籽瓜、黏籽和普通西瓜的果实代谢组比较

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.19.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】西瓜是一种广受欢迎的夏季水果,籽用西瓜（籽瓜）、黏籽西瓜和普通西瓜是3种重要的栽培类型,但对其果实中代谢物全面鉴定的研究很少,比较这3种西瓜果实的代谢组学差异,为明确驯化改良对不同类型西瓜代谢组的影响提供新见解。【方法】试验以5份籽用西瓜、5份黏籽西瓜和6份普通西瓜为材料,对成熟期果肉进行广泛靶向代谢组学检测,采用SIMCA-P、MetaboAnalyst 5.0、Origin等软件对代谢组数据进行分析。【结果】LC-MS分析共检测到323种代谢物,包括51种氨基酸及其衍生物、21种核苷酸及其衍生物、14种碳水化合物、32种有机酸、52种脂质、36种类黄酮、32种羟基肉桂酰衍生物等。PCA和聚类分析显示,籽用西瓜和黏籽西瓜的代谢组学轮廓差异较小,籽用西瓜的代谢组轮廓介于黏籽西瓜和普通西瓜之间。对分类贡献率较大的代谢物是蔗糖、柠檬酸、L-谷氨酸、L-苏氨酸、葫芦素类、香草酸糖苷异构体、脂质类等。聚类热图分析显示黏籽西瓜中特有的代谢物是葫芦素及其衍生物等,籽用西瓜中的绿原酸、LysoPE脂质类等化合物含量较高,普通西瓜中的糖类、精氨酸、阿魏酸及C18-2和C18-3不饱和脂肪酸等物质含量较高。比较分析共鉴定出156种差异代谢物,籽用西瓜与黏籽西瓜的主要差异代谢物有对香豆醛、阿魏酸、肉桂酸、蔗糖、葫芦素D O-葡萄糖苷、葫芦素E异构体、牡荆素、松柏醇等。籽用西瓜与普通西瓜的主要差异代谢物有脂质类、类黄酮类、有机酸类和糖类等。随着作物进化的程度增加,营养类代谢物质含量增加,抗性相关的代谢物质含量减少。【结论】籽用西瓜和黏籽西瓜的果实代谢组差异比籽用西瓜和普通西瓜的差异小,籽用西瓜的代谢轮廓介于黏籽西瓜和普通西瓜之间。除了表型和基因组差异外,代谢组差异也可以作为区分品种的重要依据。本研究首次在代谢组学水平比较了3种类型西瓜果实的差异,对深入理解西瓜种质资源,培育保健型西瓜新品种有重要的指导意义。

关键词: 黏籽西瓜, 籽用西瓜, 普通西瓜, 代谢组学, 差异代谢物, 驯化改良

Abstract:

【Objective】Watermelon is a very popular summer fruit. Citrullus mucosospermus (egusi), Citrullus lanatus var. megalospermus (edible seed watermelon) and Citrullus lanatus var. vulgaris (common dessert watermelon) are the three main cultivation types. The appearance and taste of their fruits are quite different, but there is no detailed report on the comprehensive fruit metabolome. In order to clarity the influence of selection on metabolomics in watermelon domestication and improvement processes, the metabolic profiling of three types of watermelon fruits was analyzed. 【Method】 In this study, 5 egusi watermelon, 5 edible seed watermelon and 6 common watermelon accessions were used for metabolomics profiling analysis by widely targeted metabolic profiling method based on liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The software SIMCA-P, MetaboAnalyst 5.0, and Origin were used to analyze the metabolomics data. 【Result】A total of 323 metabolites were detected, including 51 amino acids and their derivatives, 21 nucleotides and their derivatives, 14 carbohydrates, 32 organic acids, 52 lipids, 36 flavonoids, 32 hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives, etc. PCA and cluster analysis showed that the difference of metabolomics profile between egusi watermelon and edible seed watermelon was small, and the metabolomics profile of edible seed watermelon was between that of egusi watermelon and common watermelon. The major metabolites contributing to the classification were sucrose, citric acid, L-glutamic acid, L-threonine, cucurbitacin, vanillic acid glycoside isomers, lipids, and so on. Heatmap analysis showed that cucurbitacin and their derivatives were the unique metabolites in egusi watermelon. The contents of chlorogenic acid, LysoPE, etc. in edible seed watermelon were higher than those in egusi and common watermelon. The contents of carbohydrate, arginine, ferulic acid and C18-2 and C18-3 unsaturated fatty acids in common watermelon were higher than those in egusi and edible seed watermelon. There were 156 differentially accumulated metabolites, which were identified by comparison analysis. The main divergent metabolites between edible seed watermelon and egusi watermelon were p-coumaraldehyde, ferulic acid, cinnamic acid, sucrose, cucurbitacin D O-glucoside, cucurbitacin E isomer, vitexin, coniferyl alcohol, and so on. The main divergent metabolites between edible seed watermelon and common watermelon were lipids, flavonoids, organic acids, sugars, and others. With the development of crop evolution, the content of nutritious metabolites increased, whereas the content of resistance related metabolites decreased. 【Conclusion】The watermelon fruit metabolomics was reported for the first time based on widely targeted metabolic profiling method. The metabolomics difference between edible seed watermelon and egusi watermelon was smaller than that of edible seed watermelon and common watermelon, and the metabolic profile of edible seed watermelon lay between that of egusi watermelon and common watermelon. In addition to phenotypic and genomic differences, the differential metabolites could also be used as biomarkers to distinguish different varieties. The metabolomics data provided the new insight for complementary understanding watermelon germplasm resources and for metabolomics-based genetic improvement of functional watermelon.

Key words: Citrullus mucosospermus, Citrullus lanatus var. megalospermus, Citrullus lanatus var. vulgaris, metabolome, divergence metabolites, domestication and improvement

袁平丽,何楠,赵胜杰,路绪强,朱红菊,刁卫楠,龚成胜,MUHAMMAD Jawad Umer,刘文革. 籽瓜、黏籽和普通西瓜的果实代谢组比较[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(19): 4179-4195.

YUAN PingLi,HE Nan,ZHAO ShengJie,LU XuQiang,ZHU HongJu,DIAO WeiNan,GONG ChengSheng,MUHAMMAD Jawad Umer,LIU WenGe. Metabolomics Comparative Study on Fruits of Edible Seed Watermelon, Egusi and Common Watermelon[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(19): 4179-4195.

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链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.19.013

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2021/V54/I19/4179

图/表 10

表1

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图3

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表2

表3

籽用西瓜-黏籽西瓜的差异代谢物"

化合物名称 Compound name	变化倍数（籽瓜/黏籽） Fold change (Edible seed/Egusi)	VIP	物质分类 Classification of metabolites
6-甲基香豆素 6-MethylCoumarin	0.01	1.01	香豆素类 Coumarins
12,13-EODE	0.07	1.35	脂肪酸 Fatty acids
葫芦素D O-葡萄糖苷 Cucurbitacin D O-glucoside	0.07	1.21	三萜葫芦素Triterpenes-cucurbitacin
松柏醇 Coniferyl alcohol	0.09	1.33	羟基肉桂酰衍生物Hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives
芹菜素C-葡萄糖苷 Apigenin C-glucoside	0.11	1.14	黄酮C-糖苷 Flavone C-glycosides
牡荆素 Vitexin	0.11	1.13	黄酮C-糖苷 Flavone C-glycosides
牡荆素异构体 Vitexin isomer	0.12	1.11	黄酮C-糖苷 Flavone C-glycosides
异半皮桉苷 Isohemiphloin	0.12	1.13	生物碱Alkaloids
圣草素C-己糖苷Eriodictyol C-hexoside	0.12	1.17	黄酮C-糖苷 Flavone C-glycosides
异牡荆素 Isovitexin	0.13	1.12	黄酮C-糖苷 Flavone C-glycosides
梓苷异构体3 Catalposide isomer 3	0.13	1.58	萜烯 Terpene
烟酸甲酯 Nicotinic acid methyl ester	0.17	1.55	维生素 Vitamins
松柏醛 Coniferylaldehyde	0.19	1.37	羟基肉桂酰衍生物Hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives
9-KODE	0.22	1.45	脂肪酸 Fatty acids
葫芦素E异构体 Cucurbitacin E isomer	0.22	1.58	三萜葫芦素Triterpenes-cucurbitacin
松柏醛异构体 Coniferylaldehyde isomer	0.23	1.28	羟基肉桂酰衍生物Hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives
十八碳三烯酸 Punicic acid	0.24	1.49	脂肪酸Fatty acids
7-甲基黄嘌呤 7-Methylxanthine	0.24	1.57	核苷酸及其衍生物 Nucleotide and its derivates
O-阿魏酰蔗糖异构体3 O-feruloylsucrose isomer 3	0.24	1.13	羟基肉桂酰衍生物Hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives
2,5-二羟基苯甲酸邻己糖苷 2,5-dihydroxy benzoic acid O-hexside	0.25	1.06	苯甲酸衍生物 Benzoic acid derivatives
9-HOTrE	0.25	1.08	脂肪酸 Fatty acids
13-HpOTrE(r)	0.28	1.43	脂肪酸 Fatty acids
9-羟基-十八碳三烯酸9-Hydroxy-octadecatrienoic acid	0.33	1.57	脂肪酸 Fatty acids
金圣草素8-己糖苷 Chrysoeriol 8-C-hexoside	0.34	1.34	黄酮C-糖苷 Flavone C-glycosides
2-羟基异己二酸 2-Hydroxyisocaproic acid	0.35	1.56	有机酸 Organic acids
D-苏氨酸 D-Threose	0.35	1.11	碳水化合物 Carbohydrates
4-甲基-5-羟乙基噻唑 4-Methyl-5-thiazoleethanol	0.37	1.16	其他 Others
小麦黄素糖酸 Tricin O-saccharic acid	0.39	1.40	黄酮 Flavone
邻咖啡酰莽草酸 IO-Caffeoylshikimic acid I	0.39	1.07	羟基肉桂酰衍生物Hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives
香兰素 Vanillin	0.39	1.58	苯甲酸衍生物 Benzoic acid derivatives
5-甲氧基-N,N-二甲基色胺5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine	0.40	1.49	色胺衍生物 Tryptamine derivatives
2,3-二甲基丁二酸 2,3-dimethylsuccinic acid	0.41	1.43	氨基酸衍生物 Amino acid derivatives
异亮氨酸己糖苷异构体2 Isolariciresinol hexoside isomer 2	0.43	1.44	木脂素 Lignans
组氨酸 L-Histidine	0.43	1.09	氨基酸 Amino acids
D-吡喃葡萄糖酸盐 D-glucopyranuronate	0.44	1.68	碳水化合物 Carbohydrates
柠檬酸 Citric acid	0.45	1.05	有机酸 Organic acids
MAG（18:3）异构体4 MAG (18:3) isomer 4	0.46	1.39	甘油脂质 Glycerolipids
咖啡酰葡萄糖异构体1 Caffeoylhexose isomer 1	0.46	1.20	羟基肉桂酰衍生物Hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives
棕榈醛 Palmitaldehyde	0.47	1.38	脂肪酸 Fatty acids
D-半乳糖醛酸 D-Galacturonic acid	0.47	1.67	碳水化合物 Carbohydrates
2-羟基异己二酸异构体 2-Hydroxyisocaproic acid isomer	0.47	1.38	有机酸 Organic acids
MAG（18:3）异构体1 MAG (18:3) isomer 1	0.48	1.41	甘油脂质 Glycerolipids
阿魏酸己糖苷异构体1 Ferulic acid hexoside isomer 1	0.49	1.13	羟基肉桂酰衍生物Hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives
9-HpOTrE	0.49	1.10	脂肪酸 Fatty acids
金雀异黄素7-O-葡萄糖苷 Genistein 7-O-Glucoside	2.00	1.58	异黄酮 Isoflavone
氧化谷胱甘肽 Glutathione oxidized	2.02	1.44	氨基酸衍生物 Amino acid derivatives
氨基嘌呤 Aminopurine	2.05	1.17	其他 Others
2,3-氧化萘 2,3-Oxidosqualene	2.08	1.53	甾醇 Sterol
木犀草素7-O-葡萄糖苷 Luteolin 7-O-glucoside	2.10	1.04	黄酮 Flavone
LysoPC 16:0	2.13	1.72	甘油磷脂 Glycerophospholipids
蔗糖 Sucrose	2.19	1.50	碳水化合物 Carbohydrates
LysoPC 18:2（2n异构体） LysoPC 18:2 (2n isomer)	2.28	1.50	甘油磷脂 Glycerophospholipids
S-（5'-腺苷）-L-蛋氨酸S-(5'-Adenosyl)-L-methionine	2.29	1.38	氨基酸衍生物 Amino acid derivatives
烟酸腺嘌呤二核苷酸 Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide	2.32	1.35	核苷酸及其衍生物 Nucleotide and its derivates
LysoPE 16:0（2n异构体） LysoPE 16:0 (2n isomer)	2.41	1.63	甘油磷脂 Glycerophospholipids
胆固醇 Cholesterol	2.49	1.17	其他 Others
LysoPC 16:0（2n异构体） LysoPC 16:0 (2n isomer)	2.50	1.45	甘油磷脂 Glycerophospholipids
黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸 Flavin adenine dinucleotide (FAD)	2.51	1.68	核苷酸及其衍生物 Nucleotide and its derivates
LysoPE 16:0	2.60	1.65	甘油磷脂 Glycerophospholipids
LysoPC 17:0	2.61	1.64	甘油磷脂 Glycerophospholipids
LysoPC 16:1（2n异构体） LysoPC 16:1 (2n isomer)	2.65	1.33	甘油磷脂 Glycerophospholipids
还原型谷胱甘肽 Glutathione reduced form	2.73	1.65	氨基酸衍生物 Amino acid derivatives
L-精氨酸 L-Arginine	2.90	1.44	氨基酸 Amino acids
丁二醇乙酸酯 Butanedioldiacetate	2.90	1.43	有机酸 Organic acids
L-蛋氨酸 L-Methionine	2.98	1.40	氨基酸 Amino acids
LysoPC 18:0	3.15	1.55	甘油磷脂 Glycerophospholipids
LysoPC 16:2（2n异构体） LysoPC 16:2 (2n isomer)	3.28	1.63	甘油磷脂 Glycerophospholipids
MGMG（18:2）异构体1 MGMG (18:2) isomer 1	3.30	1.52	甘油脂质 Glycerolipids
MGMG（18:2）异构体2 MGMG (18:2) isomer 2	3.36	1.58	甘油脂质 Glycerolipids
3-羟基-4-甲氧基肉桂酸3-Hydroxy-4-methoxycinnamic acid	4.20	1.06	羟基肉桂酰衍生物Hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives
反式玉米素N-葡萄糖苷 Trans-zeatin N-glucoside	5.43	1.66	植物激素 Phytohormones
LysoPC 16:1	5.94	1.59	脂质甘油磷脂Lipids_Glycerophospholipids
肉桂酸 Cinnamic acid	6.22	1.05	羟基肉桂酰衍生物Hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives
阿魏酸 Ferulic acid	7.02	1.58	羟基肉桂酰衍生物Hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives
对香豆醛 p-Coumaraldehyde	7.51	1.06	羟基肉桂酰衍生物Hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives

表3

表4

籽用西瓜-普通西瓜的差异代谢物"

化合物名称 Compound name	变化倍数（普通/籽瓜） Fold change (Common/Edible seed)	VIP	分类 Classification of metabolites
LysoPC 14:0（2n异构体） LysoPC 14:0 (2n isomer)	0.05	1.19	甘油磷脂 Glycerophospholipids
原儿茶酸葡萄糖苷异构体2 Protocatechuic acid glucoside isomer 2	0.09	1.28	儿茶素衍生物 Catechin derivatives
LysoPC 16:2（2n异构体） LysoPC 16:2 (2n isomer)	0.12	1.71	甘油磷脂 Glycerophospholipids
LysoPC 18:3（2n异构体） LysoPC 18:3 (2n isomer)	0.13	1.70	甘油磷脂 Glycerophospholipids
金圣草素8-己糖苷 Chrysoeriol 8-C-hexoside	0.13	1.32	黄酮C-糖苷 Flavone C-glycosides
牡荆素异构体 Vitexin isomer	0.14	1.27	黄酮C-糖苷 Flavone C-glycosides
LysoPC 16:0（2n异构体） LysoPC 16:0 (2n isomer)	0.14	1.61	甘油磷脂 Glycerophospholipids
5-羟基吲哚-3-乙酸 5-Hydroxyindole-3-acetic acid	0.15	1.56	吲哚衍生物 Indole derivatives
维生素C Vitamin C	0.16	1.58	维生素 Vitamins
牡荆素 Vitexin	0.16	1.22	黄酮C-糖苷 Flavone C-glycosides
LysoPC 18:2（2n异构体） LysoPC 18:2 (2n isomer)	0.17	1.68	甘油磷脂Glycerophospholipids
异牡荆素 Isovitexin	0.17	1.22	黄酮C-糖苷 Flavone C-glycosides
黄柏红素F Phellodensin F	0.17	1.53	其他 Others
芹菜素C-葡萄糖苷 Apigenin C-glucoside	0.17	1.19	黄酮C-糖苷 Flavone C-glycosides
香兰素苷异构体2 Vanillic acid glycoside isomer 2	0.18	1.29	苯甲酸衍生物 Benzoic acid derivatives
异半皮桉苷 Isohemiphloin	0.19	1.28	生物碱Alkaloids
木犀草素C-己糖苷 Luteolin C-hexoside	0.19	1.31	黄酮C-糖苷 Flavone C-glycosides
2-O-戊糖基-6木犀草素 2-O-pentosyl-6-Chexosyl-luteolin	0.19	1.53	黄酮C-糖苷 Flavone C-glycosides
D-泛酸异构体 D-Pantothenic acid isomer	0.20	1.51	有机酸 Organic acids
木犀草素-O-己糖苷 Luteolin-O-hexoside	0.20	1.03	黄酮 Flavone
LysoPC 15:1	0.20	1.44	甘油磷脂 Glycerophospholipids
邻咖啡酰麦芽三糖 O-Caffeoyl maltotriose	0.21	1.23	羟基肉桂酰衍生物Hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives
木犀草素C-己糖苷 Luteolin C-hexoside isomer	0.21	1.31	黄酮C-糖苷 Flavone C-glycosides
枸橼苦素A异构体1 Citrusin A isomer 1	0.23	1.54	黄烷酮 Flavanone
3,4-二羟基苯乙酸 3,4-Dihydroxybenzeneacetic acid	0.23	1.58	有机酸 Organic acids
反式玉米素N-葡萄糖苷 Trans-zeatin N-glucoside	0.24	1.58	植物激素 Phytohormones
木犀草素6- C-葡萄糖苷 Luteolin 6-C-glucoside	0.24	1.04	黄酮C-糖苷 Flavone C-glycosides
小麦黄素糖酸 Tricin O-saccharic acid	0.24	1.55	黄酮 Flavone
7-甲基黄嘌呤 7-Methylxanthine	0.26	1.30	核苷酸及其衍生物 Nucleotide and its derivates
LysoPC 16:1（2n异构体） LysoPC 16:1 (2n isomer)	0.26	1.41	甘油磷脂 Glycerophospholipids
4-吡哆醇酸 4-Pyridoxic acid	0.27	1.60	嘧啶类衍生物 Pyridine derivatives
5-甲氧基-N,N-二甲基色胺5-Methoxy-N,N-dimethyltryptamine	0.27	1.54	色胺衍生物 Tryptamine derivatives
N-乙酰苏氨酸 N-Acetylthreonine	0.28	1.30	氨基酸衍生物 Amino acid derivatives
N2-甲基鸟苷 N2-methylguanosine	0.28	1.63	核苷酸及其衍生物 Nucleotide and its derivates
4-乙酰氨基丁酸 4-Acetamidobutyric acid	0.28	1.56	有机酸 Organic acids
二羟基葫芦二烯醇 Dihydroxy cucurbitadienol	0.29	1.38	三萜葫芦素Triterpenes-cucurbitacin
5-氧化脯氨酸 5-oxoproline	0.31	1.23	氨基酸衍生物 Amino acid derivatives
犬尿喹啉酸 Kynurenic acid	0.32	1.59	有机酸 Organic acids
L-哌可酸 L-Pipecolic acid	0.32	1.19	氨基酸衍生物 Amino acid derivatives
D-泛酸 D-Pantothenic acid	0.33	1.57	维生素 Vitamin
羟基丁酸乙酯己糖苷异构体1 Hydroxybutanoic acid ethylester-hexoside isomer 1	0.33	1.45	有机酸 Organic acids
异亮氨酸己糖苷异构体2 Isolariciresinol hexoside isomer 2	0.35	1.63	木脂素 Lignans
吲哚甲醛 Indole-3-carboxaldehyde	0.35	1.03	吲哚衍生物 Indole derivatives
对氨基苯甲酸盐 p-Aminobenzoate	0.36	1.45	苯甲酸衍生物 Benzoic acid derivatives
LysoPC 18:0	0.37	1.29	甘油磷脂 Glycerophospholipids
异亮氨酸己糖苷异构体1 Isolariciresinol hexoside isomer 1	0.37	1.20	木脂素 Lignans
圣草酚7-葡萄糖苷 Eriodictyol 7-glucoside	0.37	1.27	黄烷酮 Flavanone
LysoPE 16:0（2n异构体） LysoPE 16:0 (2n isomer)	0.37	1.51	甘油磷脂 Glycerophospholipids
LysoPC 17:0	0.37	1.55	甘油磷脂 Glycerophospholipids
犬尿喹啉酸异构体Kynurenic acid isomer	0.37	1.56	有机酸 Organic acids
对苯二酚葡萄糖醛酸盐Hydroquinone glucuronide	0.37	1.14	其他 Others
LysoPE 16:0	0.38	1.50	甘油磷脂 Glycerophospholipids
原儿茶酸葡萄糖苷异构体1 Protocatechuic acid glucoside isomer 1	0.38	1.22	儿茶素衍生物 Catechin derivatives
邻咖啡酰莽草酸I O-Caffeoylshikimic acid I	0.39	1.03	羟基肉桂酰衍生物Hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives
焦谷氨酸己糖苷异构体1 Pyroglutamic acid hexoside isomer 1	0.40	1.54	氨基酸衍生物 Amino acid derivatives
原儿茶酸O-葡萄糖苷 Protocatechuic acid O-glucoside	0.41	1.09	儿茶素衍生物 Catechin derivatives
龙胆酸-己糖苷体1 Gentisic acid- hexosideisomer 1	0.41	1.10	苯甲酸衍生物 Benzoic acid derivatives
8-甲基-2-氧代-4-苯基-2H-铬-7-基4-（己基氧基）苯甲酸酯 8-Methyl-2-oxo-4-phenyl-2H-chromen-7-yl 4-(hexyloxy)benzoate	0.41	1.29	苯甲酸衍生物 Benzoic acid derivatives
吲哚-5-羧酸 Indole-5-carboxylic acid	0.42	1.13	吲哚衍生物 Indole derivatives
LysoPC 16:1	0.42	1.24	甘油磷脂 Glycerophospholipids
圣草次甙 Eriodictyol rutinoside	0.43	1.01	黄烷酮 Flavanone
原儿茶酸 Protocatechuic acid	0.44	1.03	儿茶素衍生物 Catechin derivatives
甲酰苯胺 N'-Formylkynurenine	0.44	1.02	氨基酸衍生物 Amino acid derivatives
圣草素C-己糖苷 Eriodictyol C-hexoside	0.44	1.11	黄酮C-糖苷 Flavone C-glycosides
LysoPC 16:0	0.45	1.61	甘油磷脂 Glycerophospholipids
香兰素苷异构体1 Vanillic acid glycoside isomer 1	0.45	1.64	苯甲酸衍生物 Benzoic acid derivatives
LysoPC 18:3	0.48	1.58	甘油磷脂 Glycerophospholipids
LysoPC 18:2	0.48	1.17	甘油磷脂 Glycerophospholipids
S-（5'-腺苷）-L-蛋氨酸 S-(5'-Adenosyl)-L-methionine	0.49	1.18	氨基酸衍生物 Amino acid derivatives
（5-L-谷氨酰胺基）-L-氨基酸 (5-L-Glutamyl)-L-amino acid	0.49	1.34	氨基酸衍生物 Amino acid derivatives
烟酸腺嘌呤二核苷酸 Nicotinic acid adenine dinucleotide	2.02	1.30	核苷酸及其衍生物 Nucleotide and its derivates
4-（氨甲基）-5-（羟甲基）-2-甲基吡啶-3-醇4-(Aminomethyl)-5-(hydroxymethyl)-2-methylpyridin-3-ol	2.03	1.36	其他 Others
L-苏氨酸 L-Threonine	2.20	1.58	氨基酸 Amino acids
N-乙酰蛋氨酸 N-Acetylmethionine	2.32	1.09	氨基酸衍生物 Amino acid derivatives
S-（5'-腺苷）-L-同型半胱氨酸S-(5'-Adenosy)-L-homocysteine	2.62	1.01	氨基酸衍生物 Amino acid derivatives
吡哆醇 Pyridoxine	2.67	1.24	维生素 Vitamins
D-葡萄糖醛酸 D-Glucuronic acid	2.75	1.53	碳水化合物 Carbohydrates
LysoPC 18:1（2n异构体） LysoPC 18:1 (2n isomer)	2.87	1.11	甘油磷脂 Glycerophospholipids
柠檬酸 Citric acid	2.90	1.55	有机酸 Organic acids
柠檬酸异构体1 Citric acid isomer 1	2.95	1.47	有机酸 Organic acids
烟酸甲酯 Nicotinic Acid Methyl Ester	2.97	1.22	维生素 Vitamins
2-氨基己二酸 2-Aminoadipic acid (L-Homoglutamic acid)	3.09	1.22	氨基酸 Amino acids
MAG（18:3）异构体2 MAG (18:3) isomer2	3.13	1.10	甘油脂质 Glycerolipids
LysoPC 18:0（2n异构体） LysoPC 18:0 (2n isomer)	3.19	1.08	甘油磷脂 Glycerophospholipids
十八碳三烯酸 Punicic acid	3.21	1.44	脂肪酸 Fatty acids
L-精氨酸 L-Arginine	3.24	1.44	氨基酸 Amino acids
尿苷5′-二磷酸葡萄糖二钠盐 Uridine 5′-diphosphoglucose disodium salt hydrate	3.26	1.29	碳水化合物 Carbohydrates
UDP-α-D-葡萄糖 UDP-α-D-glucose	3.28	1.27	碳水化合物 Carbohydrates
尿苷5'-二磷酸-D-葡萄糖 Uridine 5'-diphospho-D-glucose	3.29	1.28	核苷酸及其衍生物 Nucleotide and its derivates
丁二醇乙酸酯 Butanedioldiacetate	3.30	1.39	有机酸 Organic acids
MAG（18:3）异构体3 MAG (18:3) isomer 3	3.38	1.01	甘油脂质 Glycerolipids
奎宁酸 Quinic acid	3.38	1.40	奎宁酸盐及其衍生物 Quinate and its derivatives
L-谷氨酸 L-Glutamic acid	3.43	1.56	氨基酸 Amino acids
13-HPODE	3.44	1.39	脂肪酸 Fatty acids
LysoPC 20:4	3.53	1.08	甘油磷脂 Glycerophospholipids
组氨酸2 L-Histidine 2	3.65	1.27	氨基酸 Amino acids and its derivatives
LysoPC 18:1	3.98	1.15	甘油磷脂 Glycerophospholipids
氧化谷胱甘肽2 Glutathione oxidized 2	4.23	1.47	氨基酸衍生物 Amino acids
MAG（18:3）异构体5 MAG (18:3) isomer 5	4.28	1.02	甘油脂质Glycerolipids
琥珀酸2 Succinic acid 2	4.34	1.31	有机酸 Organic acids
LysoPE18:1（2n异构体） LysoPE 18:1 (2n isomer)	4.60	1.11	甘油磷脂 Glycerophospholipids
组氨酸 L-Histidine	4.64	1.22	氨基酸 Amino acids
氧化谷胱甘肽 Glutathione oxidized	4.68	1.47	氨基酸衍生物 Amino acid derivatives
琥珀酸 Succinic acid	4.96	1.34	有机酸 Organic acids
DGMG（18:2）异构体3 DGMG (18:2) isomer 3	6.00	1.30	甘油脂质 Glycerolipids
DGMG（18:2）异构体1 DGMG (18:2) isomer 1	6.02	1.30	甘油脂质 Glycerolipids
蔗糖 Sucrose	6.89	1.59	碳水化合物 Carbohydrates
5-羟基己酸 5-hydroxyhexanoic acid	7.46	1.11	有机酸 Organic acids
3,4-二甲氧基肉桂酸 3,4-Dimethoxycinnamic acid	7.52	1.36	羟基肉桂酰衍生物Hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives
MGMG（18:2）异构体2 MGMG (18:2) isomer 2	7.89	1.36	甘油脂质 Glycerolipids
MGMG（18:2）异构体1 MGMG (18:2) isomer 1	8.40	1.38	甘油脂质 Glycerolipids
2-异丙基苹果酸 2-Isopropylmalate	10.14	1.11	有机酸 Organic acids
D-松三糖 D-Melezitose	10.43	1.09	碳水化合物 Carbohydrates
MAG（18:1）异构体2 MAG (18:1) isomer2	18.54	1.04	甘油脂质 Glycerolipids
对香豆酸苷异构体1 p-coumaric acid glucoside isomer 1	59.23	1.19	羟基肉桂酰衍生物Hydroxycinnamoyl derivatives

表4

图5

图6

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品种名称 Variety name	栽培类型 Cultivated type	果肉颜色 Flesh color	含糖量 Brix (%)	果肉 pH	果肉硬度 Flesh firmness (kg∙cm^-2)	皮厚 Rind thickness (cm)	果实重量 Fruit weight (kg)
桂引6号Guiyin No.6	普通西瓜 Common	红色 Red	12.00	5.50	1.05	1.0	3.20
红灯Hongdeng	普通西瓜 Common	红色 Red	10.50	5.56	0.80	1.0	2.40
91E7	普通西瓜 Common	红色 Red	10.50	5.56	1.10	0.8	3.20
郑州3号Zhengzhou No.3	普通西瓜 Common	红色 Red	10.50	5.46	0.90	1.1	3.80
黑崩筋Heibengjin	普通西瓜 Common	黄色Yellow	8.50	5.60	0.80	0.8	2.60
喇嘛瓜Lamagua	普通西瓜 Common	黄色Yellow	7.50	5.65	0.80	1.6	4.20
皋兰籽瓜Gaolanzigua	籽用西瓜 Edible seed	白色 White	4.50	4.80	5.12	1.1	3.00
廊坊籽瓜Langfangzigua	籽用西瓜 Edible seed	白色 White	4.50	4.78	5.00	1.2	3.30
磴口籽瓜Dengkouzigua	籽用西瓜 Edible seed	白色 White	5.00	4.69	5.01	1.6	3.36
郑州籽瓜Zhengzhouzigua	籽用西瓜 Edible seed	白色White	3.50	4.79	4.85	1.8	3.35
红瓜子Hongguazi	籽用西瓜 Edible seed	浅粉色Light pink	6.00	4.90	0.96	0.8	3.27
PI185636	黏籽西瓜 Egusi	白色 White	3.80	4.68	6.10	1.5	2.50
PI494532	黏籽西瓜 Egusi	白色 White	3.00	4.57	6.06	1.2	1.40
PI595203	黏籽西瓜 Egusi	白色 White	3.00	4.80	5.90	1.5	2.10
PI164248	黏籽西瓜 Egusi	白色 White	2.50	4.75	6.00	1.5	2.80
PI179240	黏籽西瓜 Egusi	白色 White	3.00	4.60	6.00	1.1	1.61

样品组 Combination	A	R²X (cum)	R²Y (cum)	Q²(cum)
黏籽西瓜-籽用西瓜 Egusi-Edible seed	1+4	0.700	1	0.923
籽用西瓜-普通西瓜 Edible seed-Common	1+4	0.664	1	0.970