郁闭柑橘园整形改造对植株冠层生理特性、产量和果实品质的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.09.019

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究郁闭柑橘园整形改造对植株冠层特性、光合特性及营养代谢、产量和果实品质的影响，为柑橘园树体管理和郁闭柑橘园合理改造及航空植保农艺配套等提供依据。【方法】以15年生枳橙砧奥林达夏橙为试验材料，对郁闭植株进行开心形、篱壁形和主干形等树形改造处理（对照植株即CK，不作任何处理），研究树体冠层特性、叶片营养、叶绿素快速荧光、果实品质及单株产量等的变化。【结果】6—9月，各处理植株的叶面积指数、叶倾角均呈不断增大趋势，以开心形的增幅最明显，而散射辐射透过系数、直接辐射透过系数及光合有效辐射则相反；各处理植株冠层特性存在明显差异，冠层透光性为开心形＞主干形＞篱壁形＞CK。各处理植株叶片光合荧光参数F_o、F_m和φ_Do均显著降低，但不同时段CK处理的F_o和F_m为最大，且显著大于开心形。植株冠层单位叶片有活性反应中心的数量（RC/CS_o）、最大光化学效率（φ_Po）、用于电子传递的量子产额（φ_Eo）、用于还原PSI受体侧末端电子受体的量子产额（φ_Ro）、捕获的能量传递到电子链末端的量子产额（ψ_Ro）、通过电子链传递的能量传递在电子链末端的量子产率（δ_Ro）和光合机构性能（PI_abs、PI_total）等也呈下降趋势，以CK降幅最大，且显著大于开心形；实施整形改造处理的植株冠层叶片光系统活性、光能利用率及光合机构性能等均明显提高。各处理植株叶片N、P、K和Zn含量几乎均呈下降趋势，而Ca、S、Fe、Mn和Cu均趋于逐渐积累，但所有整形改造处理植株叶片的N、Ca、S和Fe含量均高于CK。开心形、篱壁形、主干形和CK的平均单株产量分别为101.1、69.1、89.11和64.65 kg，果实可溶性固形物含量分别为10.66%、10.62%、10.31%和9.94%。【结论】本试验实施的整形改造处理可明显改善郁闭植株冠层光照条件，提高叶片光合能力，促进叶片中氮素等营养的提升，单株产量明显提高，果实品质得以改善，以开心形处理效果更为显著。

关键词: 郁闭柑橘园, 整形修剪, 冠层特性, 快速叶绿素荧光, 矿质元素, 单株产量, 果实品质

Abstract: 【Objective】The effect of canopy modification on tree canopy characteristics, photosynthesis, nutrition metabolism, fruit production and quality was investigated in closed citrus orchard, with the aim to lay a foundation for tree shape modification, orchard management, agronomic trait supporting for aviation technology and so on.【Method】‘Olinda valencia’ orange of 15 years old was used in this study, which was grafted on ‘Carrizo’ Citrange (C. sinensis×P. trifoliata). The selected trees were modified to open center, hedgerow and trunk shapes, respectively, and those without any modification served as the control (CK). With them, the variation of tree canopy characteristics, leaf nutrition, chlorophyll fluorescence, fruit quality and yield per tree was evaluated.【Result】From June to September after modification, the leaf area index and mean leaf inclination were both increased in all shapes, most remarkably in open center shape, while the transmit coefficient for defuse penetration, transmit coefficient for radiation penetration as well as photosynthetical active radiation were opposite. The tree canopy characteristics were significantly different among all shapes, of which canopy transmittance was gradually increased in an order of open center shape＞trunk shape＞hedgerow shape＞CK. The leaf fluorescence parameters including F_o, F_m and D_owere all decreased in all shapes. During experimental time, the values of F_o and F_m of CK were significantly higher than those in other shapes, especially in open center shape. The RC/CS_O, j_Po j_Eo, j_Ro,y_Ro, d_Ro PI _abs, PI_totaland so on were decreased in all shapes and the biggest drops were observed in CK, which obviously higher than that in open center shape. The photosystem activities in leaves, utilization efficiency of solar energy and photosynthetic capacities were all improved by tree shape modification. The contents of N, P, K and Zn in all shapes were decreased, while Ca, S, Fe, Mn and Cu were gradually accumulated. Compared to CK, the contents of N, Ca, S and Fe were higher in other modified shapes. The yield per tree was 101.1, 69.1, 89.11 and 64.65 kg, and the soluble solid content of fruits with 10.66%, 10.62%, 10.31% and 9.94% were observed in open center shape, hedgerow shape, trunk shape and CK, respectively.【Conclusion】In this study, the canopy modification in closed citrus orchard significantly improved canopy light condition, photosynthetic capacity and N content in leaves, which led to an increase in yield per tree as well as improvement of fruit quality. Of these shapes, the open center shape was better than other shape.

Key words: closed citrus orchard, canopy characteristics, chlorophyll fluorescence, mineral elements, yield per tree, fruit quality

胡德玉，刘雪峰，何绍兰，谢让金，钱春，吕强，易时来，郑永强，邓烈. 郁闭柑橘园整形改造对植株冠层生理特性、产量和果实品质的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2017, 50(9): 1734-1746.

HU DeYu, LIU XueFeng, HE ShaoLan, XIE RangJin, QIAN Chun, Lü Qiang, YI ShiLai, ZHENG YongQiang, DENG Lie. Effect of Plant Canopy Transformation on Chlorophyll Fluorescence Characteristics and Fruit Yield and Quality in Closed Citrus Orchard[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(9): 1734-1746.

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