中国大田作物栽培学前沿与创新方向探讨

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2022.22.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

我国粮食18年连续增产，持续7年保持在6.5亿吨以上高位。但我国人均农业资源少、作物生产成本高且面临从农劳力锐减和粮食进口量不断增加等诸多严峻挑战。因此，迫切需要深入探讨粮食生产科技前沿问题，并针对性寻求切实可行的创新发展方向。本文重点分析了国内外大田作物栽培领域科技前沿及其发展现状与趋势，根据我国当前大田作物生产存在的突出问题，阐述了我国大田作物优质丰产高效协同栽培、固碳节能减排绿色栽培、“无人化”智慧栽培三方面的重大科技需求，针对性指出了我国大田作物优质丰产高效协同栽培、固碳节能减排绿色栽培和“无人化”智慧栽培三方面重点科技突破方向与路径。最后，从政策顶层设计与有效投入、加强基础理论和关键技术及实用产品研发、强化复合型人才培养等方面，提出了我国大田作物栽培领域科技创新的措施及建议。未来大田作物栽培必须要通过优质丰产高效协同栽培，持续提高粮食产量前提下显著提升谷物品质与种植效益，通过以绿色为“底色”的节本增效栽培，实现显著减少物质投入和资源高效利用，通过农艺农机智能多方面融合创新，构建“无人化”智慧栽培，大幅度减少劳动力投入，有效提高规模生产效益，从而实现中国式的大田作物生产现代化，达到确保粮食安全与农产品有效的供给。

关键词: 作物栽培, 科技前沿, 创新方向, 发展建议

Abstract:

China’s total grain output has exceeded 650 million tons since seven years ago, with the great achievement of ever-increased grain output for 18 consecutive years. However, China’s cereal production is facing many severe challenges, such as the shortage of agricultural resources per capita, higher cost for crop production per hectare, sharp decrease of labor population and progressively increase of grain import. Therefore, it is necessary to discuss the frontiers and the directions of scientific and technological innovation in China’s field crop cultivation. According to the existing problems in field crop production, the major scientific and technological requirements of China’s field crop were elaborated, such as the cooperative cultivation of high-quality and high-yield and high-efficient, the green cultivation of carbon fixation and energy conservation and emission reduction, and the “unmanned” intelligent cultivation. The scientific and technological frontiers and development status and trends of field crop cultivation at home and abroad were analyzed emphatically. The key scientific and technological breakthrough directions and paths were pointed out in three aspects: The coordination cultivation of high-quality and high-yield and high-efficient, the green cultivation of carbon fixation and energy saving and emission reduction, and the “unmanned” intelligent cultivation. Finally, the measures and suggestions for scientific and technological innovation of China’s field crop cultivation were put forward from the aspects of policy top-level design and effective investment, increasing the research and development of basic theories, the key technologies and practical products, and increasing the cultivation of compound talents. In the future, it is necessary to significantly improve grain quality and planting efficiency under the premise of continuously increasing grain yield through the collaborative cultivation of high-quality, high-yield and high efficiency in field crop cultivation. Through the green cultivation of carbon fixation and energy conservation and emission reduction, less material input and high efficient utilization of resources can be achieved. Through integration and innovation of various aspects of agronomy and agricultural machinery intelligence, the “unmanned” intelligent cultivation can be constructed for greatly less labor input and higher efficiency of large-scale production. Finally, it is to realize Chinese style modernization of field crop production, to ensure grain security and effective supply of agricultural products.

Key words: crop cultivation, frontier of science and technology, innovation direction, development suggestions

张洪程, 胡雅杰, 戴其根, 邢志鹏, 魏海燕, 孙成明, 高辉, 胡群. 中国大田作物栽培学前沿与创新方向探讨[J]. 中国农业科学, 2022, 55(22): 4373-4382.

ZHANG HongCheng, HU YaJie, DAI QiGen, XING ZhiPeng, WEI HaiYan, SUN ChengMing, GAO Hui, HU Qun. Discussions on Frontiers and Directions of Scientific and Technological Innovation in China’s Field Crop Cultivation[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2022, 55(22): 4373-4382.

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https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2022/V55/I22/4373

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