中国农业科学 ›› 2018, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (10): 1890-1898.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.10.008

所属专题: 机械粒收推动玉米生产方式转型

• 耕作栽培·生理生化·农业信息技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于品种熟期和籽粒脱水特性的机收粒玉米 适宜播期与收获期分析

张万旭1,2(), 明博2(), 王克如2, 刘朝巍1, 侯鹏2, 陈江鲁3, 张国强1,2, 杨京京3, 车淑玲4, 谢瑞芝2(), 李少昆1,2()   

  1. 1石河子大学农学院/新疆生产建设兵团绿洲生态农业重点实验室,新疆石河子 832003
    2中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业部作物生理生态重点实验室,北京 100081
    3新疆生产建设兵团第六师农业科学研究所,新疆五家渠 831301
    4新疆生产建设兵团第六师奇台农场气象站,新疆奇台 831809
  • 收稿日期:2018-01-18 接受日期:2018-04-10 出版日期:2018-05-16 发布日期:2018-05-16
  • 联系方式: 联系方式:张万旭,Tel:13094042202;E-mail:xuuxsun@foxmail.com。明博,E-mail:mingbo@caas.cn。张万旭和明博为同等贡献作者。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划(2016YFD0300605)、国家自然科学基金(31371575,31360302)、国家玉米产业技术体系项目(CARS-02-25)、中国农业科学院农业科技创新工程、新疆生产建设兵团第六师五家渠市科技项目(1703)

Analysis of Sowing and Harvesting Allocation of Maize Based on Cultivar Maturity and Grain Dehydration Characteristics

WanXu ZHANG1,2(), Bo MING2(), KeRu WANG2, ChaoWei LIU1, Peng HOU2, JiangLu CHEN3, GuoQiang ZHANG1,2, JingJing YANG3, ShuLing CHE4, RuiZhi XIE2(), ShaoKun LI1,2()   

  1. 1Agricultural College, Shihezi University/Key Laboratory of Oasis Ecology Agriculture, Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Shihezi 832003, Xinjiang
    2Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100081
    3 Institute of Agricultural Science, the Sixth Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Wujiaqu 831301, Xinjiang
    4 Qitai Farm Meteorological Station, the Sixth Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, Qitai 831809, Xinjiang
  • Received:2018-01-18 Accepted:2018-04-10 Published:2018-05-16 Online:2018-05-16

摘要:

目的 规模化生产条件下,需要兼顾产量和效率的协同提高。通过合理配置不同熟期品种及播期,能够延长播种和收获的机械作业时间,提高机械利用效率和玉米生产效率。方法 本研究于2015—2017年,选用KWS9384、新玉77和M751 3种不同熟期的主栽玉米品种,观测籽粒含水率变化动态,建立基于授粉后积温(≥0℃)的籽粒含水率预测模型,结合当地气象数据,分析不同品种的播种与收获时期。结果 结果表明,不同熟期品种的产量和适播期不同。早熟品种KWS9384适宜播期和收获期更长,但产量较晚熟品种低;晚熟品种新玉77和M751产量高,但满足生理成熟及脱水至适宜机械粒收含水率的时间更长。通过早熟品种和晚熟品种的搭配,可以有效延长玉米播种及机械粒收的作业时间;早播晚熟品种、晚播早熟品种的配置方案,能够较好地协调产量和籽粒脱水的关系。结论 通过分析不同品种适宜播种期及其相应的适宜收获期,提出了高产高效协同生产目标下的品种和播期配置原则,实现特定生态和生产条件下机具利用效率和效益的最大化,为相关技术需求的研究和应用提供思路。

关键词: 玉米, 机械籽粒收获, 籽粒含水率, 适宜收获期, 规模化生产

Abstract:

【Objective】 Yield and production efficiency are two equally important things under the condition of large-scale production. The sowing time and the harvesting time can be prolonged by various combinations of sowing date and different maturity cultivars, thus improving the utilization efficiency of combine machine and the maize production efficiency.【Method】 In this study, three maize cultivars, including KWS9384, Xinyu77 and M751, with different growth stages were selected to monitor the dynamic process of grain moisture content from 2015 to 2017. The predictive relationship model between the grain moisture content and the accumulated temperature (> 0°C) after pollination was established to analyze the key growth nodes of different combinations based on the local meteorological data.【Result】 The results showed that there were significant differences of grain yield and suitable sowing date between cultivars. The early maturity cultivar KWS9384 had a longer time of sowing and harvesting but a lower yield compared with the late maturity cultivars. The late maturity cultivars Xinyu77 and M751 both had higher yields but they needed more time to finish physiological maturity and to dry down grain to meet grain mechanical harvest. The combination plans of late maturity cultivar/early sowing or early maturity cultivar/late sowing could be used to coordinate the relationship between yield and grain moisture content, thus extending the sowing time and the grain harvesting time.【Conclusion】 This paper studied on the suitable sowing time and harvesting time of different maturity cultivars and gave the combination principle of cultivar and sowing date under the background of high yield and high efficiency production. The principle could maximize the utilization efficiency and benefit of combine machine under the specific ecology and production condition. This study provided the new information regarding the relevant researches and application of the maize grain mechanical harvesting technology.

Key words: maize, mechanical grain harvest, grain moisture content, suitable harvest period, large-scale production