关键词: 西兰花残体, 大丽轮枝菌, 棉花黄萎病, 细菌群落结构, 高通量测序, 生育时期

Abstract:

【Objective】The objective of this study is to research the effects of broccoli residues (BR) on cotton verticillium wilt and soil bacterial community structure at different growth stages, and to provide new ways and ideas for green ecological control of cotton verticillium wilt and reduction of chemical pesticides.【Method】In the field plot experiment, the soil planted with cotton was treated with broccoli residues and no broccoli residues (CK). The incidence dynamics of cotton verticillium wilt in different treatments were monitored at different growth stages. The number of DNA copies of Verticillium dahliae was determined by real-time quantitative PCR, and the structure of soil bacterial communities was measured by high-throughput sequencing (Illumina MiSeq). The effects of broccoli residues returning to soil on the quantity of pathogen and the community of soil bacteria were analyzed. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to explore the characteristics and rules of structural changes of soil bacterial community at the level of phylum and genus in different growth stages.【Result】The incidence and disease index of cotton verticillium wilt showed a downward trend after the return of broccoli residues to soil, respectively. Moreover, the peak period of verticillium wilt was delayed, and 70.77% control efficacy was achieved at the peak period. The development curve of disease index and time course of disease in the whole growth period was established, and the average control efficacy was 57.21%. Compared to the blank control, the number of DNA copies of V. dahliae was decreased by 10.96%, 11.11%, 25.95% and 11.25% at the 4 stages of cotton growing and non-growing season, respectively, after the return of broccoli residues to soil. Illumina MiSeq analysis showed that broccoli residues treatment significantly increased soil bacterial diversity. The richness index Chao1 was increased significantly at all growth stages, and the ACE index was significantly increased at the pre-sowing stage, flowering and boll stage and boll-opening stage. Compared to the blank control, the relative abundance of Actinobacteria was increased significantly at different growth stages after the return of broccoli residues to soil. Meanwhile, the results showed that there were differences in the composition of dominant microorganisms at different growth stages after the return of broccoli residues to soil. For example, Firmicutes increased to the dominant microflora at the pre-sowing stage and seedling stage, and Cyanobacteria became the dominant microflora at the bud stage and flowering and boll stage. Principal component analysis showed that broccoli residues to soil changed the structure of bacterial community at seedling stage, bud stage, flowering and boll stage and boll-opening stage. Further analysis showed that the relative abundance of Streptomyces and Bacillus was significantly increased after the return of broccoli residues to soil.【Conclusion】Broccoli residues returning to soil can effectively inhibit the occurrence of cotton verticillium wilt, reduce the number of DNA copies of V. dahliae in soil, change the structure of soil bacterial community, and increase the relative abundance of beneficial microorganisms, which is an effective green measure to control cotton verticillium wilt.

Key words: broccoli residues, Verticillium dahliae, cotton verticillium wilt, bacterial community structure, Illumina MiSeq, growth stage