人畜共患病病原——猪螺杆菌及其研究进展

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.06.019

中国农业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (6): 1278-1286.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.06.019

• 畜牧·兽医·资源昆虫 • 上一篇

人畜共患病病原——猪螺杆菌及其研究进展

张广智^1,²,王明艳^1,²,罗毅³,徐世行³,何顺东⁴,崔尚金^1,²()

1 中国农业科学院北京畜牧兽医研究所,北京 100193
2 农业部兽用药物与兽医生物技术北京科学观测实验站,北京 100193
3 沈阳市动物疫病预防控制中心,沈阳 110034
4 沈阳市沈河区市场监管事务服务与行政执法中心,沈阳 110161

收稿日期:2019-04-11 接受日期:2019-09-11 出版日期:2020-03-16 发布日期:2020-04-09
通讯作者: 崔尚金
作者简介:张广智,E-mail：zgz_126com@126.com。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金(31873019);中国农业科学院创新工程计划(ASTIP-IAS15)

The Zoonotic Bacterium-Helicobacter suis and Its Research Progress

GuangZhi ZHANG^1,²,MingYan WANG^1,²,Yi LUO³,ShiHang XU³,ShunDong HE⁴,ShangJin CUI^1,²()

1 Institute of Animal Sciences, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100193
2 Scientific Observation and Experiment Station of Veterinary Drugs and Diagnostic Technology of Beijing, Ministry of Agriculture, Beijing 100193
3 Center for Animal Disease Control and Prevention, Shenyang 110034
4 Market Supervision Service and Administrative Law Enforcement Center, Shenhe District, Shenyang 110161

Received:2019-04-11 Accepted:2019-09-11 Online:2020-03-16 Published:2020-04-09
Contact: ShangJin CUI

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

猪螺杆菌 (Helicobacter suis, H. suis),革兰氏阴性菌,具有典型螺旋状外形,菌体末端因有平均4—10个鞭毛而具有高度的活动性。猪螺杆菌是一种重要人畜共患病病原, 近些年才被比利时科学家分离并成功体外培养。猪螺杆菌不同于主要感染人的幽门螺旋杆菌,猪螺杆菌主要感染大部分的猪,处于屠宰年龄的猪的感染率约在60%—95%。猪螺杆菌感染主要导致猪发生胃炎,胃部不适和降低猪的体重增加率。更重要的是,猪螺杆菌也感染部分人,造成患者发生各种胃部不适、胃病甚至胃癌（如粘膜相关淋巴组织淋巴瘤）。猪螺杆菌感染后虽然引发了机体强烈的先天免疫和适应性免疫应答,但是该菌进化了数种毒力因子用来逃避免疫系统的监控,最终可以持续地定植在宿主胃内,破坏胃上皮细胞稳态,引发慢性炎症,甚至胃癌。目前科学家对于猪螺杆菌的传播途径还不是很清楚,猪肉和相关制品,唾液,粪便可能是造成细菌传播的途径。猪、小鼠和蒙古沙鼠是目前常用的研究猪螺杆菌致病机理的动物模型。虽然猪螺杆菌对猪的健康、生产性能和动物福利乃至人的健康有重要影响,但是由于猪螺杆菌分离培养比较困难,细菌体外培养需要微需氧环境（85%N₂,10%CO₂和5%O₂）,国内对猪螺杆菌研究相对较少,一般主要涉及细菌的检测方面。目前,关于猪螺杆菌致病机理的资料比较少。通过分析猪螺杆菌基因组结合已知发现,大家推测该菌可能通过以下几个机制来干扰或逃避宿主防御应答：鞭毛的高度运动性和对酸的中和能力、对胃上皮细胞的较高黏附性、对氧化应激压力的解毒能力、诱导细胞死亡和免疫调节等。鉴于此,本文作者结合多年猪螺杆菌研究经历以及文献资料从猪螺杆菌的研究历史、细菌的基本特征和培养条件、流行现状、致病机理和国内外研究现状等几个方面进行了详细综述,旨在提高国内对猪螺杆菌及其致病性的认识和重视程度,也为猪螺杆菌未来的研究和防控提供重要的参考和指导。

关键词: 猪螺杆菌, 人畜共患病病原, 胃病, 毒力因子, 致病机理

Abstract:

Helicobacter suis (H. suis), a Gram negative bacterium, has a typical spiral-shaped morphology and it is highly motile by means of 4-10 flagella at both ends of the cells. H. suis is a vital zoonotic pathogen, and is identified and only recently isolated successfully in vitro by Belgian scientists. Different from H. pylori which mainly colonizes the human stomach, H. suis colonizes the majority of the porcine stomach, and infection rate in pigs at slaughter age can reach 60%-95%, causing gastritis, gastric disorders and decreased weight gain. More importantly, H. suis also infects a minority of human, leading to diverse gastric disorders, gastric diseases even gastric cancer (Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma). Although vigorous innate and adaptive immune response in hosts are induced by H. suis infection, H. suis has evolved series of virulence factors to evade the host immune surveillance to persistently colonize the host stomach, resulting in disruption of gastric homeostasis, induction of chronic inflammation and gastric cancer. Currently scientists are not aware of the transmission route of this bacterium, and pork and related products, saliva and faeces are the most possible carriers for transmission. Pigs, mice and Mongolian gerbils are common animal models to study the pathogenesis of H. suis infection. Although H. suis has substantial effects on porcine health, production performance and welfare as well as human health, there is very limited research on H. suis in China due to the difficulties in bacterial isolation and culture, and research on H. suis in China mainly focus on bacterial detection in clinical samples. H. suis needs microaerobic conditions (85%N₂,10%CO₂ and 5%O₂) for in vitro culture. So far there is very limited information about the pathogenesis of H. suis infection in hosts. Through analyses with H. suis genome and known discoveries, it can be speculated that H. suis may interfere with or evade host defense responses via several mechanisms: high mobility of flagella and acid neutralization, considerable adhesion ability to the gastric epithelial surface, detoxification ability of oxidative stress,induction of cell death and of immune regulation. Combined with the authors’ several years’ research experience in H. suis and available literature, this review summaries and extensively discusses several aspects of H. suis in terms of research history, bacterial features and culture conditions, prevalence status, pathogenesis and current research progress in China and abroad, aiming at enhancing our understanding of H. suis and its pathogenicity as well as providing reference and directions for the future prevention and control of this bacterium.

Key words: Helicobacter suis, zoonotic pathogen, gastric diseases, virulence factors, pathogenesis

张广智,王明艳,罗毅,徐世行,何顺东,崔尚金. 人畜共患病病原——猪螺杆菌及其研究进展[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(6): 1278-1286.

GuangZhi ZHANG,MingYan WANG,Yi LUO,ShiHang XU,ShunDong HE,ShangJin CUI. The Zoonotic Bacterium-Helicobacter suis and Its Research Progress[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(6): 1278-1286.

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人畜共患病病原——猪螺杆菌及其研究进展

The Zoonotic Bacterium-Helicobacter suis and Its Research Progress

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