笃斯越橘果实、叶片矿质元素和土壤肥力因子与果实品质的多元分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.01.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】分析大兴安岭地区不同立地类型中笃斯越橘果实总酚、类黄酮、花青苷、葡萄糖、果糖及可溶性糖含量特性；探究笃斯越橘果实、叶片矿质元素和根系层土壤肥力因子间及其与几个主要果实品质指标的关系；筛选通过影响笃斯越橘叶片矿质元素含量进而影响果实黄酮类和糖类物质积累的主要土壤肥力因子，为提高果实品质的土肥管理技术提供理论依据。【方法】以大兴安岭地区水湿地有土壤、水湿地苔草和山地土坡3种立地类型中的笃斯越橘为研究对象，使用典型相关分析法研究土壤肥力因子、叶片和果实矿质元素与果实品质的相关性；应用多元线性回归分析法建立回归方程，并筛选影响笃斯越橘叶片矿质元素的主要土壤肥力因子。【结果】大兴安岭地区水湿地有土壤、山地土坡2种立地类型中，笃斯越橘果实成熟期可溶性糖以葡萄糖和果糖为主，属于单糖积累型，其总含量占可溶性糖的84.20%（水湿地有土壤类型）、95.11%（山地土坡类型），而水湿地苔草类型中葡萄糖和果糖总含量仅占可溶性糖的56.95%；果实总酚、花青苷含量在3种立地类型中差异显著（P＜0.05）。典型相关分析表明，果实总酚含量与果实Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn元素含量呈极显著正相关，与P元素含量呈显著负相关；果实K、Zn元素显著影响果实品质特性，其中果实K元素与果实类黄酮呈极显著正相关，与花青苷、可溶性糖呈显著正相关，果实Zn元素与果实类黄酮、花青苷、葡萄糖、果糖呈极显著负相关；叶片Ca、Fe元素与果实类黄酮、花青苷、葡萄糖、果糖分别呈现显著正相关和显著负相关，但叶片Ca元素与果实Zn元素呈极显著正相关；土壤肥力因子与果实品质指标的相关性较弱。叶片N、P、K元素与果实N、P、K元素呈显著正相关，叶片P元素与果实K元素呈极显著正相关，叶片Zn元素与果实Ca、Fe元素呈显著负相关；果实矿质元素中仅有Mg、Cu元素与土壤肥力因子呈显著相关，土壤肥力因子主要影响叶片矿质元素含量，但叶片矿质元素与土壤肥力因子间的关系较复杂。多元线性回归分析表明，土壤pH对叶片矿质元素含量的影响最大，其次是土壤有机质，随土壤有机质含量的增加，叶片N、P、K、Mn元素含量升高，但叶片Zn元素随有机质含量的升高呈现降低趋势。【结论】提高土壤有机质和铵态氮含量，增强土壤酸度是笃斯越橘栽培区土壤管理的关键技术；提高果实K、Ca、Mg、Fe、Mn含量，减少果实Zn元素含量是提高笃斯越橘果实品质的重要措施。

关键词: 笃斯越橘, 果实, 叶片, 土壤, 矿质养分, 果实品质
, 笃斯越橘, 果实, 叶片, 土壤, 矿质养分, 果实品质

Abstract: 【Objective】In order to improve fruit quality through the soil and fertilizer management technology, this study explored the relationship between fruit and leaf nutrients, soil fertility and fruit quality (total phenols, flavonoids, anthocyanin, glucose, fructose, soluble sugar) of V. uliginosumin the Greater Xing'an Mountains, screened the main soil fertility factors affecting the accumulation of flavonoids and saccharides in the fruit of V. uliginosum by influencing the content of mineral elements in the leaf. 【Method】The V. uliginosum which grew in three site types were used as material. The three site types included Meadow bog with soil layer type, meadow bog Carex soil layer type and mountain slope type. The canonical regression analysis was used to study the correlation between soil fertility, leaf and fruit mineral element and fruit quality. Multivariate linear regression analysis was used to establish the regression equation, and to filtrate the main soil fertility factors which affected leaf mineral element in V. uliginosum. 【Result】The total contents of monosaccharide glucose and fructose in the fruits grew in Meadow bog with soil layer type and mountain slope type accounted for 84.20% and 95.11% of soluble sugar, respectively. Glucose and fructose were mainly accumulated at fruit maturity in terms of soluble sugar. The phenomenon only occurred in Meadow bog with soil layer type and mountain slope type, the total content of monosaccharide glucose and fructose in the fruits grew in meadow bog Carex soil layer type was measured only 56.95% of soluble sugar. The contents of total phenol and anthocyanin showed significantly differences in three different site types (P＜0.05). The canonical regression analysis indicated that the content of total phenol showed high significant positive correlation with the contents of Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn in fruit, and significant negative correlation with P element. Fruit K and Zn contents significantly influenced fruit quality characteristics, and K content had high significant positive correlation with flavonoid and significant positive correlation with anthocyanin and soluble sugar, the content of Zn was highly negatively correlated with flavonoids, anthocyanin, glucose and fructose in fruit. The contents of Ca and Fe in leaves had significantly positive and negative correlation with flavonoids, anthocyanin, glucose and fructose, respectively, but Ca in leaf had high significant correlation with Zn. Soil fertility had weak relation to the indexes of fruit quality. The contents of N, P, K in leaf were significantly positively correlated with N, P, K in fruit. P in leaf had high significant correlation with K in fruit, Zn in leaf was negatively correlated with Ca and Fe in fruit. Only Mg and Cu in fruit were significantly correlated with soil nutrients, and the soil nutrients mainly affected the leaf mineral content. Besides, the relationship between mineral elements in leaf and soil fertility was complex. Multivariate linear regression analysis indicated that soil pH had the greatest effect on mineral element in leaf, followed by soil organic matter. The content of N, P, K, Mn in leaf increased as the increase of soil organic matter, but the content of Zn decreased. 【Conclusion】The key technical strategies for soil management of V. uliginosum are to improve soil organic matter and ammonium N content, and enhance acidity in soil. Improving the content of K, Ca, Mg, Fe, Mn contents and reducing the content of Zn element in fruit are important measures to improve the fruit quality of V. uliginosum.

Key words: Vaccinium uliginosum L., fruit, leaf, soil, mineral nutrition, fruit quality, Vaccinium uliginosum L., fruit, leaf, soil, mineral nutrition, fruit quality

白永超，卫旭芳，陈露，万如萌，侯智霞. 笃斯越橘果实、叶片矿质元素和土壤肥力因子与果实品质的多元分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2018, 51(1): 170-181.

BAI YongChao, WEI XuFang, CHEN Lu, WAN RuMeng, HOU ZhiXia. Multivariate Analysis of Fruit Leaf Mineral Elements, Soil Fertility Factors and Fruit Quality of Vaccinium uliginosum L.[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2018, 51(1): 170-181.

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