‘羊角脆’类甜瓜果实品质因子分析及综合评价

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2019.24.012

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

【目的】筛选评价‘羊角脆’类甜瓜果实品质的代表性指标和高品质材料,为建立品质评价标准和选育优良品种提供参考和依据。【方法】以6个‘羊角脆’类甜瓜栽培品种和26份高代自交系成熟果实为试材,测定与果实品质相关的18个数量性状指标,将其分为经济性状指标和果肉品质指标,经因子分析、逐步回归和相关分析,得到果实品质的代表性指标,结合二维排序图,进行高品质材料筛选。【结果】18个指标中单果重、硬度、维生素C(V_C)含量、可滴定酸含量、糖酸比和固酸比变异性较大,变异系数>20%,果实横径、肉厚率和pH变异性较小,变异系数<10%;经济性状中筛选出3个公因子,累计方差贡献率为87.71%,解释指标为果实纵径、果实横径、果形指数、果腔纵径、果腔横径和肉厚率;果肉品质性状中筛选出4个公因子,累计方差贡献率为90.03%,解释指标为V_C含量、硬度、可溶性固形物含量、总糖含量、可滴定酸含量、糖酸比和固酸比。将以上筛选出的6个经济性状指标和7个果实品质指标进行综合品质分析,得到5个公因子,累计方差贡献率为87.35%,根据指标间的相关性,以指标简便易用和避免信息重叠为原则,果实纵径、肉厚率、硬度、总糖和可滴定酸5项指标可作为评价‘羊角脆’类甜瓜果实品质相关数量性状的代表性指标。根据以上5个公因子得分及其方差贡献率计算各材料综合品质排名,结合二维排序图,筛选出10份高品质材料。【结论】果实纵径、肉厚率、硬度、总糖和可滴定酸5项指标可作为评价‘羊角脆’类甜瓜品质的代表性指标;自交系25、24、22、21、8、1、17、18、20和23为高品质材料。

关键词: ‘羊角脆’类甜瓜, 果实品质, 多元统计分析, 代表性指标, 综合评价

Abstract:

【Objective】The aim of this study was to identify the typical indices of fruit quality and high quality materials of ‘Yangjiaocui’ melons to provide reference and basis for melon quality evaluation and breeding. 【Method】Eighteen indices, including economic trait and flesh quality of fruits from 6 cultivars and 26 high-generation inbred lines of ‘Yangjiaocui’ melons were determined. Based on factor analysis, stepwise regression, correlation analysis and two-dimension ordination map, the typical indices of fruit quality and high quality materials were identified. 【Result】 Among the 18 indices, single fruit mass, hardness, vitamin C (V_C) content, titratable acid content, sugar-acid ratio and solid acid ratio showed greater variability, and the variation coefficients were more than 20%. However, the variability of fruit transverse diameter, flesh thickness rate and pH were relatively lower and the variation coefficients were less than 10%. Three common factors were extracted from economic trait indices with 87.71% cumulative variance contribution rate and the explanatory indices were fruit longitudinal diameter, fruit transverse diameter, fruit shape index, fruit cavity longitudinal diameter, fruit cavity transverse diameter and flesh thickness rate. From quality indices, 4 common factors were extracted with 90.03% cumulative variance contribution rate and the explanatory indices were V_Ccontent, hardness, total soluble solids content, total sugar content, titratable acid content, sugar-acid ratio and solid-acid ratio. Based on the comprehensive analysis of these selected 6 economic trait indices and 7 flesh quality indices, 5 common factors were extracted with 87.35% cumulative variance contribution rate. According to the correlation among the indices and the principle of simplicity and ease of use and avoidance of overlapping information, 5 indices, including fruit longitudinal diameter, flesh thickness rate, hardness, total sugar content and titratable acid content, could be used as typical indices to evaluate the fruit quality of ‘Yangjiaocui’ melons. The comprehensive quality score of all materials were ranked depended on scores and variance contribution rate of the above 5 common factor and two-dimension ordination map. Finally, 10 materials were selected as high quality materials. 【Conclusion】 Fruit longitudinal diameter, flesh thickness rate, hardness, total sugar content and titratable acid content could be used as typical indices to evaluate fruit quality of ‘Yangjiaocui’ melons. Inbred lines 25, 24, 22, 21, 8, 1, 17, 18, 20 and 23 were high quality materials.

Key words: ‘Yangjiaocui’ melons, fruit quality, multivariate statistical analysis, representative indexes, comprehensive evaluation

王佳豪,段雅倩,乜兰春,宋立彦,赵文圣,方思雨,赵佳腾. ‘羊角脆’类甜瓜果实品质因子分析及综合评价[J]. 中国农业科学, 2019, 52(24): 4582-4591.

JiaHao WANG,YaQian DUAN,LanChun NIE,LiYan SONG,WenSheng ZHAO,SiYu FANG,JiaTeng ZHAO. Factor Analysis and Comprehensive Evaluation of the Fruit Quality of ‘Yangjiaocui’ Melons[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2019, 52(24): 4582-4591.

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图/表 6

表1

表2

表3

表4

表5

18项指标的相关性分析"

	单果重 Single fruit mass	果实纵径 Fruit longitudinal diameter	果实横径 Fruit transverse diameter	果形指数 Fruit shape index	瓜把长 Stipe longitudinal diameter	把横径 Stipe transverse diameter	果腔纵径 FCLD	果腔横径 FCTD	果肉厚 Flesh thickness	肉厚率 Flesh thickness rate	硬度 Hardness	pH	V_C	可滴定酸 TA	可溶性固形物 TSS	总糖 Total sugar	糖酸比 Total sugar /TA	固酸比 TSS /TA
单果重 Single fruit mass	1
果实纵径 Fruit longitudinal diameter	0.89**	1
果实横径 Fruit transverse diameter	0.60**	0.25	1
果形指数 Fruit shape index	0.52**	0.82**	-0.34	1
瓜把长 Stipe longitudinal diameter	0.33	0.49**	-0.02	0.47**	1
把横径 Stipe transverse diameter	0.59**	0.43*	0.52**	0.12	0.06	1
瓜腔纵径 FCLD	0.90**	0.98**	0.27	0.79**	0.33	0.43*	1
果腔横径 FCTD	-0.14	-0.22	0.32	-0.38*	-0.02	0.18	-0.30	1
果肉厚 Flesh thickness	0.68**	0.40*	0.76**	-0.07	0.00	0.39*	0.47**	-0.37*	1
肉厚率 Flesh thickness rate	0.45**	0.34	0.23	0.18	-0.02	0.11	0.44*	-0.84**	0.80**	1
硬度 Hardness	-0.31	-0.09	-0.36*	0.08	0.19	-0.28	-0.15	0.07	-0.40*	-0.30	1
pH	-0.19	-0.27	-0.16	-0.13	-0.17	0.00	-0.28	0.07	-0.21	-0.17	-0.37*	1
Vc	-0.21	-0.21	0.00	-0.18	0.02	-0.02	-0.20	-0.04	0.02	0.06	-0.17	0.20	1
可滴定酸 TA	0.21	0.33	-0.32	0.52**	0.13	0.07	0.33	-0.26	-0.14	0.10	-0.18	-0.01	-0.05	1
可溶性固形物 TSS	-0.24	-0.17	-0.40*	0.09	-0.06	-0.17	-0.19	0.02	-0.41*	-0.23	-0.04	0.49**	0.06	0.45**	1
总糖 Total sugar	-0.26	-0.15	-0.38*	0.09	-0.01	-0.31	-0.14	-0.11	-0.31	-0.09	-0.22	0.22	0.46**	0.30	0.51**	1
糖酸比 Total sugar/TA	-0.36*	-0.45**	0.10	-0.50**	-0.14	-0.30	-0.42*	0.09	0.03	-0.04	0.01	0.15	0.39*	-0.79**	-0.14	0.30	1
固酸比 TSS/TA	-0.34	-0.46**	0.13	-0.52**	-0.18	-0.20	-0.46**	0.23	-0.03	-0.17	0.11	0.35*	0.15	-0.81**	0.12	0.01	0.82**	1

表5

图1

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	品质指标 Quality index (QI)	平均值 Average	最大值 Max.	最小值 Min.	标准差 SD	变异系数 CV (%)
经济性状 Economic character	单果重 Single fruit mass (g)	614.55	1244.33	330.80	191.86	31.22
	果实纵径 Fruit longitudinal diameter (cm)	25.00	32.77	17.97	3.73	14.90
	果实横径 Fruit transverse diameter (cm)	6.92	8.57	5.62	0.60	8.67
	果形指数 Fruit shape index	3.63	4.80	2.27	0.55	15.06
	瓜把长 Stipe longitudinal diameter (cm)	3.74	5.08	2.03	0.66	17.71
	把横径 Stipe transverse diameter (cm)	4.07	6.82	2.64	0.81	19.96
	瓜腔纵径 FCLD (cm)	20.31	27.60	14.50	3.43	16.91
	果腔横径FCTD (cm)	2.78	3.83	1.83	0.42	14.97
	果肉厚Flesh thickness (cm)	2.07	3.07	1.61	0.30	14.70
	肉厚率Flesh thickness rate (%)	0.60	0.72	0.50	0.06	9.65
果肉品质 Flesh quality	硬度Hardness (10⁵Pa)	3.69	6.27	1.79	1.00	30.46
	pH	6.46	7.30	5.53	0.48	7.39
	Vc (mg/100 g)	7.41	12.99	4.08	2.24	30.24
	可滴定酸TA (%)	0.15	0.23	0.10	0.04	23.68
	可溶性固形物TSS (%)	10.18	13.82	8.18	1.36	13.33
	总糖 Total sugar (g/100 g)	7.47	9.96	5.27	1.04	13.86
	糖酸比Total sugar/TA	50.82	91.28	31.42	12.60	24.79
	固酸比TSS/TA	68.89	101.63	44.74	14.87	21.59

品质指标 Quality index	F₁	F₂	F₃
单果重 Single fruit mass	0.649	0.694	0.249
果实纵径 Fruit longitudinal diameter	0.899	0.366	0.196
果实横径 Fruit transverse diameter	-0.122	0.963	-0.001
果形指数 Fruit shape index	0.944	-0.207	0.174
瓜把长 Stipe longitudinal diameter	0.652	-0.030	-0.142
把横径 Stipe transverse diameter	0.265	0.723	-0.127
果腔纵径 FCLD	0.831	0.388	0.310
果腔横径 FCTD	-0.177	0.280	-0.928
果肉厚 Flesh thickness	0.004	0.756	0.631
肉厚率Flesh thickness rate	0.081	0.250	0.957
特征值 Eigenvalue	4.679	2.213	1.879
累计贡献率Total account(%)	46.790	68.920	87.710

品质指标 Quality index	F₁	F₂	F₃	F₄
硬度 Hardness	0.127	-0.001	-0.160	0.930
pH	0.264	0.680	0.001	-0.562
V_C	0.170	-0.061	0.829	-0.172
可滴定酸 TA	-0.934	0.301	0.133	-0.051
可溶性固形物 TSS	-0.159	0.940	0.177	0.061
总糖 Total sugar	-0.081	0.411	0.821	-0.016
糖酸比 Total sugar/TA	0.884	-0.070	0.404	-0.001
固酸比TSS/TA	0.952	0.252	0.002	0.028
特征值 Eigenvalue	2.768	2.280	1.123	1.032
累计贡献率Total account (%)	34.590	63.090	77.130	90.030

品质指标 Quality index	F₁	F₂	F₃	F₄	F₅
果实纵径 Fruit longitudinal diameter	-0.215	0.949	-0.150	0.093	0.124
果实横径 Fruit transverse diameter	0.221	0.146	-0.448	-0.150	0.778
果形指数 Fruit transverse diameter	-0.349	0.835	0.143	0.159	-0.313
果腔纵径 FCLD	-0.205	0.926	-0.146	0.189	0.169
果腔横径 FCTD	0.117	-0.146	-0.100	-0.957	0.172
肉厚率 Flesh thickness rate	-0.016	0.197	-0.129	0.904	0.283
硬度 Hardness	0.162	0.016	-0.243	-0.158	-0.814
V_C	0.315	-0.107	0.575	0.133	0.299
可滴定酸 TA	-0.889	0.198	0.365	0.094	-0.005
可溶性固形物 TSS	-0.263	-0.115	0.687	-0.198	-0.201
总糖 Total sugar	0.054	0.000	0.925	0.033	0.016
糖酸比 Total sugar/TA	0.924	-0.234	0.211	0.048	0.060
固酸比 TSS/TA	0.846	-0.283	0.056	-0.146	-0.062
特征值 Eigenvalue	4.354	2.496	1.959	1.402	1.145
累计贡献率Total account (%)	21.780	42.820	59.670	74.600	87.350