中国农业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (10): 2091-2100.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.10.015

• 专题:农产品品质 • 上一篇    下一篇

蛋白添加剂对双孢蘑菇农艺性状及品质的影响

张文强1,陈青君1(),张国庆1,石世达1,曹娜1,阿布来提·托合提热结甫1,果禹鑫2,林文才3   

  1. 1 北京农学院植物科学技术学院/农业应用新技术北京重点实验室,北京 102206
    2 新疆农业大学林学与园艺学院,乌鲁木齐 830052
    3 江苏闽中有机食品有限公司,江苏阜宁 224421
  • 收稿日期:2019-12-04 接受日期:2020-02-02 出版日期:2020-05-16 发布日期:2020-05-22
  • 通讯作者: 陈青君
  • 作者简介:张文强,E-mail:wqzhang1994@126.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家现代农业产业技术体系北京市食用菌创新团队(BAIC05-2019);北京市农委农业科技项目(20180125);北京市科技计划(Z181100009818007)

Effects of Protein Supplements on Agronomic Characters and Quality of the Mushroom Agaricus bisporus

ZHANG WenQiang1,CHEN QingJun1(),ZHANG GuoQing1,SHI ShiDa1,CAO Na1,ABLAT· Tohtirjap1,GUO YuXin2,LIN WenCai3   

  1. 1 Beijing Key Laboratory for Agricultural Application and New Technique, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206
    2 Xinjiang Agricultural University, Xinjiang 830052
    3 Jiangsu Minzhong Organic Food Co. LTD, Funing 224421, Jiangsu
  • Received:2019-12-04 Accepted:2020-02-02 Online:2020-05-16 Published:2020-05-22
  • Contact: QingJun CHEN

摘要:

【目的】 研究蛋白添加剂对双孢菇农艺性状及品质的影响,为工厂化双孢蘑菇蛋白添加剂的开发、应用与评价提供参考。【方法】 以豆粕(SM)、膨化大豆(ES)、玉米蛋白(CP)和羽毛粉(FM)4种单一蛋白原料为添加剂,以1种蛋白型商业添加剂MCSubstradd?(MCS)作为阳性对照、无添加剂为空白对照(CTL),添加剂的使用量根据其蛋白含量决定,蛋白添加量占发酵料的0.5%。覆土前,添加剂与新鲜3次发酵料混合,栽培菌株为W192,按照工厂化栽培工艺进行菇房管理,采收三潮蘑菇。参照UPOV测定子实体产量、菌盖直径、菌盖厚度、单菇重量、硬度等农艺性状;用凯氏定氮法测定子实体蛋白质含量,用氨基酸自动分析仪测定子实体氨基酸含量。【结果】 SM、ES、CP均能有效提高蘑菇产量。4个试验组中,CP组总产量最高,达到35.24 kg?m-2,较CTL组增产24.26%,生物学效率达到105.98%,显著高于其他3个试验组和CTL组,略高于MCS组。每t培养料中添加剂产生的经济效益分析显示,CP组增收最高,为785.23元。SM具有很好的缓释作用,三潮菇产量分别占总产量的48.72%、35.09%和16.19%,接近MCS组缓释效果。ES在提高产量的同时,显著提高第一、二潮蘑菇的硬度品质。5种蛋白添加剂均显著提高3个潮次蘑菇子实体的蛋白质含量,含量最高的3种氨基酸均分别为葡萄糖(Glu)、缬氨酸(Val)和天冬氨酸(Asp)。添加FM和CP能显著提高蘑菇子实体的呈味氨基酸含量,提升蘑菇的风味和口感。【结论】 蛋白添加剂均可以有效提高蘑菇产量,对子实体农艺性状和品质影响存在特异性。综合多种添加剂原料的特异性优势,开发复合、缓释型添加剂,实现双孢蘑菇优质高产,是今后双孢蘑菇添加剂的研究方向。

关键词: 双孢蘑菇, 添加剂, 农艺性状, 蛋白质含量, 氨基酸含量

Abstract:

【Objective】 The effects of protein supplements on the agronomic characters and quality of mushroom Agaricus bisporus were studied in the study, so as to provide a reference for the development, application and evaluation of Agaricus bisporus protein supplements. 【Method】 Four single protein raw materials were investigated as protein supplements, including soybean meal (SM), extruded soybean (ES), corn protein (CP) and Feather meal (FM). Commercial supplement (MCSubstradd?, MCS) was used as a positive control, and an unsupplemented compost was used as a blank control (CTL). The dosage of each supplement was determined based on their protein content and with a final protein dosage of 0.5% in the compost. Before casing, the supplements were thoroughly mixed with fresh Phase III compost. The mushroom strain was W192. Mushroom cultivation was carried out in accordance with the factory cultivation process mushroom room management. Three flush mushrooms were harvested, and yield, diameter and thickness of pileus, weight of single mushroom, and hardness characters were determined with reference to UPOV. Protein content was determined by kjeldahl method, and amino acid content was determined by amino acid analyzer. 【Result】 SM, ES and CP could effectively increase the mushroom yield. Among the four experimental groups, CP group manifested the highest total yield of 35.24 kg?m-2 with the yield increasing rate of 24.26% towards CTL group. Its biological efficiency was 105.98%, which was significantly higher than that of the other three assayed groups and CTL group, and slightly higher than that of MCS group. CP group demonstrated considerably high sustained-release effect with three flush yield of 48.72%, 35.09%, 16.19%, respectively, which was close to that of MCS group. Economic benefit analysis showed that CP group demonstrated the highest increasing benefit of 785 yuan in one ton compost. ES group showed high yield with significantly high hardness character in the first two flush. All the five protein supplements could significantly enhance the protein content in the fruiting bodies in all the three flush. In all the groups, the three amino acids with the highest content were Glu, Val, and Asp. FM and CP could enhance the content of delicious amino acids, which raised the flavor and taste of mushrooms. 【Conclusion】 Protein supplements could effectively increase mushroom yield, and had specific effects on the agronomic characters and qualities of fruiting bodies. Focusing on specific advantages of various additives, developing mixed and sustained-release supplements could achieve high quality and high yield of A. bisporus, which was the research direction of mushroom supplements in the future.

Key words: Agaricus bisporus, supplementations, agronomic characteristics, amino acid, protein content