中国农业科学 ›› 2018, Vol. 51 ›› Issue (4): 750-757.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2018.04.014

• 园艺 • 上一篇    下一篇

5个矮化中间砧对‘沂水红’富士苹果生长、结果和叶片矿质元素积累的影响

何平,李林光,王海波,常源升   

  1. 山东省果树研究所,山东泰安 271000
  • 收稿日期:2017-07-05 出版日期:2018-02-16 发布日期:2018-02-16
  • 通讯作者: 李林光,Tel:0538-8266675;E-mail:llg6536@163.com
  • 作者简介:何平,E-mail:heping024@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-27)、山东省重点研发计划(2016GNC113008,2014GNC113004,2017GNC13113)、山东省农业重大应用创新(2014)、山东省农业科学院农业科技创新工程(CXGC2016B07)

Effects of Five Dwarfing Interstocks on Shoot Growth, Fruiting and Accumulation of Mineral Elements in Leaves of Yishui Red Fuji Apple

HE Ping, LI LinGuang, WANG HaiBo, CHANG YuanSheng   

  1. Shandong Fruit Research Institute, Tai’an 271000, Shandong
  • Received:2017-07-05 Online:2018-02-16 Published:2018-02-16

摘要: 【目的】探讨5个不同矮化中间砧对‘沂水红’富士树体生长发育的影响,为推广中国培育的具有自主知识产权的苹果矮化砧木提供依据。【方法】以5年生的矮化中间砧苹果幼树(‘沂水红’富士/M26、SH6、青砧2号、辽砧2号、M9T337/平邑甜茶)为试材,连续3年对不同砧穗组合树体生长、果实产量、品质及生长期叶片矿质元素进行测定分析。【结果】从嫁接复合体主干生长一致性看,辽砧2号与基砧和接穗的亲合性最好;在新梢生长动态上,不同砧穗组合虽相似,但SH6树体新梢年生长量始终处于较高水平;在枝类组成上,M9T337树体短枝比例最高(65.2%),长枝比例最小(11.1%);在单株平均产量上,M26较高;各组合果实的单果重、果形指数、果实硬度、可溶性固形物和可滴定酸含量差异不大。生长期,辽砧2号、青砧2号和SH6上的叶片氮、磷、钾、钙和镁含量处于较高水平,辽砧2号叶片铁含量在整个生长期保持较高水平;生长后期,M9T337钙含量略高。【结论】SH6、青砧2号和辽砧2号作为中间砧嫁接‘沂水红’富士具有亲合性好,树体小,枝类组成合理,产量稳定,果实品质优良等特点。

关键词: 矮化中间砧, 沂水红富士, 树体生长, 矿质元素

Abstract: 【Objective】Five dwarfing interstocks were evaluated on tree growth, yield, fruit quality and accumulation of mineral elements in leaves of Yishui red Fuji apple(Malus domestica Mill)for three years in order to select the suitable dwarfing interstock with independent intellectual property rights. 【Method】The Yishui red Fuji apple tree seedlings with different dwarf interstock (M26, SH6, Qing 2, Liao 2 and M9T337) planted in spring of 2009 were used as experimental trees, and the dynamic changes of tree growth, yields and fruit qualities and accumulation of mineral elements in leaves were investigated from 2014 to 2016. 【Result】The results showed that the interstock Liao 2 had better growing compatibility with the rootstock and the scion. The shoot growth of Yishui red Fuji trees grafted on SH6 was significantly higher than that of on other four interstocks,although the shoot growth tendency of Yishui red Fuji trees grafted on different interstocks was similar. The ratio of short shoots of SH6 dwarfing interstock apple tree was the highest (65.2%), and the ratio of long branches was the lowest (11.1%). The average yield per plant of M26 dwarfing interstock apple trees was significantly higher than the other four interstock, but the proportion of big fruits (the fruit weight more than 200 g) from high to low in order was Qing 2>Liao 2>SH6>M9T337>M26. There was no significant difference among five dwarfing interstock apple trees in average weight of fruit weight, fruit shape, fruit hardness, the content of soluble solid and solid-acid ratio. During the growing stages, the contents of N,P,Ca,and Mg in the leaves of the scion trees grafted on Qing 2, Liao 2 and SH6 were relatively higher, and high Zn content was found on Liao 2 interstock tree. However,the contents of Ca in leaves of the Yishui red Fuji trees grafted on M9T337 were slightly higher in later growth stage. 【Conclusion】According to the 3 years survey data, Yishui Red Fuji apple trees with Qing 2, Liao 2 and SH6 dwarf interstocks showed better growing compatibility, small tree, moderate growth, early bearing, high and stable yield, and good fruit quality characters.

Key words: dwarf interstock, yishui red fuji apple, tree growth, mineral element