE	0.09	0.34	-0.21	0.22	-0.24	0.04
总根长TRH	0.11	0.10	0.18	-0.12	-0.20	0.74
根平均直径RAD	0.00	0.00	0.04	0.01	-0.15	-0.17
比根长SRL	-0.17	0.19	0.36	-0.17	-0.13	0.39
比根面积SRA	-0.16	0.40	0.15	0.08	-0.13	-0.15
根组织密度RTD	0.12	-0.41	-0.08	-0.09	0.19	0.15
根尖数RTN	0.06	0.18	-0.06	0.36	0.58	0.22
地上部鲜重SFW	0.36	0.02	0.06	0.06	-0.03	0.00
比根尖密度SRTD	-0.14	0.25	0.17	0.25	0.55	0.08
地下部鲜重RFW	0.32	0.13	-0.03	0.14	-0.03	0.04
根冠比R/S	-0.06	-0.19	-0.45	0.24	-0.09	0.27
叶绿素相对含量SPAD	0.12	0.00	0.01	-0.11	0.13	-0.17
总磷含量TPC	0.02	-0.24	0.32	0.41	-0.15	-0.03
总磷积累量TPA	0.32	-0.12	0.33	0.16	-0.03	-0.05
磷素利用效率PUE	0.32	0.20	-0.07	-0.33	0.13	-0.05
磷素吸收效率PUtE	-0.02	0.27	-0.35	-0.37	0.12	0.04
方差贡献率 Variance contribution rate (%)	24.04	15.76	13.94	10.94	6.75	5.79
累计贡献率 Cumulative (%)	24.04	39.80	53.74	64.68	71.43	77.21

多元回归方程 Multiple regression equation	决定系数 R²	F值 F value	P值 P value
D=0.13+0.48X₁	0.56	357.79	≤0.001
D=0.12+0.46X₁+0.58X₂	0.65	325.65	≤0.001
D=0.11+0.44X₁+0.55X₂+0.36X₃	0.79	432.59	≤0.001
D=0.11+0.41X₁+0.51X₂+0.32X₃+0.23X₄	0.86	555.48	≤0.001
D=0.09+0.38X₁+0.49X₂+0.29X₃+0.20X₄+0.25X₅	0.91	574.91	≤0.001
D=0.08+0.34X₁+0.46X₂+0.27X₃+0.19X₄+0.23X₅+0.31X₆	0.99	596.43	≤0.001

棉花苗期耐低磷种质筛选及耐低磷综合评价

Screening of Low Phosphorus Tolerant Germplasm in Cotton at Seedling Stage and Comprehensive Evaluation of Low Phosphorus Tolerance

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