微生物源挥发性化合物苯并噻唑对灰霉病菌的抑制效应

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.19.008

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】评价挥发性化合物苯并噻唑防治灰霉病的应用潜力，为进一步开发利用提供依据。【方法】采用密封盘菌丝生长速率法测定山东省73株灰霉病菌（Botrytis cinerea）对苯并噻唑的敏感性，并比较不同地区和不同表现型菌株（多菌灵抗性和敏感菌株：Car^R，Car^S；腐霉利抗性和敏感菌株：Prc^R，Prc^S；嘧霉胺抗性和敏感菌株：Pyr^R，Pyr^S；啶酰菌胺抗性和敏感菌株：Bos^R，Bos^S）间的敏感性差异；测定苯并噻唑与多菌灵、啶酰菌胺室内混用对灰霉病菌的抑制作用。通过离体黄瓜叶片接种试验验证苯并噻唑对黄瓜灰霉病的保护、治疗效果以及不同熏蒸剂量和时间对灰霉病菌致病力的影响，并用扫描电子显微镜观察苯并噻唑对灰霉菌丝形态的影响。【结果】苯并噻唑对灰霉病菌菌丝的EC₅₀范围为0.38—1.08 μL·L^-1，均值为0.62 μL·L^-1，不同地区之间无敏感性差异；山东地区多菌灵、腐霉利、嘧霉胺、啶酰菌胺抗性和敏感灰霉病菌对苯并噻唑均比较敏感，说明这4种杀菌剂与苯并噻唑无交互抗性；在苯并噻唑0.1—3 μL·L^-1范围内，菌丝比孢子对其更敏感；2 μL·L^-1苯并噻唑对菌丝的抑制率高达86.12%，对芽管伸长的抑制率为55.15%，而对孢子萌发的抑制率仅为19.30%。可见，病菌不同生长阶段对此化合物的敏感性不同。苯并噻唑与多菌灵混用防治黄瓜灰霉病无增效或相加作用，两者混用时哪种药剂发挥主要抑菌作用与各组分在混用中使用的浓度和比例有关；苯并噻唑与啶酰菌胺混用有显著增效作用，其田间实际应用方式、效果以及增效机制还有待进一步明确。离体叶片试验表明，苯并噻唑对黄瓜灰霉病兼具保护和治疗防效，2 μL·L^-1的治疗防效为91.01%，高于对照药剂啶酰菌胺300 mg·L^-1（78.90%），并显著高于48.25%的保护防效。苯并噻唑能够显著降低灰霉病菌菌丝的致病力，受抑制程度与苯并噻唑浓度呈正相关。扫描电镜观察发现，苯并噻唑能够使菌丝形态异常，菌丝干瘪，分枝增多，表面凹陷。【结论】苯并噻唑对山东省不同地区的灰霉病菌均有较高的毒力，适合作为防治灰霉病的熏蒸剂使用。

关键词: 挥发性化合物, 苯并噻唑, 灰霉病菌, 毒力, 敏感性

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of this study is to evaluate the application potential of microbial volatile compound benzothiazole on Botrytis cinerea, and to provide a valuable information for further exploitation and utilization.【Method】The sensitivity of 73 B. cinerea isolates in Shandong Province to benzothiazole was measured by mycelium growth rate of sealed dishes method. The sensitivity differences among different regions and phynotypes of B. cinerea isolates (resistant and sensitive to carbendazim, procymidone, pyrimethanil or boscalid: Car^R, Car^S, Prc^R, Prc^S, Pyr^R, Pyr^S, Bos^R, Bos^S) were compared. The combination efficiencies on B. cinerea of benzothiazole with carbendazim or boscalid were determined. The protective and curative effect of benzothiazole against cucumber gray mold, and the effects of benzothiazole at different doses and fumigation times on the pathogenicity of B. cinerea were determined on detached cucumber leaves. The mycelial morphology of B. cinerea treated by benzothiazole was observed with scanning electron microscope (SEM). 【Result】 All the tested B. cinerea isolates were sensitive to benzothiazole, range of EC₅₀from 0.38 to 1.08 μL·L^-1, with a mean EC₅₀ value at 0.62 μL·L^-1. There was no sensitivity difference among different regions. All the phynotypes of isolates (Car^R, Car^S, Prc^R, Prc^S, Pyr^R, Pyr^S, Bos^R, Bos^S) were sensitive to benzothiazole, suggesting that there was no cross-resistance between these fungicides and benzothiazole. In the range of 0.1-3 μL·L^-1 of benzothiazole, mycelia were more sensitive than spores to benzothiazole. The inhibition rate of 2 μL·L^-1 benzothiazole for mycelial growth, germ tube elongation and spore germination was 86.12%, 55.15%, and 19.30%, respectively. It is suggested that the sensitivities of different growth stages of B. cinerea to benzothiazole were different. There was no synergism when benzothiazole combined with carbendazim, and which active ingredient performed the main antifungal activity depended on the concentration and proportion of each compound in the mixture. The synergism of benzothiazole combined with boscalid was obvious, but the exact field practical application method, efficacy and mechanism of synergism remains to be further investigated. The result of in vitro leaf test showed that benzothiazole had protective and curative effect against cucumber gray mold, and the curative effect was superior to the protective effect. The curative effect of 2 μL·L^-1 benzothiazole against cucumber gray mold was 91.01%, which was higher than the control fungicide boscalid at 300 mg·L^-1(78.90%) and the protective effect (48.25%). Benzothiazole could significantly reduce the pathogenicity of B. cinerea mycelia on detached cucumber leaves, and the inhibition level was positively correlated with the concentration of benzothiazole. The results of SEM images indicated that benzothiazole caused large alterations in mycelial morphology of B. cinerea, showing a wrinkled surface and anomalous branching of the terminal mycelia. 【Conclusion】Benzothiazole has high toxicity to B. cinerea in different regions of Shandong Province, which indicates that benzothiazole could be applied as a fumigant for controlling gray mold.

Key words: volatile compounds')">

volatile compounds, benzothiazole, Botrytis cinerea, toxicity, sensitivity

崔凯娣，黄学屏，何磊鸣，翟永彪，慕卫，刘峰. 微生物源挥发性化合物苯并噻唑对灰霉病菌的抑制效应[J]. 中国农业科学, 2017, 50(19): 3714-3722.

CUI KaiDi, HUANG XuePing, HE LeiMing, ZHAI YongBiao, MU Wei, LIU Feng. The Inhibition Effect of Microbial Volatile Compound Benzothiazole on Botrytis cinerea[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(19): 3714-3722.

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