中国农业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (6): 1166-1177.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.06.008
收稿日期:
2019-09-01
接受日期:
2019-09-16
出版日期:
2020-03-16
发布日期:
2020-04-09
通讯作者:
李香菊
作者简介:
于惠林,E-mail:hlyu@ippcaas.cn。
基金资助:
HuiLin YU,Fang JIA,ZongHua QUAN,HaiLan CUI,XiangJu LI()
Received:
2019-09-01
Accepted:
2019-09-16
Online:
2020-03-16
Published:
2020-04-09
Contact:
XiangJu LI
摘要:
【目的】转GAT 和EPSPS 双价基因抗草甘膦大豆‘GE-J16’是我国具有自主知识产权的抗除草剂材料,喷施草甘膦后,评价草甘膦对杂草防除、大豆安全和杂草发生的影响,为其将来商业化种植后的安全监测与杂草治理提供数据支持。【方法】除草效果:每小区以对角线5点取样法取5个0.25 m 2样点并标记,施药后28 d调查禾本科和阔叶杂草株数,并剪取地上部分称取鲜重, 计算株防效和鲜重防效。对大豆安全性:每小区以对角线5点取样法,每点随机取4株大豆并标记,在喷药当天、药后7、14、21及28 d调查大豆株高和复叶数,观察药害,收获前每小区取50株大豆调查结荚数及产量。杂草发生情况:每小区以对角线5点取样法取5个0.25 m 2样点并标记(避开除草效果取样点),调查并记录每种杂草种类、株数,计算每种杂草相对多度。【结果】转基因大豆喷施900、1 800和3 600 g a.i./hm 2草甘膦对禾本科杂草株防效2016年分别为84.30%、95.22%和83.62%,阔叶杂草株防效分别为49.80%、64.52%和61.93%,禾本科和阔叶杂草鲜重防效分别在95.36%和82.05%以上,2017年对禾本科和阔叶草株防效分别达94.93%和85.09%以上,对禾本科和阔叶杂草鲜重防效分别达98.00%和96.57%以上。转基因大豆喷施草甘膦对大豆生长没有不良影响,产量高于人工除草处理。两年研究结果表明转基因抗除草剂大豆喷施草甘膦后杂草群落发生改变,转基因抗除草剂大豆田不除草处理小区主要优势阔叶杂草为反枝苋(Amaranthus retroflexus)、打碗花(Calystegia hederacea)、马齿苋(Portulaca oleracea),禾本科杂草为狗尾草(Setaria viridis)、马唐(Digitaria sanguinalis)和牛筋草(Eleusine indica),共6种,喷施草甘膦900—3 600 g a.i./hm 2后转基因大豆田5种主要优势杂草为打碗花、夏至草(Lagopsis supina)、马齿苋、牛筋草和狗尾草。【结论】转基因抗草甘膦大豆‘GE-J16’喷施草甘膦900—3 600 g a.i./hm 2对杂草有很好的防除效果, 对大豆安全。因此,转基因抗草甘膦大豆‘GE-J16’将在我国有很好的商业化应用前景,喷施草甘膦影响杂草种群的发生,如今后商业化种植需长期密切监测种群变化。
于惠林,贾芳,全宗华,崔海兰,李香菊. 施用草甘膦对转基因抗除草剂大豆田杂草防除、大豆安全性及杂草发生的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(6): 1166-1177.
HuiLin YU,Fang JIA,ZongHua QUAN,HaiLan CUI,XiangJu LI. Effects of Glyphosate on Weed Control, Soybean Safety and Weed Occurrence in Transgenic Herbicide-Resistant Soybean[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(6): 1166-1177.
表1
转基因大豆施用草甘膦药后28 d除草效果"
年 Year | 转基因大豆不同处理 GR soybean with different treatments | 杂草防除效果Weed control efficiency (%) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
株防效Plant control efficacy | 鲜重防效Fresh weight control efficacy | ||||
禾本科杂草 Grassy weeds | 阔叶杂草 Broadleaf weeds | 禾本科杂草 Grassy weeds | 阔叶杂草 Broadleaf weeds | ||
2016 | 人工除草Hand weeding | 59.73±8.39b | 45.79±12.26a | 53.00±10.10b | 43.34±4.49b |
喷草甘膦450 g a.i./hm2 Spraying GP 450 g a.i./hm2 | 73.04±9.4 6ab | 39.42±10.22a | 81.49±9.72ab | 62.62±13.28ab | |
*喷草甘膦900 g a.i./hm2 Spraying GP 900 g a.i./hm2 | 84.30±3.41ab | 49.80±10.82a | 95.36±0.90a | 82.05±0.44a | |
喷草甘膦1800 g a.i./hm2 Spraying GP 1800 g a.i./hm2 | 95.22±2.66a | 64.52±9.79a | 99.78±0.12a | 86.66±2.51a | |
喷草甘膦3600 g a.i./hm2 Spraying GP 3600 g a.i./hm2 | 83.62±2.05ab | 61.93±16.33a | 95.84±2.77a | 84.77±5.95a | |
F4.14=5.60, P=0.01 | F4.14=0.83, P=0.53 | F4.14=9.44, P=0 | F4.14=6.14, P=0.01 | ||
2017 | 人工除草Hand weeding | 82.14±4.39b | 69.99±14.88b | 39.45±21.97b | 21.70±21.70b |
喷草甘膦450 g a.i./hm2 Spraying GP 450 g a.i./hm2 | 72.56±5.43b | 72.36±9.83ab | 65.53±10.06ab | 87.04±7.79a | |
*喷草甘膦900 g a.i./hm2 Spraying GP 900 g a.i./hm2 | 94.93±0.24a | 85.09±7.50ab | 98.00±0.30a | 96.57±1.36a | |
喷草甘膦1800 g a.i./hm2 Spraying GP 1800 g a.i./hm2 | 99.11±0.34a | 97.01±1.13ab | 99.66±0.17a | 98.47±0.76a | |
喷草甘膦3600 g a.i./hm2 Spraying GP 3600 g a.i./hm2 | 99.44±0.36a | 97.86±0.97a | 99.95±0.05a | 97.24±1.02a | |
F4,14=26.65, P=0 | F4,14=3.78, P=0.04 | F4,14=8.24, P=0.003 | F4,14=10.12, P=0.002 |
表2
2016年转基因大豆施用草甘膦后株高及复叶数"
处理 Treatment | 株高 Plant height (cm) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
施药当天 On the day of spraying | 药后7 d 7 DAG | 药后14 d 14 DAG | 药后21 d 21 DAG | 药后28 d 28 DAG | ||
受体(人工除草)Recipient (Hand weeding) | 21.68±0.69a | 33.12±1.06a | 49.37±3.97a | 74.28±3.10a | 88.48±6.67a | |
转基因大豆GR soybean | 不除草No weeding | 18.87±1.39a | 28.38±2.56a | 36.92±1.13b | 60.95±3.52b | 65.38±3.52a |
人工除草Hand weeding | 19.68±0.79a | 29.68±1.45a | 38.53±0.54b | 68.17±1.79ab | 74.00±1.86a | |
喷草甘膦450 g a.i./hm2 Spraying GP 450 g a.i./hm2 | 18.22±0.72a | 26.20±0.76a | 37.27±1.54b | 61.83±1.87b | 67.95±3.41a | |
*喷草甘膦 900 g a.i./hm2 Spraying GP 900 g a.i./hm2 | 20.27±0.94a | 29.47±0.75a | 41.07±1.42ab | 63.80±1.71ab | 71.30±6.39a | |
喷草甘膦1800 g a.i./hm2 Spraying GP 1800 g a.i./hm2 | 19.35±0.93a | 28.63±0.56a | 40.02±0.81ab | 62.92±1.12b | 71.92±4.57a | |
喷草甘膦3600 g a.i./hm2 Spraying GP 3600 g a.i./hm2 | 19.45±0.38a | 29.80±0.38a | 42.18±2.32ab | 66.83±0.41ab | 76.50±5.91a | |
F6,20=1.53, P=0.24 | F6,20=2.69, P=0.06 | F6,20=4.65, P=0.01 | F6,20=4.26, P=0.01 | F6,20=2.27, P=0.10 | ||
复叶数(片/株)Compound leaf number (number/plant) | ||||||
受体(人工除草)Recipient (Hand weeding) | 4.88±0.07a | 8.43±0.29a | 9.90±0.13a | 13.70±0.14a | 14.25±0.13a | |
转基因大豆GR soybean | 不除草No weeding | 4.60±0.23a | 7.52±0.42a | 9.45±0.16a | 12.47±0.22a | 13.65±0.33a |
人工除草Hand weeding | 4.83±0.21a | 8.08±0.09a | 9.53±0.24a | 13.33±0.74a | 14.58±0.25a | |
喷草甘膦450 g a.i./hm2 Spraying GP 450 g a.i./hm2 | 4.58±0.04a | 7.48±0.17a | 9.50±0.05a | 13.33±0.28a | 14.33±0.70a | |
*喷草甘膦 900 g a.i./hm2 Spraying GP 900 g a.i./hm2 | 4.95±0.26a | 7.97±0.06a | 9.85±0.20a | 13.45±0.43a | 14.52±0.20a | |
喷草甘膦1800 g a.i./hm2 Spraying GP 1800 g a.i./hm2 | 4.72±0.20a | 7.77±0.21a | 15.00±5.48a | 13.20±0.13a | 14.85±0.33a | |
喷草甘膦3600 g a.i./hm2 Spraying GP 3600 g a.i./hm2 | 4.95±0.16a | 7.97±0.12a | 9.90±0.18a | 14.12±0.12a | 14.97±0.09a | |
F6,20=0.72, P=0.64 | F6,20=2.14, P=0.11 | F6,20=0.91, P=0.51 | F6,20=2.00, P=0.14 | F6,20=1.62, P=0.21 |
表3
2017年转基因大豆施用草甘膦后株高及复叶数"
处理 Treatment | 株高 Plant height (cm) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
施药当天 On the day of spraying | 药后7 d 7 DAG | 药后14 d 14 DAG | 药后21 d 21 DAG | 药后28 d 28 DAG | ||
受体(人工除草)Recipient (Hand weeding) | 15.20±1.39a | 34.35±3.09a | 47.02±2.91a | 71.05±14.00a | 92.92±15.36a | |
转基因大豆 GR soybean | 不除草No weeding | 13.22±1.34a | 28.18±5.35ab | 38.72±5.50ab | 52.28±8.78ab | 63.10±15.00ab |
人工除草Hand weeding | 12.87±0.64a | 28.78±2.07ab | 39.45±6.16ab | 61.88±9.91ab | 76.15±15.12ab | |
喷草甘膦450 g a.i./hm2 Spraying GP 450 g a.i./hm2 | 13.08±0.52a | 20.83±5.42b | 33.60±1.33b | 52.27±6.69ab | 57.15±4.68b | |
*喷草甘膦 900 g a.i./hm2 Spraying GP 900 g a.i./hm2 | 14.57±0.92a | 23.27±0.22ab | 34.18±8.21ab | 46.18±4.05b | 58.07±2.67b | |
喷草甘膦1800 g a.i./hm2 Spraying GP 1800 g a.i./hm2 | 13.23±0.24a | 21.65±1.22ab | 31.70±1.98b | 49.45±7.93ab | 55.22±3.45b | |
喷草甘膦3600 g a.i./hm2 Spraying GP 3600 g a.i./hm2 | 13.08±0.27a | 26.05±0.48ab | 32.32±1.27b | 49.62±7.09ab | 55.17±7.17b | |
F6,20=1.05, P=0.44 | F6,20=3.96, P=0.02 | F6,20=4.22, P=0.12 | F6,20=3.38, P=0.28 | F6,20=7.60, P=0.001 | ||
复叶数(片/株)Compound leaf number (number/plant) | ||||||
受体(人工除草)Recipient (Hand weeding) | 3.20±0.03a | 6.93±0.79a | 7.20±0.41a | 9.37±0.57ab | 10.98±0.69ab | |
转基因大豆 GR soybean | 不除草No weeding | 3.20±0.13a | 5.82±0.33a | 6.32±0.70a | 7.98±1.78b | 8.95±0.43c |
人工除草Hand weeding | 2.83±0.13a | 6.33±0.30a | 7.33±0.34a | 9.73±0.37ab | 11.03±0.61ab | |
喷草甘膦450 g a.i./hm2 Spraying GP 450 g a.i./hm2 | 2.65±0.14a | 5.97±0.27a | 6.60±0.60a | 9.78±0.96ab | 12.05±0.92ab | |
*喷草甘膦 900 g a.i./hm2 Spraying GP 900 g a.i./hm2 | 2.92±0.16a | 6.37±0.07a | 7.68±0.43a | 10.95±0.53a | 13.70±2.32a | |
喷草甘膦1800 g a.i./hm2 Spraying GP 1800 g a.i./hm2 | 2.82±0.21a | 6.10±0.49a | 7.00±0.51a | 10.78±0.77a | 13.27±0.76ab | |
喷草甘膦3600 g a.i./hm2 Spraying GP 3600 g a.i./hm2 | 2.68±0.04a | 5.67±0.54a | 7.35±0.35a | 10.38±0.38a | 12.93±0.86ab | |
F6,20=2.59, P=0.07 | F6,20=2.68, P=0.06 | F6,20=1.95, P=0.14 | F6,20=5.25, P=0.01 | F6,20=20.46, P=0 |
表4
转基因大豆施用草甘膦后豆荚数及产量"
处理 Treatment | 2016 | 2017 | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
豆荚数 Pod number (number/plant) | 产量 Yield (g/50 plants) | 豆荚数 Pod number (number/plant) | 产量 Yield (g/50 plants) | ||
受体(人工除草)Recipient (Hand weeding) | 44.10±2.21a | 389.07±16.98ab | 40.04±1.69bcd | 422.07±84.33ab | |
转基因大豆 GR soybean | 不除草No weeding | 28.95±3.87b | 164.23±28.01c | 27.83±3.97d | 260.23±40.12b |
人工除草Hand weeding | 38.60±3.16ab | 271.80±30.97bc | 30.62±2.35d | 264.63±38.87b | |
喷草甘膦450 g a.i./hm2 Spraying GP 450 g a.i./hm2 | 47.27±5.88a | 294.20±64.78bc | 37.01±3.19cd | 397.63±38.63ab | |
*喷草甘膦 900 g a.i./hm2 Spraying GP 900 g a.i./hm2 | 47.23±3.01a | 509.07±54.49ab | 53.57±4.51abc | 472.43±21.84a | |
喷草甘膦1800 g a.i./hm2 Spraying GP 1800 g a.i./hm2 | 50.53±7.49a | 458.97±20.00ab | 59.60±3.35ab | 502.73±17.02a | |
喷草甘膦3600 g a.i./hm2 Spraying GP 3600 g a.i./hm2 | 48.53±3.69a | 533.97±40.30a | 67.63±5.65a | 607.10±58.75a | |
F6,20=3.60, P=0.02 | F6,20=9.79, P=0 | F6,20=15.08, P=0 | F6,20=6.81, P=0.002 |
表5
受体大豆人工除草处理小区杂草密度、均度、频度及相对多度"
编号No. | 杂草种类 Weed species | 密度 Density (number/m2) | 均度 Field uniformity (%) | 频度 Frequency (%) | 相对多度 Relative abundance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 打碗花Calystegia hederacea | 35.41 | 58.67 | 83.33 | 50.62 |
2 | 牛筋草Eleusine indica | 33.39 | 67.52 | 96.67 | 48.51 |
3 | 马齿苋Portulaca oleracea | 17.03 | 66.38 | 95.24 | 40.05 |
4 | 反枝苋 Amaranthus retroflexus | 23.56 | 52.95 | 64.29 | 39.07 |
5 | 马唐Digitaria sanguinalis | 12.92 | 58.76 | 94.29 | 36.42 |
6 | 狗尾草Setaria viridis | 14.69 | 53.81 | 73.81 | 29.79 |
7 | 夏至草Lagopsis supina | 16.91 | 21.05 | 45.71 | 21.57 |
8 | 铁苋菜Acalypha australis | 0.91 | 11.05 | 44.76 | 9.04 |
9 | 刺儿菜Cirsium setosum | 2.56 | 11.14 | 30.48 | 8.61 |
10 | 地锦Euphorbia humifusa | 0.29 | 6.86 | 24.76 | 5.69 |
11 | 苣荬菜Sonchus arvensis | 1.49 | 6.67 | 13.33 | 3.69 |
12 | 藜Chenopodium album | 0.11 | 2.38 | 11.90 | 2.18 |
13 | 苦荬菜Ixeris polycephala | 0.08 | 1.33 | 6.67 | 1.63 |
14 | 泥胡菜Hemistepta lyrata | 0.24 | 1.33 | 6.67 | 1.15 |
15 | 籽粒苋Amaranthus hypochondriacus | 8.50 | 30.48 | 52.38 | 0.74 |
16 | 苘麻Abutilon theophrasti | 0.24 | 0.67 | 3.33 | 0.65 |
17 | 龙葵Solanum nigrum | 0 | 0.67 | 3.33 | 0.59 |
表6
转基因大豆不除草处理小区杂草密度、均度、频度及相对多度"
编号 No. | 杂草种类 Weed species | 密度 Density (number/m2) | 均度 Field uniformity (%) | 频度 Frequency (%) | 相对多度 Relative abundance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus | 212.55 | 55.14 | 70.00 | 51.10 |
2 | 打碗花Calystegia hederacea | 30.30 | 53.52 | 75.24 | 41.89 |
3 | 狗尾草Setaria viridis | 78.27 | 66.48 | 85.71 | 41.84 |
4 | 马唐Digitaria sanguinalis | 70.77 | 64.48 | 90.95 | 41.02 |
5 | 马齿苋Portulaca oleracea | 33.97 | 66.76 | 95.24 | 36.63 |
6 | 牛筋草Eleusine indica | 79.89 | 55.91 | 88.57 | 34.36 |
7 | 夏至草Lagopsis supina | 26.42 | 21.81 | 36.67 | 23.35 |
8 | 铁苋菜Acalypha australis | 1.01 | 15.33 | 40.95 | 9.19 |
9 | 苣荬菜Sonchus arvensis | 1.57 | 8.00 | 26.67 | 6.49 |
10 | 藜Chenopodium album | 0.56 | 7.81 | 22.38 | 4.76 |
11 | 地锦Euphorbia humifusa | 1.56 | 4.29 | 7.14 | 2.55 |
12 | 牵牛Pharbitis nil | 0.10 | 2.38 | 7.14 | 1.72 |
13 | 苦荬菜Ixeris polycephala | 0.19 | 2.00 | 3.33 | 1.31 |
14 | 圆叶牵牛Pharbitis purpurea | 0.27 | 1.43 | 4.76 | 0.85 |
15 | 酸模叶蓼Polygonum lapathifolium | 0.03 | 0.67 | 3.33 | 0.80 |
16 | 泥胡菜Hemistepta lyrata | 0.08 | 0.67 | 3.33 | 0.67 |
17 | 龙葵Solanum nigrum | 0.02 | 0.48 | 2.38 | 0.66 |
18 | 野西瓜苗Hibiscus trionum | 0.02 | 0.48 | 2.38 | 0.45 |
19 | 田旋花Convolvulus arvensis | 0.02 | 0.48 | 2.38 | 0.37 |
表7
转基因大豆人工除草处理小区杂草密度、均度、频度及相对多度"
编号 No. | 杂草种类 Weed species | 密度 Density (number/m2) | 均度 Field uniformity (%) | 频度 Frequency (%) | 相对多度 Relative abundance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 打碗花Calystegia hederacea | 40.22 | 64.57 | 81.43 | 58.32 |
2 | 反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus | 60.88 | 52.76 | 80.00 | 47.28 |
3 | 牛筋草Eleusine indica | 36.10 | 70.00 | 100.00 | 43.52 |
4 | 马齿苋Portulaca oleracea | 18.63 | 70.10 | 100.00 | 40.67 |
5 | 马唐Digitaria sanguinalis | 16.42 | 58.86 | 96.67 | 36.99 |
6 | 狗尾草Setaria viridis | 19.61 | 61.43 | 88.10 | 35.49 |
7 | 夏至草Lagopsis supina | 22.36 | 20.00 | 36.67 | 15.86 |
8 | 铁苋菜Acalypha australis | 0.86 | 8.86 | 37.14 | 7.55 |
9 | 苣荬菜Sonchus arvensis | 2.75 | 6.67 | 16.67 | 4.44 |
10 | 藜Chenopodium album | 0.21 | 3.81 | 19.05 | 3.41 |
11 | 刺儿菜Cirsium setosum | 0.21 | 1.81 | 9.05 | 1.68 |
12 | 泥胡菜Hemistepta lyrata | 0.32 | 1.33 | 6.67 | 1.15 |
13 | 地锦Euphorbia humifusa | 0.05 | 1.14 | 5.71 | 1.24 |
14 | 牵牛Pharbitis nil | 0.06 | 0.95 | 4.76 | 1.12 |
15 | 酸浆Physalis alkekengi | 0.04 | 0.95 | 4.76 | 0.89 |
16 | 野西瓜苗Hibiscus trionum | 0.02 | 0.48 | 2.38 | 0.40 |
表8
转基因大豆施用450 g a.i./hm2草甘膦处理杂草密度、均度、频度及相对多度"
编号 No. | 杂草种类 Weed species | 密度 Density (number/m2) | 均度 Field uniformity (%) | 频度 Frequency (%) | 相对多度 Relative abundance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 打碗花Calystegia hederacea | 37.07 | 66.76 | 92.86 | 61.28 |
2 | 牛筋草Eleusine indica | 48.41 | 64.10 | 93.33 | 44.39 |
3 | 马齿苋Portulaca oleracea | 37.56 | 67.43 | 90.00 | 42.02 |
4 | 马唐Digitaria sanguinalis | 18.18 | 51.05 | 85.24 | 33.19 |
5 | 狗尾草Setaria viridis | 21.43 | 45.71 | 78.57 | 30.21 |
6 | 夏至草Lagopsis supina | 18.43 | 24.95 | 42.38 | 25.13 |
7 | 反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus | 60.25 | 36.00 | 60.95 | 23.28 |
8 | 铁苋菜Acalypha australis | 2.70 | 28.10 | 56.19 | 14.19 |
9 | 苣荬菜Sonchus arvensis | 1.30 | 8.86 | 31.91 | 8.21 |
10 | 藜Chenopodium album | 0.65 | 11.62 | 24.76 | 5.54 |
11 | 地锦Euphorbia humifusa | 0.72 | 5.71 | 16.67 | 3.48 |
12 | 苦荬菜Ixeris polycephala | 0.08 | 2.00 | 6.67 | 1.85 |
13 | 圆叶牵牛Pharbitis purpurea | 0.13 | 1.90 | 9.52 | 1.81 |
14 | 地黄Rehmannia glutinosa | 0.13 | 1.43 | 4.76 | 1.24 |
15 | 泥胡菜Hemistepta lyrata | 0.72 | 1.33 | 3.33 | 1.15 |
16 | 龙葵Solanum nigrum | 0.04 | 0.95 | 4.76 | 0.76 |
17 | 刺儿菜Cirsium setosum | 0.16 | 0.67 | 3.33 | 0.68 |
18 | 稗Echinochloa crusgalli | 0.25 | 0.48 | 2.38 | 0.48 |
19 | 牵牛Pharbitis nil | 0.02 | 0.48 | 2.38 | 0.42 |
20 | 萝藦Metaplexis japonica | 0.02 | 0.48 | 2.38 | 0.35 |
21 | 旋覆花Inula japonica | 0.02 | 0.48 | 2.38 | 0.35 |
表9
转基因大豆施用900 g a.i./hm2草甘膦处理杂草密度、均度、频度及相对多度"
编号 No. | 杂草种类 Weed species | 密度 Density (number/m2) | 均度 Field uniformity (%) | 频度 Frequency (%) | 相对多度 Relative abundance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 打碗花Calystegia hederacea | 35.46 | 77.52 | 95.24 | 60.56 |
2 | 夏至草Lagopsis supina | 90.75 | 40.38 | 55.24 | 48.39 |
3 | 马齿苋Portulaca oleracea | 21.13 | 53.05 | 87.62 | 37.59 |
4 | 牛筋草Eleusine indica | 19.39 | 51.90 | 80.00 | 30.86 |
5 | 狗尾草Setaria viridis | 19.95 | 48.86 | 80.00 | 30.37 |
6 | 反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus | 41.62 | 34.38 | 73.33 | 24.53 |
7 | 马唐Digitaria sanguinalis | 4.74 | 29.14 | 74.76 | 18.73 |
8 | 刺儿菜Cirsium setosum | 3.78 | 14.00 | 27.62 | 8.73 |
9 | 苣荬菜Sonchus arvensis | 4.66 | 13.43 | 30.48 | 8.63 |
10 | 铁苋菜Acalypha australis | 0.77 | 10.86 | 35.24 | 7.83 |
11 | 藜Chenopodium album | 0.54 | 7.52 | 28.10 | 5.41 |
12 | 地黄Rehmannia glutinosa | 3.22 | 4.29 | 7.14 | 3.64 |
13 | 苦荬菜Ixeris polycephala | 0.42 | 4.38 | 11.43 | 3.32 |
14 | 酸模叶蓼Polygonum lapathifolium | 0.64 | 2.67 | 6.67 | 3.27 |
15 | 地锦Euphorbia humifusa | 0.15 | 3.71 | 12.86 | 2.92 |
16 | 泥胡菜Hemistepta lyrata | 2.64 | 4.00 | 10.00 | 2.81 |
17 | 圆叶牵牛Pharbitis purpurea | 0.04 | 0.95 | 4.76 | 0.85 |
18 | 葎草Humulus scandens | 0.04 | 0.95 | 2.38 | 0.50 |
19 | 苘麻Abutilon theophrasti | 0.02 | 0.48 | 2.38 | 0.42 |
20 | 野西瓜苗Hibiscus trionum | 0.02 | 0.48 | 2.38 | 0.33 |
21 | 旋覆花Inula japonica | 0.02 | 0.48 | 2.38 | 0.33 |
表10
转基因大豆施用1 800 g a.i./hm2草甘膦处理杂草密度、均度、频度及相对多度"
编号No. | 杂草种类 Weed species | 密度 Density (number/m2) | 均度 Field uniformity (%) | 频度 Frequency (%) | 相对多度 Relative abundance | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 打碗花Calystegia hederacea | 35.27 | 76.38 | 92.86 | 72.65 | |
2 | 夏至草Lagopsis supina | 57.01 | 34.76 | 50.48 | 47.29 | |
3 | 马齿苋Portulaca oleracea | 19.31 | 47.33 | 83.33 | 35.98 | |
4 | 牛筋草Eleusine indica | 26.20 | 38.86 | 73.33 | 29.31 | |
5 | 狗尾草Setaria viridis | 17.23 | 41.81 | 70.48 | 27.96 | |
6 | 反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus | 31.23 | 20.86 | 52.38 | 16.28 | |
7 | 刺儿菜Cirsium setosum | 9.78 | 17.43 | 30.95 | 14.89 | |
8 | 马唐Digitaria sanguinalis | 3.82 | 21.05 | 53.33 | 13.65 | |
9 | 苣荬菜Sonchus arvensis | 3.44 | 12.95 | 31.43 | 9.91 | |
10 | 铁苋菜Acalypha australis | 1.13 | 11.43 | 34.76 | 8.36 | |
11 | 苦荬菜Ixeris polycephala | 0.73 | 5.52 | 17.14 | 6.22 | |
12 | 地锦Euphorbia humifusa | 0.49 | 4.19 | 16.19 | 4.34 | |
13 | 地黄Rehmannia glutinosa | 1.12 | 4.29 | 7.14 | 3.75 | |
14 | 藜Chenopodium album | 0.36 | 6.67 | 16.67 | 3.63 | |
15 | 泥胡菜Hemistepta lyrata | 1.60 | 3.33 | 10.00 | 2.73 | |
16 | 野西瓜苗Hibiscus trionum | 0.05 | 1.14 | 5.71 | 1.17 | |
17 | 旋覆花Inula japonica | 1.79 | 2.86 | 4.76 | 1.00 | |
18 | 龙葵Solanum nigrum | 0.05 | 0.67 | 3.33 | 0.59 | |
19 | 田旋花Convolvulus arvensis | 0.02 | 0.48 | 2.38 | 0.30 |
表11
转基因大豆施用3 600 g a.i./hm2草甘膦处理杂草密度、均度、频度及相对多度"
编号No. | 杂草种类 Weed species | 密度 Density (number/m2) | 均度 Field uniformity (%) | 频度 Frequency (%) | 相对多度 Relative abundance |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 打碗花Calystegia hederacea | 30.74 | 79.71 | 100.00 | 81.14 |
2 | 狗尾草Setaria viridis | 17.87 | 44.76 | 75.24 | 33.07 |
3 | 马齿苋Portulaca oleracea | 14.34 | 30.76 | 67.62 | 30.90 |
4 | 夏至草Lagopsis supina | 20.72 | 30.29 | 40.95 | 33.24 |
5 | 牛筋草Eleusine indica | 10.33 | 30.67 | 82.86 | 28.02 |
6 | 反枝苋Amaranthus retroflexus | 42.91 | 22.67 | 52.38 | 23.96 |
7 | 马唐Digitaria sanguinalis | 4.17 | 23.43 | 55.24 | 16.67 |
8 | 刺儿菜Cirsium setosum | 8.45 | 14.29 | 30.95 | 14.60 |
9 | 地锦Euphorbia humifusa | 2.91 | 7.62 | 19.05 | 8.04 |
10 | 苣荬菜Sonchus arvensis | 3.00 | 8.48 | 25.71 | 7.57 |
11 | 藜Chenopodium album | 0.28 | 4.67 | 20.95 | 4.46 |
12 | 苦荬菜Ixeris polycephala | 0.46 | 3.90 | 11.43 | 4.39 |
13 | 地黄Rehmannia glutinosa | 1.85 | 4.76 | 7.14 | 4.25 |
14 | 泥胡菜Hemistepta lyrata | 4.48 | 3.33 | 10.00 | 4.21 |
15 | 铁苋菜Acalypha australis | 0.48 | 5.14 | 18.57 | 3.74 |
16 | 野西瓜苗Hibiscus trionum | 0.03 | 0.67 | 3.33 | 0.64 |
17 | 独行菜Lepidium apetalum | 0.04 | 0.48 | 2.38 | 0.43 |
18 | 稗Echinochloa crusgalli | 0.13 | 0.48 | 2.38 | 0.33 |
19 | 旋覆花Inula japonica | 0.02 | 0.48 | 2.38 | 0.32 |
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