陆地棉核心种质表型性状遗传多样性分析及综合评价

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.19.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】分析陆地棉核心种质的遗传多样性和表型性状遗传变异规律，并探讨核心种质的综合评价方法。【方法】利用17个表型性状数据分析419份陆地棉核心种质的遗传多样性。用Shannon-weaver信息多样性指数计算表型性状的遗传多样性，用Nei’s 1973法计算表型性状遗传距离，并使用NTSYS-pc 2.20q软件对核心种质进行聚类分析；用SAS9.2对表型性状数据进行最佳线性无偏估计（BLUE），然后根据最佳线性无偏估计值计算出表型性状的最佳值。同时，结合主成分、回归和相关分析，研究核心种质的综合评价指标和方法。【结果】核心种质表型性状分析发现，单株铃数、单铃重、衣分、子指等性状的变异系数均较大，变异系数超过10%。而断裂比强度、马克隆值以及上半部平均长度的变异程度较小，变异系数均在10%以下。方差分析发现，各表型性状地点间、年份间、地点和年份间、品种间均有极显著差异；不同地理来源的种质表型性状差异较大，长江流域地理来源的种质生育期、伸长率、上半部平均长度、衣分等性状均高于其他的地理来源，西北内陆地理来源的种质纤维强度，单铃重、整齐度指数、株高、纺纱均匀性指数等综合性状最好，美国种质的产量和纤维品质的性状优于其他国家的总和。表型性状的遗传多样性指数范围为0.351—3.796，平均为1.715。分析不同地理来源种质的遗传多样性，发现黄河流域的遗传多样性和遗传丰富度最高，中国南部区域最低。类群聚类结果发现陆地棉整体分散，没有比较明显的类群关系，部分具有相似特点的种质聚类13个组群。核心种质综合评价表明在累计贡献百分比高于85%时，共发现7个主成分，陆地棉核心种质的表型性状综合值（F值）平均为1.740，来自澳大利亚的N74-250F值最高（2.302），辽阳绿绒棉的F值最低（0.624）。对17个表型性状与F值的相关分析，发现除马克隆值、子指和黄度外，单铃重、衣分、断裂比强度、上半部纤维长度等14个表型性状与F值间的相关性具有极显著差异，最后构建了以吐絮期、单铃重、伸长率、花期、马克隆值、株高、果枝数、纺纱均匀性指数8个表型性状为自变量的回归方程，综合评价核心种质资源。【结论】中国保存的陆地棉核心种质具有较为丰富的遗传多样性，不同地理来源遗传变异有较大的差异，不同生态区的核心种质具有独特的性状特性。

关键词: 陆地棉, 核心种质, 表型性状, 遗传多样性, 综合评价

Abstract: 【Objective】 The objective of this study is to analyze the genetic diversity and the law of genetic variation of phenotypic traits and explore the comprehensive evaluation techniques for core collection in upland cotton.【Method】The genetic diversity of 419 core collections in upland cotton was analyzed with 17 phenotypic traits. Genetic diversity of phenotypic traits was calculated using Shannon-weaver Information Index. Phenotypic distance was analyzed using Nei’s 1973, and then NTSYS-pc 2.20q software was used for cluster analysis of core collections. With SAS9.2, the best linear unbiased estimate (BLUE) value was gotten from phenotypic trait data, and then the optimum value of phenotypic traits was calculated according to the best linear unbiased estimator. Meanwhile, the principal component, regression and correlation analysis were also used to study the comprehensive evaluation index and method of core collection. 【Result】 Based on the analysis of phenotypic traits of core collection, it was found that the variation of boll number, boll weight, lint percentage, seed index and other traits were greater with coefficient of variation over 10% , while the variation of fiber breaking strength, micronaire level and the upper half of the average length was smaller which their coefficient of variation was below 10%. Variance analysis found that there were significant differences in the phenotypic traits between various locations, between years, and between locations and years. The phenotypic traits of different geographical origin germplasms were quite different. The growing stage elongation, upper half mean length, lint percentage and other traits from the geographical origin of the Yangtze River areas were higher than those of other geographic origins, and the comprehensive properties including the fiber strength, boll weight, uniformity index, plant height, and spinning uniformity index from the Northwest areas were the best. The yield and fiber quality traits from the US germplasms were superior to the sum of the other countries. Genetic diversity indices of phenotypic traits were 0.351-3.796, with an average of 1.715. The result of analysis on the genetic diversity of different geographical origins indicated that the genetic diversity and genetic richness in the Yellow River areas was the highest, but that in south China was the lowest. Cluster analysis showed that the upland cotton lines were overall dispersed with no obvious groups, but the partial accessions with similar characteristics can be clustered into 13 groups. After comprehensive evaluating these core collections, seven principal components were found when the cumulative contribution rate was more than 85%. The comprehensive value (F) of phenotypic traits of core collections averaged 1.740. The highest F value (2.302) was from Australia’s N74-250, and the lowest F value (0.624) was from Liaoyang green cotton. Correlation analysis between 17 phenotypic traits and their F values illuminated that 14 phenotypic traits including boll weight, lint percentage, fiber strength, upper half mean length, etc. were very significantly correlated with the F values, except micronaire, seed index and yellow givers. Finally, the regression equation was constructed for comprehensively evaluating the core collection with 8 phenotypic traits as the independent variables including boll opening stage, boll weight, elongation, flowering, micronaire, plant height, number of fruit branches, and spinning consistent index. 【Conclusion】 The core collection of upland cotton from China has a rich genetic diversity. The difference in genetic variation of the germplasms with different geographical origins is great. The accessions from different ecological zones have unique characteristics.

Key words: upland cotton, core collection, clustering analysis, genetic diversity, comprehensive evaluation

代攀虹，孙君灵，何守朴，王立如，贾银华，潘兆娥，庞保印，杜雄明，王谧. 陆地棉核心种质表型性状遗传多样性分析及综合评价[J]. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(19): 3694-3708.

DAI Pan-hong, SUN Jun-ling, HE Shou-pu, WANG Li-ru, JIA Yin-hua, PAN Zhao-e, PANG Bao-yin, DU Xiong-ming, WANG Mi. Comprehensive evaluation and genetic diversity analysis of phenotypic traits of core collection in upland cotton[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(19): 3694-3708.

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