东北地区10份李种质资源果实香气成分分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.11.018

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】以东北地区10份李种质资源果实为供试材料,进行香气成分分析及特异香气成分精准鉴定,明确起主要贡献作用的李果实特异香气成分,筛选东北地区富含香气的优异李资源,为李香气高效育种和分子水平基础研究提供数据参考。【方法】应用顶空固相微萃取-气相色谱质谱联用技术,对李果实的香气成分进行测定,利用香气强度值（OAV）和主成分分析（PCA）对李果实中的特异香气成分进行鉴定和分析。【结果】10份李种质资源果实共检测出香气成分63种,其中,共有香气成分有9种,分别为右旋柠檬烯、(E)-2-己烯醛、(E)-2-辛烯醛、(E)-2-壬烯醛、癸醛、2-壬酮、2,6,6-三甲基-2-环己烯-1,4-二酮、2,4-二叔丁基苯酚、伞花烃。‘牡红甜李’‘绥棱红’‘跃进李’‘红干核’‘黄干核’‘幸运’‘大玫瑰’和‘四丰李’香气的主要种类为醛类,‘牛心李’和‘香蕉李’香气的主要种类为酯类。香气PCA结果表明,10份李资源可分为3类,‘牡红甜李’‘绥棱红’‘跃进李’‘红干核’‘黄干核’‘幸运’‘大玫瑰’和‘四丰李’为一类,‘香蕉李’和‘牛心李’各自为一类。香气OAV结果显示,10份李资源共有的特异香气成分是(E)-2-己烯醛和2-壬酮,‘牛心李’特有的特异香气成分是丁酸乙酯、癸酸乙酯和乙酸异戊酯,‘香蕉李’特有的特异香气成分是乙酸丁酯和丙酸己酯,‘牡红甜李’特有的特异香气成分是α-蒎烯,‘绥棱红’特有的特异香气成分是(E)-2-庚烯醛。【结论】β-紫罗酮是东北地区分布的‘牡红甜李’‘绥棱红’‘跃进李’‘红干核’‘黄干核’‘香蕉李’和‘四丰李’特有的特异香气成分。‘牡红甜李’‘牛心李’和‘香蕉李’特异香气成分丰富,为李优异香气资源。

关键词: 李, 香气成分, 主成分分析, 香气强度值, 特异香气成分

Abstract:

【Objective】In order to identify excellent plum resources with attractive aroma in Northeast China and to analyze the characteristic aromatic components for the plum fruits, ten plum germplasm resources from Northeast China were utilized to analyze their aromatic components and to identify characteristic aromatic components in their plum fruits, so as to provide reference for further molecular research and breeding application of plum aroma. 【Method】The aromatic components were determined using headspace solid phase microextraction coupled with gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-SPME-GC-MS). Odor-activity values (OAV) and principal component analysis (PCA) were used to identify and analyze the characteristic aromatic components in the plum fruits. 【Result】A total of 63 aromatic components were identified in these ten plums. Among them, nine common aromatic components were detected in each of the ten plums, including (E)-2-hexenal, (E)-2-octenal, (E)-2-nonenal, decanal, 2-nonanone, 2,6,6-trimethyl-2-cyclohexene-1,4-dione, 2,4-di-tert-butylphenol, p-cymene, and (+) dipentene. The main aromatic components of Muhongtianli, Suilinghong, Yuejinli, Hongganhe, Huangganhe, Fortune, Great Rose, and Sifengli were aldehydes, whereas the main aromatic components of Xiangjiaoli and Niuxinli were esters. The PCA results of aromatic components showed that ten plums could be divided into three groups: the first group consisted of seven plum resources, including Muhongtianli, Suilinghong, Yuejinli, Hongganhe, Huangganhe, Fortune, Great Rose, and Sifengli; the second group consisted of only one plum resources, Xiangjiaoli, the third group was composed of only one plum, Niuxinli. According to the results of OAV values, the common characteristic aromatic components in all ten plums were (E)-2-hexenal and 2-nonanone. Other characteristic aromatic components were also detected in these plums: the characteristic aromatic components which could be detected only in Niuxinli were ethyl butyrate, ethyl caprate and isoamyl acetate; the characteristic aromatic components detected only in Xiangjiaoli were butyl acetate and hexyl propionate; the characteristic aromatic component detected only in Muhongtianli was α-pinene; the characteristic aromatic component detected only in Suilinghong was (E)-2-heptenal. 【Conclusion】β-Ionone was a characteristic aromatic component that could be detected only in seven plums distributed in Northeast China, including Muhongtianli, Suilinghong, Yuejingli, Hongganhe, Huangganhe, Xiangjiaoli, and Sifengli. Among the ten plum resources studied here, Muhongtianli, Niuxinli, and Xiangjiaoli had rich characteristic aromatic components, providing excellent plum resources with aroma.

Key words: plum, aromatic components, principal component analysis, odor-activity values, characteristic aromatic components

王珊珊,赵晨辉,李红莲,张冰冰,梁英海,宋宏伟. 东北地区10份李种质资源果实香气成分分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2021, 54(11): 2476-2486.

WANG ShanShan,ZHAO ChenHui,LI HongLian,ZHANG BingBing,LIANG YingHai,SONG HongWei. Analysis of Fruit Aromatic Components of Ten Plum Germplasm Resources in Northeast China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2021, 54(11): 2476-2486.

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名称 Name	种名 Species	树龄 Tree age (year)	开花至采收时间 Flowering to harvesting time (d)	单果重 Single fruit weight (g)	果皮底色 Ground color of peel	果皮盖色 Over color of peel	果肉色泽 Flesh color	可溶性固形物 Soluble solids contents (%)	可溶性糖 Soluble sugar (%)	可滴定酸 Titratable acidity (%)	抗坏血酸 Ascorbic acid (mg/100 g)
大玫瑰 Great Rose	欧洲李 P. domestica L.	7	132	53.32	绿黄色 Green yellow	紫黑色 Purple black	橙黄色 Orange	14.74	12.23	1.23	16.88
牛心李 Niuxinli	美洲李 P. americana. Marsh.	7	95	55.32	黄色 Yellow	紫红色 Purple red	黄色 Yellow	12.80	6.60	1.33	32.00
幸运 Fortune	中国李 P. salicina Lindl.	7	125	77.13	黄色 Yellow	紫红色 Purple red	黄色 Yellow	11.05	10.42	1.63	31.47
牡红甜李 Muhongtianli	中国李 P. salicina Lindl.	7	92	51.96	黄色 Yellow	红色 Red	黄色 Yellow	10.22	10.29	1.18	15.23
绥棱红 Suilinghong	中国李 P. salicina Lindl.	7	87	33.62	黄色 Yellow	红色 Red	黄色 Yellow	13.52	10.06	1.07	20.40
跃进李 Yuejinli	中国李 P. salicina Lindl.	7	103	27.62	黄绿色 Yellow green	红色 Red	黄色 Yellow	15.10	11.73	1.94	21.76
红干核 Hongganhe	中国李 P. salicina Lindl.	7	101	32.06	黄色 Yellow	红色 Red	黄色 Yellow	14.80	10.81	1.81	27.64
黄干核 Huangganhe	中国李 P. salicina Lindl.	7	100	24.91	黄色 Yellow	粉红色 Pink	黄色 Yellow	13.70	10.18	1.77	40.54
香蕉李 Xiangjiaoli	乌苏里李 P. ussuriensis Kov. et Kost.	7	103	18.18	黄色 Yellow	无 None	黄色 Yellow	15.90	10.11	1.71	20.24
四丰李 Sifengli	乌苏里李 P. ussuriensis Kov. et Kost.	7	105	16.52	黄色 Yellow	无 None	黄色 Yellow	13.53	8.42	2.35	30.46