中国农业科学 ›› 2021, Vol. 54 ›› Issue (7): 1301-1321.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2021.07.001

• 综述 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国特色水稻栽培学发展与展望

张洪程(),胡雅杰,杨建昌,戴其根,霍中洋,许轲,魏海燕,高辉,郭保卫,邢志鹏,胡群   

  1. 扬州大学/江苏省作物栽培生理重点实验室/江苏省粮食作物现代产业技术协同创新中心/江苏省优质粳稻产业工程研究中心,江苏扬州 225009
  • 收稿日期:2021-01-17 接受日期:2021-02-01 出版日期:2021-04-01 发布日期:2021-04-22
  • 通讯作者: 张洪程
  • 作者简介:张洪程,E-mail: hczhang@yzu.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家水稻产业技术体系项目(CARS-01-27);江苏水稻产业技术体系项目(JATS[2020]432);江苏省高校优势学科建设工程资助项目

Development and Prospect of Rice Cultivation in China

ZHANG HongCheng(),HU YaJie,YANG JianChang,DAI QiGen,HUO ZhongYang,XU Ke,WEI HaiYan,GAO Hui,GUO BaoWei,XING ZhiPeng,HU Qun   

  1. Yangzhou University/Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Crop Cultivation and Physiology/Jiangsu Co-Innovation Center for Modern Production Technology of Grain Crops/Jiangsu Industrial Engineering Research Center of High Quality Japonica Rice, Yangzhou 225009, Jiangsu
  • Received:2021-01-17 Accepted:2021-02-01 Online:2021-04-01 Published:2021-04-22
  • Contact: HongCheng ZHANG

摘要:

水稻是我国最重要口粮作物,在保障国家粮食安全中具有举足轻重的作用。当前,我国水稻生产正面临由传统小规模生产向机械化、智能化、标准化和集约化的现代规模化生产方式转变,在此重要历史节点,回顾总结70年中国特色水稻栽培学发展历程与科技成就,对探索未来水稻栽培科技发展方向具有重要意义。70年来,我国水稻栽培科技界抓住水稻不同主产区大面积生产问题与关键技术瓶颈,深入开展水稻生长发育和产量、品质形成规律及其与环境条件、栽培措施等方面关系的研究,探索水稻生育调控、栽培优化决策和栽培管理等新途径与新方法,取得了一大批在生产上大面积应用的重要栽培技术和理论,形成了一批重大栽培科技成果。笔者着重从叶龄模式栽培理论及技术、群体质量及其调控、精确定量栽培、轻简化栽培、机械化栽培、超高产栽培、优质栽培、绿色栽培、逆境栽培和区域化栽培等十个方面阐述了改革开放以来中国水稻栽培取得的主要科技成就,并指出了未来中国水稻栽培创新发展的重要方向:一是加强水稻绿色优质丰产协调规律与广适性栽培技术研究;二是加强多元专用稻优质栽培研究;三是加强水稻超高产提质协同规律及实用栽培研究;四是加强直播稻、再生稻稳定丰产优质机械化栽培研究;五是加强水稻智能化、无人化栽培研究。

关键词: 水稻, 栽培, 特色, 科技成就, 发展方向

Abstract:

Rice is the most important food crop in China, and plays an important role in ensuring national food security. At present, the transformation of the traditional small-scale production to rice production mechanization, intelligent, standardization and modern large-scale production with the intensification are faced. In this important historical node, this review summarized the development of rice cultivation with Chinese characteristics and the main scientific and technological achievements in nearly 70 years, and explored the future of rice cultivation technology development direction is of great significance. Over the past 70 years, the rice agronomist hold the bottleneck problem and key cultivation technology in the large-scale production, and researched the law of rice growth and yield and quality formation and its relationship with environmental conditions and cultivation measures, and explored rice growth regulation, culture optimization decision and some new methods of cultivation and management. A large number of widespread application cultivation technique and theory and its achievements had obtained in nearly 70 years. Ten mainly aspects of rice cultivation scientific and technological achievements were emphatically expounded in China since the reform and opening up, such as rice leaf age model cultivation theory and technology, population quality cultivation and its control, accurate quantitative cultivation, light simplified cultivation, mechanized cultivation, super-high-yield cultivation, high quality cultivation, green cultivation and adversity cultivation, regional cultivation. And the important direction of development of the future Chinese rice cultivation and innovation was pointed out: (1) To strengthen the coordination of rice green, high quality and high yield and extensive cultivation research; (2) To strengthen the research on high quality cultivation of multi-purpose rice; (3) To strengthen the research on synergistic rules and practical cultivation of super high yield and quality improvement of rice; (4) To strengthen the research on the mechanized cultivation of direct seeding rice and reproducing rice with high yield and high quality; (5) To strengthen the intelligent and unmanned cultivation of rice.

Key words: rice, cultivation, characteristic, scientific and technological achievements, development direction