中国农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (10): 2229-2238.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.10.018

• 专题:幼龄反刍动物营养研究 • 上一篇    下一篇

日粮添加肉桂醛对奶牛公犊生长、健康及瘤胃发酵性能的影响

杨云燕1(),王其炎1,彭地纬3,潘一帆3,高晓梅1,宣泽义2,陈少梅2,邹彩霞1,曹艳红2(),林波1()   

  1. 1广西大学动物科学技术学院,南宁 530004
    2广西壮族自治区畜牧研究所,广西家畜遗传改良重点实验室,南宁 530001
    3湖南普菲克生物科技有限公司,长沙 410011
  • 收稿日期:2020-07-26 接受日期:2020-12-21 出版日期:2021-05-16 发布日期:2021-05-24
  • 通讯作者: 曹艳红,林波
  • 作者简介:杨云燕,E-mail: 1178413798@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(31760676);广西科技重大专项(桂科AA18118041);广西家畜遗传改良重点实验室课题(2020GXKLLGI-02)

Effects of Cinnamaldehyde on Growth Performance,Health Status, Rumen Fermentation and Microflora of Dairy Calves

YANG YunYan1(),WANG QiYan1,PENG DiWei3,PAN YiFan3,GAO XiaoMei1,XUAN ZeYi2,CHEN ShaoMei2,ZOU CaiXia1,CAO YanHong2(),LIN Bo1()   

  1. 1College of Animal Sciences, Guangxi University, Nanning 530004
    2Institute of Animal Husbandry of Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region, Guangxi Key Laboratory of Livestock Genetic Improvement
    3Hunan PuFeiKe Biological Technology Co.Ltd, Changsha 410011
  • Received:2020-07-26 Accepted:2020-12-21 Online:2021-05-16 Published:2021-05-24
  • Contact: YanHong CAO,Bo LIN

摘要:

【目的】在犊牛开食料中添加肉桂醛,研究其对早期奶牛公犊生长性能、健康、瘤胃发酵及微生物区系的影响,为肉桂醛在早期犊牛的培育应用提供理论依据。【方法】试验选24头出生2周龄、体重相接近,健康状况良好的荷斯坦奶牛公犊,分为对照组和试验组,每组3个重复,每个重复4头,对照组饲喂基础开食料,试验组在开食料中添加0.3%含油率为15%的包被肉桂醛。哺乳期预饲期6 d,正饲期27 d,两组饲喂等量牛奶,开食料及燕麦草自由采食,断奶日通过胃管采集瘤胃液;断奶后全部动物按照相同饲养管理方式继续饲喂51 d,试验末通过胃管采集瘤胃液。试验期的两个阶段均测定奶牛公犊采食量,生长性能、体尺指标、粪便评分和瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸指标,并基于16SrDNA基因高通量测序法对奶牛公犊瘤胃细菌区系测定分析。【结果】1)在采食量和生长性能方面,犊牛哺乳阶段、断奶后以及试验全期,试验组的平均日增重、干物质采食量、料重比等指标与对照组差异不显著(P>0.05),试验组与对照组在体尺指标中各阶段差异不显著(P>0.05);2)在犊牛健康方面,试验组犊牛腹泻率均低于对照组,但与对照组腹泻率差异不显著(P>0.05);3)在瘤胃发酵指标方面,断奶日试验组各挥发性脂肪酸的含量均低于对照组,但差异不显著(P>0.05);试验末试验组乙酸、丙酸、丁酸、戊酸和总挥发性脂肪酸极显著高于对照组(P<0.01);4) 试验末,肉桂醛显著提高了瘤胃香农多样性指数,降低了辛普森指数;在门水平上降低了Bacteroidetes菌群丰度,提高了FirmicutesActinobacteria丰度;在属水平上仅提高了Prevotella丰度。【结论】通过开食料对犊牛补饲0.3%含油率为15%的包被肉桂醛对哺乳期及断奶后的生长性能没有影响,但降低了腹泻率,显著提高了断奶犊牛瘤胃挥发性脂肪酸浓度并降低了乙酸/丙酸比例,提高了瘤胃细菌菌群多样性和FirmicutesPrevotella菌丰度,表明日粮中添加0.3%的包被肉桂醛对犊牛生长性能无负作用,但可改变瘤胃微生物区系并调控瘤胃发酵模式。

关键词: 肉桂醛, 生长性能, 腹泻, 瘤胃发酵, 奶牛公犊

Abstract:

【Objective】this study was conducted to research effects of addition of cinnamaldehyde in calf starter on growth performance, health status, rumen fermentation and microflora of calves, so as to provide theoretical basis for applying cinnamaldehyde in calf cultivation. 【Method】Twenty-four healthy Holstein male calves at the age of around 15 days, with similar body weight, were selected, and were divided into control group and experiment group, with three replicates in each group and four calve in each replicate. The control group were fed basic starter, while starter of experimental group was added with 0.3% encapsulated cinnamaldehyde which contained 15% effective cinnamaldehyde. The weaning period contained 6 pre-trail period, and 27 days of formal trail period, both groups were fed same amount of milk, the starter and orts grass were given at libtium, and the ruminal fluid was taken by stomach tube at the end of weaning period. After weaned, the animals were kept for another 51 days with same feeding management mode, the ruminal fluid was taken at the end of the experiment. The feed intake, growth performance, body measurement, fence score and ruminal volatile fatty acids concentrations were measured during the two phase of the experiment, and the ruminal bacterial community composition was measured based on 16SrDNA gene high through put sequencing. 【Result】The results showed that: (1) In terms of feed intake and growth performance, there were no difference in average daily gain, dry matter intake and feed efficiency between experiment and control group at pre-weaning, post-weaning stage and whole experiment period (P>0.05), there were no differences in body measurements parameters between experiment and control group as well (P>0.05); 2) In terms of calf health status, the diarrhea rate of the experimental group was lower than that of the control group, but was not significant (P>0.05). 3) For the rumen fermentation parameters, the concentration of volatile fatty acids of rumen fluid in the experimental group on weaning day was tend to lower than that in the control group (P>0.05). At the end of the experiment, the concentration of volatile fatty acids, including acetate, propionate, butyrate and valerate of experimental group was significantly higher, while acetate/propionate ratio lower than that of control group (P<0.01); 4) At the end of experiment, cinnamaldehyde supplementation increased ruminal bacteria Shannon diversity index, decreased Simpson diversity index; addition of cinnamaldehyde increased abundance of Firmicutes and Actinobacteria at phylum and prevotella at genus level (P<0.01). 【Conclusion】The results showed that addition of 0.3% encapsulated cinnamaldehyde which contained 15% effective cinnamaldehyde had no influence on growth performance, but decreased diarrhea rate, increased ruminal volatile fatty acids concentration and decreased acetate/propionate ratio, increased ruminal bacterial community diversity, and abundance of Firmicutes and Prevotella, indicated addition of high amount of cinnamaldehyde had no adverse effects on calf growth performance, but changed ruminal bacterial community composition and ruminal fermentation mode.

Key words: cinnamaldehyde, growth performance, diarrhea, rumen fermentation, dairy calves