根灌乙酸及葡萄酒对海水胁迫下葡萄光抑制的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.21.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】为了扩大盐渍化土壤的高效利用方式,提高葡萄在盐渍化土壤上的生长发育质量,探讨乙酸与葡萄酒对15%海水胁迫下葡萄叶片光抑制的影响,为盐渍化土壤葡萄栽培技术改良提供理论依据和技术参考。【方法】以一年生‘摩尔多瓦’葡萄(‘Moldova’)盆栽苗为试材,定植于直径为20 cm、高度为18 cm的塑料盆内,每盆土和基质的比例为1﹕1,置于日光温室内。培养条件为日均温在25℃左右,温室内透光率不低于自然光照强度的50%,其中最高光强在800 μmol·m ^-2·s ^-1,相对湿度在40%—60%,正常肥水管理至8—10片完全展开叶时,进行海水和外源乙酸处理。进行15%海水浇灌的同时,分别浇灌30 mmol·L ^-1乙酸、2%葡萄酒,以浇灌清水为对照,每个处理重复5盆,各处理均浇灌3次,每隔2 d浇灌一次,浇灌量为基质持水量的2倍,约1/3的溶液流出, 每次浇灌后第2天测定叶绿素荧光指标,处理到第10天后,解析植株取样分析二者对海水胁迫下丙二醛(MDA)含量、叶绿素含量以及根系活力的影响。【结果】15%海水灌溉显著增加了葡萄各器官的MDA含量,显著降低了葡萄叶片叶绿素含量和根系活力,其中,与清水对照相比,根、茎、叶中MDA含量分别提高了1.10、0.27、0.41倍,叶绿素含量降低了18.5%,根系活力降低了41.9%,而浇灌30 mmol·L ^-1乙酸及2%葡萄酒处理显著降低了葡萄各器官中的MDA含量,其中,浇灌乙酸处理的根、茎、叶中MDA含量比海水胁迫分别降低了29.3%、20.6%、15.8%;浇灌葡萄酒处理的根、茎、叶中MDA含量分别比海水胁迫的降低了29.4%、20.2%、25.2%。浇灌乙酸及葡萄酒处理显著提高了葡萄叶片的叶绿素含量和根系活力,其中,根系活力分别比海水胁迫处理的显著提高了68.4%和56.9%,叶绿素含量则分别提高了18.8%和20.3%。叶绿素荧光分析表明,15%海水灌溉导致叶片光系统II（PSII）最大光化学效率(F_v/F_m)及最大光氧化P700 (P_m)明显下降,其中第3、6、9天的P_m分别比对照下降了5.0%、9.6%、13.0%,光化学淬灭系数(qP)和PSII实际光化学效率Y(II)逐渐下降,而PSII处可调节性能量耗散的量子产额Y(NPQ)及非调节性能量耗散的量子产额Y(NO)均逐渐升高,PSI供体端侧抑制程度Y(ND)未发生明显变化,但是PSI受体侧抑制程度Y(NA)逐渐升高,导致PSI的实际光化学效率Y(I)降低。根灌乙酸及葡萄酒可以显著缓解15%海水胁迫,PSII及PSI实际光化学效率显著升高,而用于热耗散的能量分配明显降低,从而提高了葡萄叶片的光合性能,其中以2%葡萄酒处理缓解效果较明显。【结论】根灌乙酸及葡萄酒显著提高15%海水胁迫下葡萄根系活力及叶绿素含量,缓解叶片光抑制程度,从而提高了葡萄对海水胁迫环境下的适应性,研究结果为残次果加工果酒、果渣及醋等的综合利用改良盐渍化土壤提供了理论依据。

关键词: 葡萄, 海水, 光抑制, 乙酸, 葡萄酒, 叶绿素荧光

Abstract:

【Objective】In order to expand the effective utilization of salinized soil and improve the quality of grape growth and development in salinized soil, the effects of acetic acid and wine on leaf photoinhibition under 15% seawater stress were studied. The result will provide a theoretical basis and technical reference for the improvement of grape cultivation techniques in salinized soil. 【Method】One-year old potted ‘Moldova’ seedlings were grown in plastic pots (with a diameter of 20 cm, and a height of 18 cm). The ratio of soil to substrate in each pot was 1﹕1 and the pots were placed in greenhouse. The culture conditions of the greenhouse were as follows: the average daily temperature was about 25℃, the light transmittance was more than 50% of natural light intensity, the maximum light intensity was 800 μmol·m ^-2·s ^-1, the relative humidity was 40%-60%, and the normal fertilizer and water was managed until 8-10 pieces of fully expanded leaves, then the seawater and exogenous acetic acid were used. The plants were irrigated with 15% seawater, 30 mmol·L ^-1 exogenous acetic acid and 2% wine at the same time, each treatment repeated 5 times, the controls were treated with clear water. Each treatment was irrigated every 2 days and 3 times, the irrigation amount was 2 times of water holding capacity, and about 1/3 of the solution leaked out, chlorophyll fluorescence indicators were determined on the 2nd day of irrigation, after 10 days treatment, the effects of the two methods on malondialdehyde (MDA) content, chlorophyll content, and root activity under seawater stress were analyzed.【Result】15% seawater treatment significantly decreased the chlorophyll content of leaf and root activity, but increased MDA content of root, stem and leaf. Compared with clear water control, the chlorophyll content decreased by 18.5% and root activity decreased by 41.9%. MDA content of root, stem and leaf increased by 1.10, 0.27 and 0.41 times, respectively. However, 30 mmol·L ^-1 acetic acid and 2% wine treatments significantly decreased the MDA content in grape. The MDA content in root, stem and leaf of grape treated with acetic acid decreased by 29.3%, 20.6% and 15.8%, respectively, compared with that of seawater stress, and the MDA content in root, stem and leaf of grape treated with wine decreased by 29.4%, 20.2% and 25.2%, respectively, compared with that of seawater stress. Irrigated with acetic acid and wine significantly increased the leaf chlorophyll content and root activity. Compared with seawater stress treatment, the root activity increased by 68.4% and 56.9%, and the chlorophyll content increased by 18.8% and 20.3%, respectively. The analysis of chlorophyll fluorescence showed that 15% seawater treatment decreased the levels of photosystem II (PSII) maximum photochemical efficiency (F_v/F_m) and the maximum photo-oxidizable P700 (P_m). The Pm on the 3rd, 6th, and 9th day decreased by 5.0%, 9.6% and 13.0% compared with the control, the levels of photochemical quenching coefficient (qP) and PSII actual photochemical efficiency (YII) decreased gradually, but the quantum yield of regulated energy dissipation Y (NPQ) and the quantum yield of non-regulated energy dissipation Y (NO) increased gradually. The nonphotochemical quantum yield due to PSI donor side limitation Y (ND) changed little, but the nonphotochemical quantum yield due to PSI acceptor side limitation Y (NA) increased gradually, resulting in the decrease of PSI actual photochemical efficiency Y (I). The irrigation of 30 mmol·L ^-1 acetic acid and 2% wine significantly relieved the stress of 15% seawater. The actual photochemical efficiency of PSI and PSII increased significantly, meanwhile the energy dissipated through heat decreased, then enhanced the efficiency of light energy utilization of grape leaves, in which 2% wine treatment showed a more obvious alleviated effect.【Conclusion】Irrigation of acetic acid and wine significantly improved root activity and chlorophyll content, which alleviated the photoinhibition level and improved the adaptability of grape to saline environment. The results provided a theoretical basis for the use of extract of wine lees to improvement of coastal saline soil.

Key words: grape, seawater, photoinhibition, acetic acid, wine, chlorophyll fluorescence

王辉,高玉录,于梦,杜远鹏,孙永江,翟衡. 根灌乙酸及葡萄酒对海水胁迫下葡萄光抑制的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(21): 4210-4218.

Hui WANG,YuLu GAO,Meng YU,YuanPeng DU,YongJiang SUN,Heng ZHAI. Effect of Root Irrigation of Acetic Acid and Wine on Photoinhibition of Grape Under Seawater Stress[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(21): 4210-4218.

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处理 Treatment	土壤pH Soil pH	土壤容重 Soil bulk density (g·cm^-2)	土壤含水量 Soil moisture content (%)
清水对照Clear water control	7.48±0.06a	0.89±0.04a	21.6±1.6a
海水Seawater	7.53±0.08a	0.94±0.03a	24.6±3.4a
乙酸+海水Acetic acid + seawater	7.42±0.06a	0.86±0.09a	23.0±1.1a
葡萄酒+海水Wine + seawater	7.44±0.06a	0.83±0.04a	22.5±3.4a

处理 Treatment	丙二醛含量Malondialdehyde content (μmol·g^-1FW )
处理 Treatment	根Root	茎Stem	叶Leaf
清水对照Clear water control	6.76±0.06c	8.34±0.04b	12.44±0.04d
海水Seawater	14.20±0.03a	10.58±0.09a	17.52±0.09a
乙酸+海水Acetic acid + seawater	10.04±0.03b	8.40±0.03b	14.76±0.07b
葡萄酒+海水Wine + seawater	10.02±0.03b	8.44±0.06b	13.10±0.09c