中国农业科学 ›› 2019, Vol. 52 ›› Issue (16): 2845-2857.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.16.010
王文鑫1,王文龙1,2(),郭明明1,王天超1,康宏亮1,杨波1,赵满1,陈卓鑫1
收稿日期:
2019-05-09
接受日期:
2019-06-11
出版日期:
2019-08-16
发布日期:
2019-08-21
通讯作者:
王文龙
作者简介:
王文鑫,Tel:18829353176;E-mail:基金资助:
WANG WenXin1,WANG WenLong1,2(),GUO MingMing1,WANG TianChao1,KANG HongLiang1,YANG Bo1,ZHAO Man1,CHEN ZhuoXin1
Received:
2019-05-09
Accepted:
2019-06-11
Online:
2019-08-16
Published:
2019-08-21
Contact:
WenLong WANG
摘要:
【目的】沟头是黄土高塬沟壑区发育最活跃的地貌部位,关系着整个塬坡沟系统的水土流失。探明黄土高塬沟壑区植被恢复对沟头土壤团聚体特征及土壤可蚀性的影响,为区域生态环境修复和水土保持效益评价提供科学依据。【方法】以仍进行耕作利用的农地沟头为对照,研究撂荒后自然恢复植被沟头不同土层(0—10、10—25、25—40 cm)土壤团聚体特征及土壤可蚀性随植被恢复年限(3—30 a)的变化。通过干筛法和湿筛法测定土壤团聚体组成,计算>0.25 mm水稳性团聚体含量(WR0.25)、平均重量直径(MWD)、几何平均直径(GMD)、团聚体破坏率(PAD)、团聚体分形维数(D)等团聚体特征值,测定土壤机械组成及有机质含量,计算土壤可蚀性因子(K)。【结果】(1)与农地沟头相比,恢复3—30 a植被沟头土壤WR0.25、MWD、GMD分别增加11.49%—84.43%、0.18—2.05倍、7.53%—108.62%,三者随植被恢复年限的增加呈线性递增关系(P<0.01),且均随土层深度增加而减小;(2)植被沟头土壤PAD、D随植被恢复年限增加以线性方式递减(P<0.01),较农地沟头分别减小3.81%—32.14%、0.55%—6.63%,二者随土层深度增加而增大;(3)随着植被恢复年限增加沟头土壤可蚀性因子K以线性关系递减(P<0.01),较农地沟头减小5.43%—14.44%,K随着土层深度增加而增大。【结论】植被恢复条件下有机质含量的提升对团聚体形成和稳定性起着重要的作用。沟头土壤可蚀性的减小与水稳性团聚体含量的增加、团聚体稳定性的提高密切相关,自然恢复条件下植被恢复22—30 a沟头土壤团聚体稳定性和抗蚀性能得到明显提升。
王文鑫,王文龙,郭明明,王天超,康宏亮,杨波,赵满,陈卓鑫. 黄土高塬沟壑区植被恢复对沟头土壤团聚体特征及土壤可蚀性的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(16): 2845-2857.
WANG WenXin,WANG WenLong,GUO MingMing,WANG TianChao,KANG HongLiang,YANG Bo,ZHAO Man,CHEN ZhuoXin. Effects of Natural Vegetation Restoration on Characteristics of Soil Aggregate and Soil Erodibility of Gully Heads in Gully Region of the Loess Plateau[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(16): 2845-2857.
表1
样地基本情况"
样地编号 Site code | 恢复年限 Restoration age (a) | 优势种群落 Dominant species | 坡度 Slope (°) | 坡向 Aspect | 海拔 Altitude (m) | 植被覆盖度 Vegetation coverage (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 0 | 玉米 Zea mays | 2 | N66°E | 1301 | - |
2 | S | 1275 | - | |||
3 | N52°E | 1358 | - | |||
NR3 | 3 | 猪毛蒿 Artemisia scoparia | 2 | S30°W | 1360 | 45 |
3 | S30°E | 1323 | 46 | |||
4 | S36°W | 1351 | 44 | |||
NR8 | 8 | 冰草+铁杆蒿 Agropyron cristatum+Artemisia sacrorum | 4 | S41°W | 1269 | 55 |
5 | S48°E | 1303 | 55 | |||
5 | E | 1271 | 58 | |||
NR15 | 15 | 铁杆蒿 Artemisia sacrorum | 3 | N62°E | 1267 | 63 |
4 | N49°E | 1272 | 64 | |||
5 | S | 1289 | 61 | |||
NR22 | 22 | 铁杆蒿+白羊草 Artemisia sacrorum+Bothriochloa ischaemum | 6 | S43°E | 1343 | 72 |
6 | S25°W | 1278 | 76 | |||
7 | S | 1302 | 78 | |||
NR30 | 30 | 白羊草 Bothriochloa ischaemum | 3 | E | 1262 | 83 |
4 | S | 1272 | 75 | |||
5 | S51°E | 1265 | 76 |
表2
沟头不同恢复年限样地WR0.25、MWD、GMD "
样地编号 Site code | 土层Soil layer (cm) | WR0.25 (%) | MWD (mm) | GMD (mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 0—10 | 28.194±2.239Da | 0.442±0.037Da | 0.210±0.010Ea |
10—25 | 26.410±1.248Dab | 0.374±0.014Cb | 0.196±0.002Da | |
25—40 | 22.910±0.304Db | 0.311±0.005Dc | 0.181±0.001Db | |
0—40 | 25.838±2.653D | 0.376±0.058E | 0.196±0.013E | |
NR3 | 0—10 | 32.519±2.440Da | 0.520±0.043Da | 0.230±0.013DEa |
10—25 | 29.335±0.735Da | 0.460±0.018Ca | 0.213±0.004Da | |
25—40 | 24.757±0.421Db | 0.352±0.017Db | 0.189±0.002Db | |
0—40 | 28.870±3.518D | 0.444±0.075E | 0.211±0.019E | |
NR8 | 0—10 | 38.078±2.010Ca | 0.674±0.060Ca | 0.271±0.016Da |
10—25 | 35.183±1.727Ca | 0.625±0.050Bab | 0.255±0.013Cab | |
25—40 | 30.944±0.983Cb | 0.539±0.003Cb | 0.230±0.003Cb | |
0—40 | 34.735±3.353C | 0.613±0.072D | 0.252±0.021D | |
NR15 | 0—10 | 44.081±1.227Ca | 0.784±0.012Ca | 0.315±0.005Ca |
10—25 | 40.119±1.705Bb | 0.694±0.037Bb | 0.285±0.012Cb | |
25—40 | 37.946±1.326Bb | 0.651±0.028Bb | 0.269±0.008Bb | |
0—40 | 40.715±2.917B | 0.710±0.062C | 0.290±0.021C | |
NR22 | 0—10 | 48.641±2.158ABa | 1.139±0.072Ba | 0.412±0.024Ba |
10—25 | 46.441±2.370Aa | 1.061±0.079Aab | 0.382±0.023Ba | |
25—40 | 39.771±1.237ABb | 0.877±0.082Ab | 0.316±0.021Ab | |
0—40 | 44.951±4.261A | 1.026±0.135B | 0.370±0.046B | |
NR30 | 0—10 | 52.439±2.424Aa | 1.312±0.064Aa | 0.477±0.035Aa |
10—25 | 49.297±1.889Aa | 1.168±0.081Aa | 0.419±0.028Aa | |
25—40 | 41.383±1.247Ab | 0.952±0.053Ab | 0.336±0.016Ab | |
0—40 | 47.706±5.030A | 1.144±0.162A | 0.411±0.064A |
表3
沟头不同恢复年限样地土壤颗粒组成及有机质含量"
样地编号 Site code | 土层 Soil layer (cm) | 黏粒含量CLA Clay content (%) | 粉粒含量SIL Silt content (%) | 砂粒含量SAN Sand content (%) | 有机质含量SOM Soil organic matter content (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
CK | 0—10 | 17.95±0.38BCa | 64.40±1.00ABb | 17.66±0.75BCa | 0.81±0.04Da |
10—25 | 16.44±0.45Cab | 65.77±0.35Bab | 17.78±0.70Aa | 0.77±0.01Ea | |
25—40 | 14.98±1.49Cb | 66.76±1.06Ba | 18.26±1.84Aa | 0.56±0.05Ab | |
0—40 | 16.46±1.52C | 65.65±1.30C | 17.90±1.24A | 0.72±0.12F | |
NR3 | 0—10 | 20.11±1.73ABa | 66.33±0.95ABab | 13.56±0.94Ca | 1.00±0.27Da |
10—25 | 19.70±0.99ABa | 65.63±0.37Bb | 14.67±0.62Ba | 1.02±0.05Da | |
25—40 | 18.05±0.50Ba | 67.50±0.36Ba | 14.46±0.80Ba | 0.79±0.12Ba | |
0—40 | 19.28±1.49B | 66.49±0.99ABC | 14.23±0.93CD | 0.94±0.20E | |
NR8 | 0—10 | 17.93±0.45BCa | 65.99±1.08ABa | 16.08±0.91BCa | 1.52±0.03Ca |
10—25 | 19.40±1.31Ba | 66.83±0.51ABa | 13.77±1.66BCa | 1.21±0.03Cb | |
25—40 | 18.62±0.21Ba | 67.62±0.59Ba | 13.76±0.54BCa | 1.09±0.04Cc | |
0—40 | 18.65±1.01B | 66.81±1.02AB | 14.54±1.58BC | 1.27±0.19D | |
NR15 | 0—10 | 20.43±1.15Aa | 63.91±0.49Bc | 15.66±1.46BCa | 1.76±0.10Ca |
10—25 | 21.96±0.38Aa | 65.95±0.26Bb | 12.09±0.32Cb | 1.26±0.08Cb | |
25—40 | 21.51±2.32Aa | 67.26±0.63Ba | 11.24±1.99CDb | 1.15±0.04Cb | |
0—40 | 21.30±1.64A | 65.71±1.46BC | 13.00±2.39D | 1.39±0.28C | |
NR22 | 0—10 | 17.85±0.41Ca | 66.52±0.98Ab | 15.64±0.69BCa | 2.20±0.11Ba |
10—25 | 19.59±1.99ABa | 65.83±1.79Bb | 14.58±1.12Ba | 1.82±0.15Bb | |
25—40 | 20.63±0.48ABa | 69.97±0.56Aa | 9.40±0.56Db | 1.19±0.00Cc | |
0—40 | 19.36±1.66B | 67.44±2.19A | 13.21±2.85CD | 1.73±0.43B | |
NR30 | 0—10 | 14.05±0.81Dc | 64.49±1.47ABb | 21.46±2.23Aa | 3.06±0.24Aa |
10—25 | 16.19±0.18Cb | 67.90±0.59Aa | 15.91±0.74ABb | 2.09±0.11Ab | |
25—40 | 21.65±1.06Aa | 68.46±1.26ABa | 9.89±0.22Dc | 1.33±0.03Dc | |
0—40 | 17.30±3.29C | 66.96±2.11A | 15.75±4.92B | 2.16±0.72A |
表4
沟头土壤可蚀性与土壤团聚体特征、机械组成、有机质含量的相关性"
指标 Index | WR0.25 | MWD | GMD | PAD | D | CLA | SIL | SAN | SOM | K |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
WR0.25 | 1 | |||||||||
MWD | 0.970** | 1 | ||||||||
GMD | 0.969** | 0.994** | 1 | |||||||
PAD | -0.907** | -0.851** | -0.873** | 1 | ||||||
D | -0.972** | -0.999** | -0.997** | 0.860** | 1 | |||||
CLA | 0.042 | -0.078 | -0.142 | 0.088 | 0.097 | 1 | ||||
SIL | -0.050 | 0.055 | -0.018 | 0.377 | -0.030 | 0.252 | 1 | |||
SAN | -0.007 | 0.031 | 0.116 | -0.254 | -0.058 | -0.876** | -0.687** | 1 | ||
SOM | 0.917** | 0.919** | 0.946** | -0.903** | -0.929** | -0.278 | -0.237 | 0.326 | 1 | |
K | -0.961** | -0.940** | -0.933** | 0.838** | 0.940** | -0.155 | -0.041 | 0.137 | -0.885** | 1 |
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