大豆百粒重QTL定位及多样性评价

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.09.002

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】百粒重是大豆重要的育种目标性状，它不仅是产量构成因子之一，也是重要的品质性状，不同用途对百粒重有着不同要求。通过连锁分析定位大豆百粒重QTL，获得连锁标记，阐明QTL连锁标记在种质资源中的多样性特征，为百粒重定向改良提供依据。【方法】以冀豆12×黑豆（ZDD03651）杂交衍生的188个重组自交系的F_6:8和F_6:9群体为材料，采用WinQTL Cartographer V. 2.5的复合区间作图法（CIM），经300次Permutation 计算，以P=0.05显著性水平确定QTL存在的阈值，定位百粒重QTL。连续3年在石家庄对来自国内外的205份大豆育成和地方品种的百粒重进行表型鉴定，利用定位到的百粒重QTL连锁SSR标记对种质资源材料进行基因型分型，在每个标记处确定发生频率大于5%（对应资源材料个数大于10个）的等位变异为有效等位变异，计算等位基因多样性指数，明确百粒重QTL在种质资源里的多样性特征，通过多重比较确定不同等位变异与百粒重的关系。【结果】在冀豆12×黑豆后代群体中，百粒重呈正态连续分布，遗传力为88.72%。共检测到5个百粒重QTL，分别位于Chr.02（D1b）、Chr.06（C2）、Chr.08（A2）和Chr.17（D2）染色体，遗传贡献率（R²）7.68%—12.83%，加性效应-0.65—-0.84 g，增效基因均来自冀豆12。年份间稳定的QTL有2个，其中，qSW-6-1位于第6染色体Satt457—Sat_062，紧密连锁的标记为Satt281，贡献率最大值为12.02%，加性效应最大值为-0.81g；qSW-17-1位于第17染色体Satt301—Satt310，贡献率最大值为12.83%，加性效应最大值为-0.84g。在205份资源材料中，百粒重遗传力为96.88%。百粒重连锁SSR标记有效等位变异数为2—8个，多样性指数为0.34—0.82。发掘出大粒相关等位变异6个，分别为Satt281-227 bp、Barcsoyssr_2_304-245 bp、Satt301-199 bp、Sat_406-214 bp、Satt119-136 bp和Satt341-218 bp。其中Satt281-227 bp在RIL和资源材料中均为百粒重增效效应，主要分布在国内大粒育成品种中。筛选到含有4个及以上大粒相关等位变异的资源材料3份，分别为绿75、中品大黑豆和中野2号。【结论】在大豆育成品种冀豆12×地方品种黑豆的杂交后代群体中，检测到5个百粒重QTL，冀豆12含有1个在RIL和种质资源中均为大粒相关的优异等位变异。明确了上述5个QTL在205份育成品种和地方品种间的多样性分布特征，可应用于百粒重定向改良过程中的亲本选配及后代选择。

关键词: 大豆, 百粒重, QTL, 种质资源, 遗传多样性

Abstract: 【Objective】 Seed weight is a major target of breeding as it is not only a component of seed yield but it also affects quality, so, different uses have different requirements for it. This study is to identify QTL associated with 100-seed weight, obtain the linkage markers and explore its diversity. Eventually provide a scientific basis of genetic improvement of seed weight.【Method】Recombinant inbred lines (RIL) derived from a cross of Jidou12×Heidou were used to detect the QTL associated with 100-seed weight, the composite interval mapping (CIM) method in WinQTL Cartographer software was used for the QTL analysis based on the seed weight observed in two years. A putative QTL was claimed using a genome-wise type I error of P＜0.05 determined by 300 permutations. In addition, a total of 205 soybean landraces and improved cultivars were used to identify phenotype through 3 years, and genotyped by SSR marker that linked with seed weight. Allelic frequency variation is more than 5% (corresponding to the number of resource materials is more than 10) as the efficient allelic variation.【Result】In RIL, the distribution frequency of seed weight was basically in normal, and the narrow-sense heritability was 88.72%. Five QTL for 100-seed weight were identified. These QTL scattered on Chr.02 (D1b), Chr.06 (C2), Chr.08 (A2) and Chr.17 (D2), respectively and could explain 7.68%-12.83% of the phenotype variation. The additive effect of the QTL varied from 0.65 g to 0.84 g. Two QTL were detected in two years. The qSW-6-1 flanked by SSR markers Satt457 and Sat_062 on Chr.06 explaining 12.02% of the phenotype variation, linked marker was Satt281, and the additive effect was -0.81 g. The qSW-17-1 flanked by SSR markers Satt301 to Satt310 on Chr.17 explaining 12.83% of the variation, and the additive effect was -0.84 g. Based on the germplasm, the allele number of the eight SSR loci, associated with five QTL identified via RIL, varied from 2 to 8, and the genetic diversity index varied from 0.34 to 0.82. Six alleles, Satt281-227 bp, Barcsoyssr_2_304-245 bp, Satt301-199 bp, Sat_406-214 bp, Satt119-136 bp and Satt341-218 bp, were correlated with large seed weight. Satt281-227 bp was the novel alleles in RIL and nature population, mainly distributed in the domestic improved cultivars that with big seed weight. Among the 205 accessions, only three accessions (Lü75, Zhongpindaheidou, Zhongye2) contained more than four alleles associated with large seed weight. 【Conclusion】 In this study, five QTL associated with 100-seed weight were identified by linkage analysis in RIL which crossed by improved cultivars Jidou12 and landraces Heidou. One allele of these was additive effect among RIL and nature population. The diversity distribution was made clear among the 205 accessions. The results can be applied to the parental selection and marker-assisted breeding in the process of seed weight improvement.

Key words: soybean, 100-seed weight, QTL, germplasm, genetic diversity

陈强，闫龙，冯燕，邓莹莹，侯文焕，刘青，刘兵强，杨春燕，张孟臣. 大豆百粒重QTL定位及多样性评价[J]. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(9): 1646-1656.

CHEN Qiang, YAN Long, FENG Yan, DENG Ying-ying, HOU Wen-huan, LIU Qing, LIU Bing-qiang, YANG Chun-yan, ZHANG Meng-chen. Identify QTL Associated with Soybean 100-Seed Weight Using Recombinant Inbred Lines and Determine QTL Diversity Within Nature Population[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(9): 1646-1656.

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