中国农业科学 ›› 2018, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (23): 4548-4555.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.23.013

• 畜牧·兽医·资源昆虫 • 上一篇    下一篇

黄花蒿提取物对奶牛瘤胃发酵指标的影响

王丽芳1(),斯琴毕力格2,敖长金2   

  1. 1内蒙古自治区农牧业科学院,呼和浩特 010031
    2内蒙古农业大学,呼和浩特 010018
  • 收稿日期:2018-02-12 接受日期:2018-06-12 出版日期:2018-12-01 发布日期:2018-12-12
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金(31860663);内蒙古自治区自然科学基金(2013MS0418);内蒙古农牧业科学院青年创新基金(2014QNJJM02)

The Effects of Artemisia annua Extracts on the Rumen Fermentation in Dairy Cows

WANG LiFang1(), 2,AO ChangJin2   

  1. 1Inner Mongolia Academy of Agricultural and Animal Husbandry Sciences, Hohhot 010031
    2Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010018
  • Received:2018-02-12 Accepted:2018-06-12 Online:2018-12-01 Published:2018-12-12

摘要:

【目的】在奶牛日粮中添加菊科植物黄花蒿乙醇提取物,研究其对瘤胃中乙酸、丙酸、丁酸等发酵指标的影响,进一步探讨其对CLA合成的溶纤维丁酸弧菌Butyrivibrio fibrisolvens(B.fibrisolvens)和蛋白溶解梭菌Clostridium proteoclasticum(C.proteoclasticum)的影响,旨在阐明黄花蒿乙醇提取物对奶牛瘤胃发酵的作用,并从瘤胃层次探明其对牛奶中CLA合成的部分作用机制。【方法】选取15头体重为(600±29)kg、胎次2-3、泌乳期(158±3)d及泌乳量(22.8±1.8)kg·d -1相近的荷斯坦奶牛为试验动物,试验牛统一管理,自由采食、自由饮水;每天饲喂2次、挤奶2次(早上4:30、下午16:30)。试验采用完全随机设计,分为3组,分别是对照组和2个试验组,每组5头牛。试验1组黄花蒿乙醇提取物的添加量为96 g/(d·头),试验2组黄花蒿乙醇提取物的添加量为160 g/(d·头)。试验期40 d,前9 d为预饲期,10—40 d为正式期。【结果】奶牛日粮中添加黄花蒿乙醇提取物可以增加瘤胃中pH值,其中两个试验组pH值分别增加了2.63%和8.61%,但差异不显著(P>0.05);添加黄花蒿乙醇提取物均降低了瘤胃中VFA的含量,除异戊酸和戊酸低剂量黄花蒿乙醇提取物与对照组差异不显著外,其余各组乙酸、丙酸、丁酸均与对照组差异显著(P<0.05)。添加黄花蒿乙醇提取物均增加了瘤胃液相和瘤胃液混合物中B.fibrisolvens的相对百分比,差异显著(P<0.05);降低了瘤胃固相中B.fibrisolvens的相对百分比,差异不显著(P>0.05)。添加黄花蒿乙醇提取物均降低了瘤胃液相和瘤胃固相中C.proteoclasticum的相对百分比,差异显著(P<0.05),增加了瘤胃液混合物中C.proteoclasticum的相对百分比,但是差异不显著(P>0.05)。【结论】奶牛日粮中添加黄花蒿乙醇提取物影响瘤胃发酵,对瘤胃不同内容物中B.fibrisolvensC.proteoclasticum影响不同,总体趋势是增加瘤胃中B.fibrisolvens的相对百分比,降低瘤胃中C.proteoclasticum的相对百分比,有利于调控CLA的生成。

关键词: 黄花蒿乙醇提取物, 奶牛, 瘤胃, 溶纤维丁酸弧菌, 蛋白溶解梭菌

Abstract:

【Objective】The effects of daisy plant (Artemisia annua) extracts (AAE) on the fermentation indexes such as acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid in the rumen in dairy cows were studied in this paper, and furthermore the effects on B. fibrisolvens and C. proteoclasticum for regulating CLA synthesis in the rumen were researched. The purpose of this study was to explore the effects of AAE on rumen fermentation in dairy cows, and to investigate the part mechanism of effecting CLA synthesis from the rumen.【Method】Fifteen dairy cows (600±29) kg, parity 2-3, in lactating (158±3) d and milk yield (22.8±1.8)kg·d -1 were used in completely random design in 40 d experimental periods. The experimental dairy cows were integrated management, free ingestion, free drinking water, feeding 2 times per day, milking 2 times (4:30 a.m., 16:30 p.m.). The experiments groups comprised the control and two treatments (treatment one and treatment two, the doses of AAE for supplementation was 96 g·d -1 and 160 g·d -1 for every cow, respectively). The experimental period comprised a 9-d adaptation and a 31-d the formal period. 【Result】 The results showed as follows: ruminal pH values tended to increase in two treatments for AAE supplementation compared with the control, which increased by 2.63% and 8.61%, respectively (P>0.05). The concentrations for acetic acid, propionic acid and butyric acid decreased significantly in two treatments except for isovaleric acid and valeric acid in the low dose of AAE compared with the control (P<0.05). AAE supplementation increased the relative percentage of B. fibrisolvens in rumen mixture and rumen liquid (P<0.05), and decreased the relative percentage of B. fibrisolvens in rumen solid (P>0.05). AAE supplementation decreased the relative percentage of C. proteoclasticum in rumen liquid and rumen solid (P<0.05), and increased the relative percentage of C. proteoclasticum in rumen mixture (P>0.05). 【Conclusion】 It was concluded that AAE supplementation had adverse effect on rumen fermentation characteristics, and had different effects on B. fibrisolvens and C. proteoclasticum on different contents of the rumen, but the general trend was increasing the relative percentage of B. fibrisolvens, and decreased the relative percentage of C. proteoclasticum, which ws beneficial to CLA synthesis.

Key words: Artemisia annua extracts, dairy cows, rumen, B. fibrisolvens, C. proteoclasticum