增密对我国玉米产量-叶面积指数-光合速率的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.12.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】探究我国玉米增密过程中地上部群体结构和功能变化,为合理密植提供理论依据。【方法】本文共收集了82篇公开发表的学术论文,获得1 338组产量-密度数据,其中包括1 200组最大叶面积指数（LAI_max）-密度数据,475组穗位叶最大净光合速率（Pn_max）-密度数据。根据播种日期将总样本划分为春玉米和夏玉米2组,综合运用边界线分析和方程拟合等多种方法,对玉米产量、种植密度、光合速率三者之间的关系进行了分析。【结果】（1）我国玉米获得最高产量（11.5 t·hm^-2）时,种植密度为10.0×10⁴plants/hm²。获得最高产量时,春玉米和夏玉米种植密度相近,但春玉米产量较夏玉米高13.0%。（2）当密度达到11.0×10⁴plants/hm²时,LAI_max达到平台值,将不再随密度增加而增大。在LAI_max达到6.4时,可获得最高产量。春玉米LAI_max的平台值较夏玉米高17.6%。用对数函数分析穗位叶Pn_max-密度,穗位叶Pn_max-LAI_max的变化关系时,发现密度和LAI_max增大均导致Pn_max下降,在夏玉米表现尤为显著。（3）分析不同年代品种数据发现,随年代变化产量逐步提高,LAI_max和穗位叶Pn_max不断增大。【结论】增加种植密度是提高玉米产量的重要途径之一。随密度进一步增加,玉米叶片光合特性等发生改变,限制了产量的进一步提高。本研究定量综合分析了玉米产量、种植密度、最大叶面积指数、穗位叶光合速率之间的关系,对构建玉米密植高产高效生产系统具有重要意义。

关键词: 玉米, 密度, 产量, 最大叶面积指数, 净光合速率

Abstract:

【Objective】This study aimed to explore the change of the above-ground canopy structure and function together with increasing planting density of maize in China, so as to provide a theoretical basis for reasonable density in maize production.【Method】In this paper, a total of 82 publicly published academic articles were collected, and a total of 1 338 sets of yield-density data were obtained, including 1 200 sets of maximum leaf area index (LAI_max) -density data, and 475 sets of maximum leaf photosynthesis rate (Pn_max) -density data. According to the date of sowing, the total samples were divided into two groups: spring and summer maize. Comprehensive analysis of the relationship between maize yield, planting density and photosynthetic characteristics was carried out by using boundary line analysis and various curve fitting methods. 【Result】(1) The agronomic planting density in China was 100 000 plants/hm² for a maximum yield of 11.5 t·hm^-2. Although the optimal planting density of spring and summer maize was similar, the grain yield of spring maize was 13.0% higher than summer maize. (2) When the planting density reached 110 000 plants/hm², LAI_max no longer increased with planting density increasing. When LAI_max reached 6.4, the highest yield could be obtained. The platform value of LAI_max for spring maize was 17.6% higher than that for summer maize. The logarithmic function was used to analyze the relationship between LAI_max and density, as well as Pn_max and LAI_max, and the results showed Pn_maxdecreased with increasing density and LAI_max. (3) Grain yield, LAI_max and Pn_maxwere all significantly improved through analyzing the data of different varieties in recent decades. 【Conclusion】Increasing planting density was one of important ways to increase maize yield. When the density was out the rational range, the photosynthetic characteristics of leaf was altered, which limited yield improvement. Comprehensive analysis of quantitative relationships among maize yield, planting density, and photosynthetic characteristics of ear leaf was important to guide high-yield and high-efficiency maize system with high density.

Key words: maize, planting density, grain yield, leaf area index, net photosynthetic rate

侯佳敏,罗宁,王溯,孟庆锋,王璞. 增密对我国玉米产量-叶面积指数-光合速率的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(12): 2538-2546.

HOU JiaMin,LUO Ning,WANG Su,MENG QingFeng,WANG Pu. Effects of Increasing Planting Density on Grain Yield, Leaf Area Index and Photosynthetic Rate of Maize in China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(12): 2538-2546.

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链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.12.005

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2021/V54/I12/2538

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数据分类 Data classification	样本量 Sample number	均值 Mean value	标准差 Standard deviation	中位数 Median	临界值 Critical value
密度 Planting density (×10⁴plants/hm²)
样本总体 Total sample	1338	7.7	2.2	7.5	—
春玉米 Spring maize	589	7.8	2.2	7.5	9.9
夏玉米 Summer maize	749	7.6	2.1	7.5	9.9
产量 Grain yield ( t·hm^-2)
总体 Total	1338	10.4	2.6	10.3	—
春玉米 Spring maize	589	11.2	2.6	11.5	12.2
夏玉米 Summer maize	749	9.7	2.5	9.5	10.8
最大叶面积指数 LAI_max
总体 Total	1200	5	1.3	5	—
春玉米 Spring maize	491	5.1	1.3	5.1	8
夏玉米 Summer maize	709	4.9	1.3	5	6.8
最大净光合速率 Pn_max
总体 Total	475	30.9	5.5	31.1	—
春玉米 Spring maize	188	28.4	5.1	28.4	—
夏玉米 Summer maize	287	32.6	5.1	32.8	—

年代 Time	品种 Variety	参考文献 Reference	密度 Planting density (×10⁴plants/hm²)	产量 Grain yield (t·hm^-2)	最大叶面积指数 LAI_max (m²·m^-2)	最大净光合速率 Pn_max (μmol·m^-2·s^-1)
1950s	金皇后,小粒红,白马牙等 Jinhuanghou, Xiaolihong, Baimaya et al.	[4], [19]	5.6(5.25-6)	4.2(2.1-4.9)	—	16.9
1960s	沈单7号,丹玉13号,中单2号等 Shendan 7, Danyu 13, Zhongdan 2 et al.	[19], [20], [21]	5.2(3.5-6.75)	6.3(4.4-7.1)	4.7(4.6-4.7)	17.7(16-19.3)
1970s	群单105,郑单2号,烟三6号等 Qundan 105, Zhengdan 2, Yansan 6 et al.	[4], [19], [20], [22]	5.5(4.5-6.75)	6.3(4.5-7.2)	—	18.7
1980s	掖单2号,鲁玉3号,鲁玉5号等 Yedan 2, Luyu 3, Luyu 5 et al.	[19], [20], [21], [22]	5.3(3.5-6.75)	7.2(5.1-7.9)	5.1(5-5.3)	21.4(20.7-22)
1990s	本玉9号,吉单180,掖单13等 Benyu 9, Jidan 180, Yedan 13 et al.	[4], [19], [20], [22]	5.7(4.5-6.75)	8.4(4.7-10.3)	—	20.5
2000s	郑单958,农大108,掖单13号 Zhengdan 958, Nongda 108, Yedan 13 et al.	[19], [20], [21]	5.4(4.5-6.75)	9.8(7.5-10.9)	5.9(5.7-6.2)	23.1(22.1-24.1)