PPR蛋白响应植物非生物胁迫的研究进展

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2023.24.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

非生物胁迫是造成全球粮食减产的主要因素之一。研究植物逆境相关蛋白的功能及应答机制，对于提高作物抗逆性具有重要意义。三角状五肽重复（PPR）蛋白属于高等植物中最大的核编码蛋白家族，因其包含高度特异性的PPR基序而得名。依据基序类型及其排列，PPR蛋白可分为P和PLS两类，PLS类蛋白又可以根据其羧基末端的结构域进一步分为PLS、E、E+、DYW等亚类。PPR蛋白广泛分布于陆生植物中，主要定位于叶绿体和线粒体，亦有少数定位于细胞核中。作为序列特异性RNA结合蛋白，PPR蛋白参与植物RNA加工的多个方面，包括RNA编辑、RNA剪接、RNA稳定和RNA翻译。PPR蛋白在植物的整个生命进程中发挥多种重要作用，但对其在植物抗逆性中的作用机制还不清楚。本文在总结已有报道的非生物胁迫相关PPR蛋白定位和功能的基础上，重点综述了PPR蛋白参与调控植物非生物胁迫的作用机制（包括转录后调控和逆行信号），并对其进行讨论。转录后调控与PPR蛋白参与RNA转录后的修饰作用有关，其一般被认为通过结合RNA并调节细胞器RNA代谢来调控逆境相关基因的表达，从而影响植物抗逆性。逆行信号方面，PPR蛋白的损伤导致线粒体或叶绿体功能受损，然后产生各类逆行信号（如ROS），进而调控相关基因表达，抵御逆境。然而，由于质体中的逆行信号会受到许多环境因素的影响，这些因素部分还未明确，导致PPR蛋白在逆行信号中的作用机制仍有很多问题有待阐明。此外，PPR蛋白存在一因多效性，部分蛋白在作用于抗逆性的同时，还会对植物的生长和生殖产生重要影响。最后，本文阐述了利用PPR蛋白作为RNA编辑工具的研究现状，探讨了目前PPR蛋白响应植物非生物胁迫方面尚待解决的问题及研究前景，提出了未来研究仍需关注的重点和难点，为深入研究PPR蛋白的功能和作物非生物胁迫抗性育种提供参考。

关键词: PPR蛋白, 植物, 非生物胁迫

Abstract:

Abiotic stress is one of the main factors causing global grain yield reduction. It is of great significance to study the function and response mechanisms of plant stress-related proteins to improve crop stress resistance. Pentatricopeptide repeat (PPR) proteins, belong to the largest family of nuclear coding proteins in higher plants and are named because they contain highly specific PPR motifs. Depending on motif type and arrangement, PPR proteins can be classified as P and PLS, and PLS proteins can be further classified as PLS, E, E+, DYW, and other subclasses based on their carboxyl-terminal domains. PPR proteins are widely distributed in terrestrial plants, mainly in chloroplasts and mitochondria, and a few in the nucleus. As sequence-specific RNA binding proteins, PPR proteins are involved in multiple aspects of plant RNA processing, including RNA editing, splicing, stabilization, and translation. PPR protein plays a variety of important roles in the whole life process of plants, but the mechanism of its action in plant stress resistance is not well understood. Based on the localization and function of PPR proteins related to abiotic stress reported, the mechanism of PPR proteins involved in regulation of abiotic stress, including post-transcriptional regulation and retrograde signaling, was reviewed and discussed in this paper. Post-transcriptional regulation is related to the role of PPR proteins in the modification of RNA after transcription. It is generally believed that PPR affects stress resistance in plants by regulating the expression of stress-related genes via binding RNA and by regulating the metabolism of organelle RNA. In terms of retrograde signaling, damage to PPR proteins can lead to impaired mitochondrial or chloroplast function, and then produce various retrograde signals (such as ROS), thereby regulating the expression of related genes and resisting adversity. However, since plastid signaling is affected by many environmental factors, some of which are still unclear, the mechanism of the PPR protein in retrograde signaling remains to be clarified. In addition, PPR proteins are pleiotropic and some have important effects on plant growth and reproduction while acting on stress resistance. Finally, this paper further analyzed the current research status of PPR protein as an RNA editing tool, discussed the remaining problems and research prospects of PPR protein in the direction of abiotic stress, and pointed out the key points and difficulties that need to be paid attention to in future research, to provide references for further research on PPR protein and crop abiotic stress resistance breeding.

Key words: PPR protein, plant, abiotic stress

李程, 路凯, 王才林, 张亚东. PPR蛋白响应植物非生物胁迫的研究进展[J]. 中国农业科学, 2023, 56(24): 4801-4813.

LI Cheng, LU Kai, WANG CaiLin, ZHANG YaDong. Research Progress of PPR Protein in Plant Abiotic Stress Response[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2023, 56(24): 4801-4813.

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蛋白 Protein	来源 Source	定位 Localization	功能 Function	参考文献 Reference
RARE1	拟南芥 Arabidopsis	叶绿体 Chloroplast	耐热 Heat resistance	[50]
SVR7	拟南芥 Arabidopsis	叶绿体 Chloroplast	光氧化 Photooxidation	[51]
GUN1	拟南芥 Arabidopsis	叶绿体 Chloroplast	蔗糖、ABA、光氧化、耐热 Sucrose, ABA, photooxidation, heat resistance	[52⇓⇓⇓⇓-57]
PPR40 PPR96	拟南芥 Arabidopsis	线粒体 Mitochondrion	盐、ABA、氧化应激 Salt, ABA, oxidative stress	[58] [65]
ABO5 ABO8 AHG11	拟南芥 Arabidopsis	线粒体 Mitochondrion	ABA	[59] [60] [62]
PGN	拟南芥 Arabidopsis	线粒体 Mitochondrion	ABA、葡萄糖、盐 ABA, glucose, salt	[61]
SLG1 POCO1 LOI1/MEF11	拟南芥 Arabidopsis	线粒体 Mitochondrion	ABA、干旱 ABA, drought	[63] [66] [67]
SLO2	拟南芥 Arabidopsis	线粒体 Mitochondrion	ABA、盐、干旱、渗透胁迫 ABA, salt, drought, osmotic stress	[64]
SOAR1	拟南芥 Arabidopsis	核质双定位 Nucleus and cytoplasm	ABA、干旱、盐、冷 ABA, drought, salt, cold	[68]
GEND1 PPR2	拟南芥 Arabidopsis	-	耐热 Heat resistance	[69] [70]
OsV4 TCD10	水稻 Oryza sativa	叶绿体 Chloroplast	低温 Low temperature	[72] [73]
WSL	水稻 Oryza sativa	叶绿体 Chloroplast	ABA、盐、糖 ABA, salt, sugar	[74]
PPS1	水稻 Oryza sativa	线粒体 Mitochondrion	盐、ABA Salt, ABA	[75]
OsNBL3	水稻 Oryza sativa	线粒体 Mitochondrion	盐 Salt	[76]
PPR035 PPR406	水稻 Oryza sativa	线粒体 Mitochondrion	干旱 Drought	[77]
OsSOAR1	水稻 Oryza sativa	-	盐 Salt	[78]
GmPPR4	大豆 Glycine max	-	干旱 Drought	[79]