小麦穗长QTL鉴定及其遗传分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.24.002

中国农业科学 ›› 2023, Vol. 56 ›› Issue (24): 4814-4825.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.24.002

• 作物遗传育种・种质资源・分子遗传学 • 上一篇下一篇

小麦穗长QTL鉴定及其遗传分析

姚琦馥¹(), 周界光²(), 王健², 陈黄鑫², 杨瑶瑶², 刘倩², 闫磊², 王瑛², 周景忠³, 崔凤娟³, 蒋云⁴(), 马建²()

¹ 铜仁学院农林工程与规划学院/贵州省梵净山地区生物多样性保护与利用重点实验室，贵州铜仁 554300
² 四川农业大学小麦研究所，成都 611130
³ 通辽市农牧科学研究所，内蒙古通辽 028015
⁴ 四川省农业科学院生物技术核技术研究所，成都 610000

收稿日期:2023-08-11 接受日期:2023-10-10 出版日期:2023-12-16 发布日期:2023-12-21
通信作者:
蒋云，E-mail：m13438880787@163.com
马建，E-mail：jianma@sicau.edu.cn。
联系方式: 姚琦馥，E-mail：yaoqifu@126.com。周界光，E-mail：351062153@qq.com。姚琦馥和周界光为同等贡献作者。
基金资助:
贵州省科技计划基础研究项目(黔科合基础-ZK[2021]一般131); 铜仁市科技计划基础研究项目(铜市科研〔2023〕36号)

Identification and Genetic Analysis of QTL for Spike Length in Wheat

YAO QiFu¹(), ZHOU JieGuang²(), WANG Jian², CHEN HuangXin², YANG YaoYao², LIU Qian², YAN Lei², WANG Ying², ZHOU JingZhong³, CUI FengJuan³, JIANG Yun⁴(), MA Jian²()

¹ College of Agroforestry Engineering and Planning, Tongren University/Guizhou Key Laboratory of Biodiversity Conservation and Utilization in the Fanjing Mountain Region, Tongren 554300, Guizhou
² Triticeae Research Institute, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130
³ Tongliao Institute of Agriculture and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Tongliao 028015, Inner Mongolia
⁴ Institute of Biotechnology and Nuclear Technology Research, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610000

Received:2023-08-11 Accepted:2023-10-10 Published:2023-12-16 Online:2023-12-21

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】穗长在决定小麦穗的构造和产量潜力方面具有重要作用。挖掘具有育种利用价值的小麦穗长数量性状位点（quantitative trait loci，QTL），并解析其遗传效应，为分子标记辅助育种提供理论依据。【方法】以自然突变体msf和川农16构建的198份F₆代重组自交系（recombinant inbred lines，RIL）群体（MC群体）作为研究材料，于2020—2021和2021—2022年生长季，在四川温江区、崇州市和雅安市（2021WJ、2022WJ、2021CZ、2022CZ和2021YA）进行试验，对5个环境下的穗长进行表型鉴定。利用基于16K SNP芯片构建的高质量遗传连锁图谱对穗长性状位点进行定位。另外，根据穗长主效QTL侧翼标记的基因型分析主效位点对产量相关性状的遗传效应，从而评估其对产量提升的潜力。【结果】共鉴定到14个控制穗长发育的QTL，主要分布在1A（1个）、1B（1个）、2B（1个）、3D（3个）、4A（1个）、4D（2个）、5A（1个）、5B（1个）、7A（1个）、7B（1个）和7D（1个）染色体。其中，QSl.sau.1A在4个环境及最佳线性无偏预测（best linear unbiased prediction，BLUP）值中被检测到，可解释6.46%—20.12%的表型变异率，定位于1A染色体侧翼标记1A_1208254—1A_10060497间，被视为主效QTL。QSl.sau.1A的正效应位点来源于亲本msf。在多环境QTL分析结果中也检测到QSl.sau.1A，表明其受环境影响较小，为主效且稳定表达的QTL。QSl.sau.1A的效应在2个具有不同遗传背景的验证群体中得到进一步验证。除旗叶长无显著变化以外，携带QSl.sau.1A正效应位点株系的每穗籽粒数（12.68%）、每穗粒重（14.99%）、千粒重（5.79%）、旗叶宽（2.94%）和小穗数（1.48%）显著增加，花期（0.61%）显著提前，而株高（-6.47%）和有效分蘖数（-36.11%）显著减少。【结论】在1A染色体定位到1个主效且稳定的穗长位点。QSl.sau.1A正效应位点显著提高穗粒数、穗粒重、千粒重和小穗数，具有一定的育种价值。

关键词: 小麦, 16K SNP芯片, QTL, 穗长, 产量

Abstract:

【Objective】Spike length (SL) plays an important role in determining spike structure and yield potential of wheat. Quantitative trait loci (QTL) for spike length were excavated and their genetic effects were further analyzed to provide theoretical basis for molecular breeding. 【Method】This study consisted of a population of 198 F₆ recombinant inbred lines (RIL) derived from the cross between the natural mutant msf and the cultivar Chuannong 16 (MC population). The MC population and its parents were planted in five different environments including Wenjiang in 2021 and 2022 (2021WJ and 2022WJ); Chongzhou in 2021 and 2022 (2021CZ and 2022CZ); and Ya’an in 2021 (2021YA) for spike length measurement. The 16K SNP chip-based constructed high-quality and high-density genetic linkage maps were used to map QTL for spike length. Additionally, the genotype of the flanking markers for the major spike length QTL was used to analyze its genetic effect on yield-related traits and thus to evaluate its potentiality for yield improvement.【Result】A total of 14 QTL for spike length were identified and they were mainly distributed on chromosomes 1A (one), 1B (one), 2B (one), 3D (three), 4A (one), 4D (two), 5A (one), 5B (one), 7A (one), 7B (one), and 7D (one). Among them, QSl.sau.1A was detected in four environments and the best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) value, explained 6.46% to 20.12% of the phenotypic variation, and thus was regarded as a major QTL. The positive allele at QSl.sau.1A came from the parental line msf. QTL analysis across multiple environments also detected QSl.sau.1A, indicating it exhibits minimal environmental influence and represents a major and stably expressed QTL. The effect of QSl.sau.1A was successfully verified in two populations with different genetic backgrounds. Genetic effects analysis showed that the positive allele of QSl.sau.1A showed a significant effect on improving grain number per spike (12.68%), grain weight per spike (14.99%), 1000-grain weight (5.79%), flag leaf width (2.94%), spikelet number (1.48%), and flowering date (0.61%), and a significant effect of reducing plant height (-6.47%) and effective tiller number (-36.11%).【Conclusion】A major and stably expressed spike length QTL, QSl.sau.1A, was detected on chromosome 1A. Its positive allele significantly increased grain number per spike, grain weight per spike, thousand grain weight, and spikelet number per spike, indicating its great breeding value.

Key words: wheat, 16K SNP array, QTL, spike length, yield

姚琦馥, 周界光, 王健, 陈黄鑫, 杨瑶瑶, 刘倩, 闫磊, 王瑛, 周景忠, 崔凤娟, 蒋云, 马建. 小麦穗长QTL鉴定及其遗传分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(24): 4814-4825.

YAO QiFu, ZHOU JieGuang, WANG Jian, CHEN HuangXin, YANG YaoYao, LIU Qian, YAN Lei, WANG Ying, ZHOU JingZhong, CUI FengJuan, JIANG Yun, MA Jian. Identification and Genetic Analysis of QTL for Spike Length in Wheat[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(24): 4814-4825.

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性状 Trait	环境 Environment	亲本Parents		重组自交系RIL
性状 Trait	环境 Environment	msf	川农16 CN16	范围 Range	均值±标准差 Mean±SD	偏度 Skewness	峰度 Kurtosis
穗长 Spike length (cm)	2021WJ	14.33**	10.24	8.95-18.68	12.16±1.29	0.97	2.87
	2021CZ	9.84**	8.90	7.29-14.70	9.93±1.21	1.04	1.96
	2021YA	12.40^N	8.60	7.05-15.50	11.1±1.65	0.14	-0.19
	2022WJ	14.36**	9.74	8.03-16.59	11.47±1.35	0.52	0.71
	2022CZ	13.08**	10.68	8.17-16.95	11.76±1.50	0.19	-0.01
	BLUP	12.44	10.03	9.71-14.38	11.29±0.75	0.35	0.51

差异来源 Source	基因型 Genotype	环境 Environment	基因型×环境互作 G×E interaction	区组/环境 Block/E	误差 Error
自由度Degrees of freedom	197	4	734	5.00	905
均方Mean square	9.28	282.26	2.33	0.07	0.31
F临界值F value	29.73	903.66	7.46	0.23
P值P value	<0.001	<0.001	<0.001	0.95

性状 Trait	穗长 Spike length
株高Plant height	0.06
有效分蘖数Effective tiller number	-0.45**
小穗数Spikelet number per spike	0.43**
每穗籽粒数Kernel number per spike	0.64**
每穗粒重Kernel weight per spike	0.50**
千粒重Thousand kernel weight	-0.02
旗叶长Flag leaf length	0.04
旗叶宽Flag leaf width	0.11
开花期Flowering date	0.13

QTL	染色体 Chromosome	标记区间 Marker interval	位置 Position (cM)	环境 Environment	LOD	表型变异率 PVE (%)	加性效应 Addition effect
QSl.sau.1A	1A	1A_1208254-1A_39112087	0	2021CZ	3.06	6.46	0.31
	1A	1A_1208254-1A_3911208	0	2022CZ	6.77	11.70	0.49
	1A	1A_3911208-1A_10060497	1	2021WJ	8.42	13.06	0.51
	1A	1A_1208254-1A_3911208	0	2022WJ	11.44	20.12	0.59
	1A	1A_1208254-1A_3911208	0	BLUP	10.53	17.51	0.31
QSl.sau.1B	1B	1B_627919768-1B_643249550	50	2021WJ	2.60	3.90	-0.28
QSl.sau.2B	2B	2B_703728317-2B_712659058	209	2021WJ	4.18	6.23	0.35
QSl.sau.3D.1	3D	3D_604256246-3D_610079701	27	2021CZ	2.58	5.57	0.29
QSl.sau.3D.2	3D	3D_70735603-3D_84658486	56	2022CZ	3.49	6.09	0.35
QSl.sau.3D.3	3D	3D_345120579-3D_350582175	67	2022WJ	5.12	8.40	0.38
QSl.sau.3D.3	3D	3D_345120579-3D_350582175	67	BLUP	3.00	4.57	0.16
QSl.sau.4A	4A	4A_639942192-4A_679248111	31	2022CZ	4.38	7.52	0.39
QSl.sau.4A	4A	4A_639942192-4A_679248111	31	BLUP	4.45	7.07	0.20
QSl.sau.4D.1	4D	4D_10917137-4D_54598748	6	BLUP	2.59	6.08	-0.19
QSl.sau.4D.2	4D	4D_481390193-4D_484488681	54	2021YA	2.52	7.35	0.45
QSl.sau.5A	5A	5A_667964439-5A_671488533	29	2022WJ	2.75	4.36	0.27
QSl.sau.5B	5B	5B_541684640-5B_530691925	71	2021WJ	3.69	5.50	0.33
QSl.sau.7A	7A	7A_62032879-7A_67671869	48	2022WJ	3.73	6.06	-0.32
QSl.sau.7A	7A	7A_62032879-7A_67671869	48	2022CZ	3.51	5.90	-0.35
QSl.sau.7B	7B	7B_43849-7B_3090779	2	2022CZ	4.23	7.57	0.39
QSl.sau.7B	7B	7B_43849-7B_3090779	2	BLUP	3.02	4.90	0.17
QSl.sau.7D	7D	7D_70115592-7D_86750000	17	2021WJ	3.20	5.02	0.31

QTL	标记区间 Marker interval	阈值 LOD	LOD (A)	LOD (AbyE)	表型变异率 PVE (%)	PVE (A)	PVE (AbyE)	加性效应 Add
QSl.sau.1A	1A_1208254-1A_3911208	39.37	28.42	10.95	10.51	9.31	1.20	0.38
--	2A_53613442-2A_82027007	5.58	4.31	1.27	1.42	1.28	0.14	0.14
--	2A_564267619-2A_561241398	5.48	4.70	0.78	1.49	1.42	0.06	0.15
--	2A_605590450-2A_631788025	6.67	5.54	1.13	1.77	1.61	0.15	0.16
QSl.sau.4A	4A_639942192-4A_679248111	15.41	11.29	4.12	3.81	3.46	0.35	0.23
--	5A_470176289-5A_471914902	5.17	3.09	2.08	1.44	0.93	0.50	0.12
--	5A_512433953-5A_523864082	5.12	2.98	2.15	1.26	0.91	0.35	0.12
--	5A_691403852-5A_693635094	7.64	4.29	3.35	1.57	1.31	0.26	0.14
QSl.sau.7A	7A_62032879-7A_67671869	7.91	4.75	3.15	2.10	1.44	0.66	-0.15
QSl.sau.2B	2B_703728317-2B_712659058	6.06	3.78	2.29	1.52	1.16	0.37	0.14
--	5B_496582254-5B_505769526	6.31	2.99	3.32	1.40	0.86	0.54	0.12
QSl.sau.5B	5B_530691925-5B_547522719	5.17	3.23	1.94	1.40	0.99	0.42	0.13
QSl.sau.7B	7B_43849-7B_3090779	11.48	6.95	4.53	2.98	2.11	0.87	0.18
--	7B_90885206-7B_99090151	5.07	2.65	2.42	0.98	0.81	0.17	-0.11
QSl.sau.3D.2	3D_68039763-3D_70735603	9.99	5.94	4.04	2.49	1.84	0.65	0.17
QSl.sau.3D.3	3D_350582175-3D_352155972	6.73	2.59	4.14	1.94	0.79	1.15	0.11
QSl.sau.3D.1	3D_604256246-3D_610079701	8.57	6.68	1.89	2.24	2.02	0.21	0.18
--	5D_506205528-5D_483300147	5.92	2.67	3.25	1.47	0.77	0.70	-0.11
QSl.sau.7D	7D_70115592-7D_86750000	6.08	4.68	1.40	1.53	1.37	0.16	0.15
--	7D_91560930-7D_113753770	5.82	4.74	1.08	1.61	1.44	0.17	0.15

小麦穗长QTL鉴定及其遗传分析

Identification and Genetic Analysis of QTL for Spike Length in Wheat

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