施氮量对花后高温胁迫后小麦同化物积累、转运及产量的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.21.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】明确不同施氮量对高温胁迫后小麦同化物积累和转运的影响及其生理基础,以期为小麦抗逆稳产栽培提供技术和理论依据。【方法】于2018—2019年在济南和济阳两地进行,以济麦44为材料,田间搭建高温棚进行高温胁迫处理,设置2个温度处理（CK：未胁迫,H：花后高温胁迫）,3个氮肥水平（低氮N1：180 kg·hm^-2,常规氮N2：240 kg·hm^-2,高氮N3：300 kg·hm^-2）。通过分析小麦花前同化物质的转运、成熟期同化物质的积累与分配、叶片与籽粒中蔗糖合成酶在同化物转运中的作用,阐明了不同施氮量对花后高温胁迫后小麦籽粒产量形成的影响机制。【结果】不同施氮量对高温胁迫后小麦的减产率影响不同,N1处理减产率为54.78%（济南）和50.19%（济阳）,N2处理为24.05%（济南）和25.29%（济阳）,N3处理为54.49%（济南）和44.13%（济阳）。高温胁迫后,与N1和N3处理相比,N2处理成熟期同化物积累量、花前营养器官同化物向籽粒中转运量和转运率、花后同化物积累量和积累率、同化物向籽粒中的分配比例均显著增加;N2处理旗叶SPAD值、蔗糖合成酶SS-Ⅱ合成方向活性和籽粒蔗糖合成酶SS-Ⅰ分解方向活性增加。【结论】本试验条件下,施氮量为240 kg·hm^-2可以显著减缓高温胁迫后旗叶衰老,维持旗叶中SS-Ⅱ和籽粒中SS-Ⅰ较高的酶活性,保持较高的同化物合成能力和向籽粒中的转运能力,提高同化物向籽粒中的积累量和分配比例,降低高温胁迫后小麦籽粒产量的损失率。

关键词: 小麦, 施氮量, 高温胁迫, 同化物质积累, 同化物质转运, 籽粒产量

Abstract:

【Objective】This study was aimed to identify the effects of nitrogen application rates on grain yield, assimilate accumulation and translocation, physiological basis of winter wheat under the condition of high temperature stress, so as to provide technical and theoretical support for stress-resistance and stable yield cultivation.【Method】 Field experiments were conducted at Ji’nan experiment station and Jiyang experiment station of Crop Research Institute, Shandong Academy of Agricultural Sciences in 2018 and 2019, designed with two temperature treatments (CK: Control, H: High temperature stress) and three nitrogen levels (N1:Low nitrogen with 180 kg·hm^-2, N2: Regular nitrogen with 240 kg·hm^-2, and N3: High nitrogen with 300 kg·hm^-2) . By analyzing assimilate accumulation, allocation, sucrose synthetase activity in leaf and grain, and grain yield with winter wheat cultivar JM44, the regulation of nitrogen application rates on grain yield of wheat under high temperature stress circumstances was studied. 【Result】 The results showed that grain yield decreased significantly under high temperature stress conditions, and grain yield reduction at N1, N2, and N3 were 54.78%, 24.05%, 54.49% and 50.19%, 25.29%, 44.13% in Ji’nan and Jiyang, respectively. Significant increases were noticed in assimilate accumulation amount, pre-anthesis assimilate translocation amount and rate to grain yield, post-anthesis assimilate accumulation amount and rate, ratio of grain to other organs udner N2 treatment, compared with N1 and N3 treatment, same as in SPAD value, sucrose synthetase-I activity (direction of synthetic) in flag leaf, and sucrose synthetase-Ⅱ activity (direction of decomposition) in grain. 【Conclusion】Higher grain yield could be achieved after high temperature stress during grain-filling stages with nitrogen application rate of 240 kg·hm^-2, which could postpone flag leaf senescence, maintain high sucrose synthetase-I activity in flag leaf and sucrose synthetase-Ⅱ activity in grain, and keep high ability cof assimilate accumulate and transport to grain.

Key words: winter wheat, nitrogen application rate, high temperature stress, assimilate accumulation, assimilate transportation, grain yield

高春华,冯波,曹芳,李升东,王宗帅,张宾,王峥,孔令安,王法宏. 施氮量对花后高温胁迫后小麦同化物积累、转运及产量的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(21): 4365-4375.

GAO ChunHua,FENG Bo,CAO Fang,LI ShengDong,WANG ZongShuai,ZHANG Bin,WANG Zheng,KONG LingAn,WANG FaHong. Effects of Nitrogen Application Rate on Assimilate Accumulation, Transportation and Grain Yield in Wheat Under High Temperature Stress After Anthesis[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(21): 4365-4375.

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链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.21.006

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2020/V53/I21/4365

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处理 Treatment	单穗重 WPP (g)	穗粒数 GWPP	千粒重 TKW (g)	成熟期同化物积累量 AAAM (kg·hm^-2)	花后同化物积累速率AARAA (kg·hm^-2·d^-1)	收获指数 HI (%)
济南JN
CKN1	1.29±0.03b	34.50±0.5c	47.30±0.30a	15785.52±114.40b	157.16±1.03b	50.92±0.63a
CKN2	1.46±0.008a	35.50±0.1b	45.03±0.66b	16967.30±283.20a	182.83±1.35a	47.96±1.65a
CKN3	1.56±0.02a	36.80±0.1a	43.83±0.04c	17716.02±607.11a	180.31±12.75a	48.24±1.53a
HN1	0.87±0.06c	29.75±0.25e	19.56±0.24d	13697.32±155.75c	93.07±2.73c	26.53±0.39c
HN2	1.24±0.05b	32.05±0.35d	37.14±0.27c	15671.66±173.46b	138.45±1.64b	39.41±0.09b
HN3	0.94±0.02c	30.45±0.05e	17.12±0.54e	14399.02±143.37c	107.02±5.20c	27.57±0.79c
济阳JY
CKN1	1.30±0.003c	34.00±0.8b	49.15±0.23a	16190.53±79.64c	153.17±0.002c	45.00±0.50ab
CKN2	1.40±0.003b	36.60±0.2a	45.32±0.03a	16883.76±50.68b	166.55±3.67b	46.48±0.01a
CKN3	1.66±0.004a	37.75±0.05a	44.05±0.36a	18902.49±8.95a	203.00±1.30a	43.99±0.40b
HN1	1.00±0.004e	30.50±0.50c	21.41±3.53b	14331.65±52.49f	103.47±1.36e	25.33±0.69e
HN2	1.13±0.14d	32.95±0.15b	38.71±1.25c	15392.29±69.81d	116.66±2.48d	37.94±1.13c
HN3	1.01±0.01e	30.80±0.9c	24.54±0.29c	14565.30±94.87e	88.96±0.56f	31.89±0.41d
F_H	691.42**	369.32**	885.17**	368.11**	691.45**	1028.87**
F_N	47.68**	27.25**	73.18**	49.49**	34.07**	58.12**
F_H×N	48.21**	14.68**	90.81**	34.47**	31.95**	64.22**

处理 Treatment	花前同化物AABA			花后同化物AAAA
处理 Treatment	转运量 TA (kg·hm^-2)	转运率 TR (%)	籽粒贡献率 CR (%)	积累量 AA (kg·hm^-2)	籽粒贡献率 CR (%)
济南JN
CKN1	2213.18±143.97b	21.18±1.08a	27.55±0.07b	5343.56±35.02b	72.45±0.07cd
CKN2	2144.03±116.87b	19.93±0.65a	26.39±0.10b	6216.09±45.84a	73.61±0.10c
CKN3	2655.26±128.60a	22.91±0.77a	31.10±1.43a	6130.58±433.58a	68.90±1.43d
HN1	746.73±106.73d	7.07±0.85c	20.49±0.40c	3164.33±92.76c	79.51±1.40b
HN2	1224.37±113.86c	11.15±0.81b	19.30±1.08c	4707.26±55.68b	80.20±1.58b
HN3	635.84±133.17d	5.88±1.06c	15.90±0.74d	3638.70±176.82c	84.10±0.74a
济阳JY
CKN1	2020.81±16.37b	18.93±0.14a	27.74±0.40a	5514.26±0.08c	72.26±0.40b
CKN2	2145.54±48.82a	19.26±0.64a	27.34±0.71a	5995.88±132.08b	72.66±0.71b
CKN3	2255.84±37.18a	19.43±0.39a	27.14±0.68a	7308.18±46.95a	72.86±0.68b
HN1	653.49±28.92e	6.16±0.27d	18.00±0.37d	3724.92±48.83e	82.00±0.37a
HN2	1696.53±3.97c	15.17±0.11b	29.07±0.80a	4199.76±89.11d	70.93±0.80b
HN3	1320.79±35.39d	11.63±0.35c	28.44±0.94a	3202.57±20.10f	71.56±0.94b
F_H	516.60**	765.81**	193.99**	726.97**	128.53**
F_N	20.79**	20.43**	11.00**	34.93**	7.92**
F_H×N	23.5794**	31.54**	15.83**	34.37**	11.83**