富氢水浸种增强黄瓜幼苗耐冷性的作用及其生理机制

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2017.05.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】氢气（H₂）是近年来发现的一种新型气体信号分子，它参与植物对高温、干旱、盐害、重金属等多种逆境胁迫的响应。探讨外源氢气（H₂）对黄瓜幼苗耐冷性的调控作用及其生理机制，为增强日光温室黄瓜对低温的适应能力提供技术指导。【方法】以‘津优35号’黄瓜品种为试材，用饱和富氢水（HRW，H₂供体）浸种，蒸馏水浸种作对照（CK），常温下育苗。幼苗长至2叶1心时转移至光照培养箱中进行低温（昼/夜温度8℃/5℃）处理，分别于处理后0、1、3和5 d后测定相关生理指标。【结果】低温胁迫可使黄瓜幼苗叶片的电解质渗漏率（EL）、冷害指数、过氧化氢（H₂O₂）和丙二醛（MDA）含量及超氧阴离子（O₂^-）产生速率持续升高，超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）、抗坏血酸过氧化物酶（APX）和谷胱甘肽还原酶（GR）活性及还原型谷胱甘肽（GSH）、抗坏血酸（AsA）、脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量先升高后降低，相对含水量呈下降趋势。与CK相比，低温胁迫下HRW处理的EL和冷害指数的增加幅度较小，H₂O₂和MDA含量及O₂^-产生速率较低，而SOD、POD、CAT、APX和GR活性及GSH和AsA含量较高。胁迫结束时（5 d），HRW处理的EL比CK低11.3个百分点，冷害指数较CK低15.9%，H₂O₂和MDA含量分别比CK低29.4%和9.9%，O₂^-产生速率较CK低54.3%；而SOD、POD、CAT、APX和GR活性分别比CK高12.6%、20.1%、20.9%、53.0%和58.1%，GSH和AsA含量分别较CK高24.0%和17.6%。低温下HRW处理的黄瓜幼苗叶片的相对含水量降低幅度明显小于CK，而脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量始终高于CK。胁迫5 d时，HRW的相对含水量比CK高6.4个百分点，脯氨酸和可溶性糖含量分别比CK高23.0%和41.5%。【结论】富氢水浸种可增强黄瓜幼苗耐冷性，其主要作用机理是：（1）增强低温下黄瓜幼苗抗氧化系统活性，减少活性氧（ROS）积累，从而减轻膜脂过氧化伤害；（2）通过提高低温下黄瓜幼苗叶片的渗透调节能力，减缓幼苗失水速度，以较长时间地维持生理功能。

关键词: 低温胁迫, 富氢水, 种子处理, 活性氧, 渗透调节, 黄瓜

Abstract: 【Objective】Hydrogen (H₂), a newly discovered gas signal molecules, is involved in plant stress responses to high temperature, drought, salt damage, heavy metals and other kinds of adversity. The purposes of this study are to elucidate the regulatory mechanism of hydrogen-rich water (HRW, H₂ donor) on chilling tolerance in cucumber seedlings and provide technical guidance to improve the adaptation of cucumber to low temperature in solar-greenhouse. 【Method】 ‘Jinyou 35’ cucumber seedlings were used as experimental materials. Seeds were soaked with HRW or distilled water (control), respectively, for 8 h, and germinated on moist filter paper in the dark at 26℃ for 2 days, then grown in vermiculite in a solar-greenhouse for 15 days (day/night air temperature was 24-30℃/18-24℃, and RH 75%-90%). At 2-leaf stage, the HRW and the control seedlings were exposed to low temperature (day/night temperature was 8℃/5℃). Young fully expanded leaves were sampled for analysis on 0 d, 1 d, 3 d, and 5 d after transferring from control to stress condition. 【Result】The results showed that chilling stress significantly increased the electrolyte leakage (EL), chilling injury index, contents of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) and malondaldehyde (MDA), and superoxide anion (O₂^-) production rate. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POD), catalase (CAT), ascorbate peroxidase (APX) and glutathione reductase (GR), as well as the contents of glutathione (GSH), ascorbic acid (AsA), proline and soluble sugar increased in the early days of chilling stress, but subsequently decreased. The relative water content trended to decrease in the chilling days. The increase in EL and chilling injury index were lower in HRW treated seedlings than in the control seedlings. Simultaneously, the HRW treatment showed a decrease in H₂O₂and MDA contents, and O₂^- production rate, while revealed an increase in the activities of SOD, POD, CAT, APX and GR, as well as the GSH and AsA contents, compared with the control. At the end of stress (5 d), the EL and chilling injury index of HRW treatment declined by 11.3 percentage points and 15.9%, respectively, than those of the control. The H₂O₂and MDA contents and O₂^- production rate of the HRW-treated seedlings were 29.4%, 9.9% and 54.3% lower than those of the control, respectively. However, the activities of SOD, POD, CAT, APX and GR of HRW treated seedlings were 12.6%, 20.1%, 20.9%, 53.0%, and 58.1% higher, and the GSH and AsA contents enhanced by 24.0% and 17.6%, respectively, than those of the control seedlings. Compared with the control, the HRW treated seedlings showed lower extent of decrease in the relative water content, and revealed higher contents of proline and soluble sugar. After 5 d of chilling stress, the HRW treatment increased by 6.4 percentage points, and the proline and soluble sugar contents were 23% and 41.5% higher, respectively, than those of the control. 【Conclusion】 Soaking seeds with HRW can improve the cold resistance in cucumber seedlings, and the main mechanisms were: (1) HRW enhances the antioxidant system activity and reduces the reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation under chilling stress, and consequently alleviates the injury of membrane lipid peroxidation in cucumber seedling; (2) HRW slows the dehydration rate through improving the osmotic adjustment ability, and thereby remains the normal physiological function for a long time in cucumber seedlings under chilling stress.

Key words: low temperature stress, hydrogen-rich water, seed treatment, reactive oxygen, osmotic regulation, cucumber

刘丰娇，蔡冰冰，孙胜楠，毕焕改，艾希珍. 富氢水浸种增强黄瓜幼苗耐冷性的作用及其生理机制[J]. 中国农业科学, 2017, 50(5): 881-889.

LIU FengJiao, CAI BingBing, SUN ShengNan, BI HuanGai,AI XiZhen. Effect of Hydrogen-Rich Water Soaked Cucumber Seeds on Cold Tolerance and Its Physiological Mechanism in Cucumber Seedlings[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2017, 50(5): 881-889.

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