低氧胁迫对水稻幼苗根系功能和氮代谢相关酶活性的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.08.020

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究短期低氧胁迫对水稻幼苗根系生长、呼吸功能和氮代谢的影响，探讨短期低氧胁迫影响水稻幼苗根系形态、分蘖、生物量的积累、根系呼吸强度以及氮代谢的生理机制，并分析低氧胁迫对水稻幼苗根系功能和氮代谢相关酶活性的影响，为探明低氧胁迫对水稻幼苗的伤害及其保护机制奠定基础。【方法】正式试验于2015年在中国水稻研究所网室进行。采用国际水稻研究所营养液配方进行水培试验，以春优84和秀水09为材料，移栽行间距为20 cm，移栽7 d后利用在线溶氧仪设定2个氧浓度：低氧（0—1 mg·L^-1）和对照（常规水培，不进行氧调节，水稻在自然状态下生长），处理时间为12 d。采用便携式溶氧仪（HACHHQ30d，美国）测定营养液中溶氧量。处理后每隔3 d测定分析根系活力、呼吸强度、氮代谢相关酶活性。处理结束时取样测定分析株高、分蘖、叶绿素含量、根系形态和干物重等指标。【结果】短期低氧胁迫处理抑制水稻幼苗的生长。处理结束时，秀水09分蘖数、干物质的积累量分别比对照降低20.0%和7.78%。春优84分蘖数和干物质积累量分别比对照降低15.38%和6.28%。2品种根系体积以及粗根（根系直径>0.8 mm部分的根量）、细根(活性根，根系直径0.05—0.1 mm）根量也低于对照。叶片叶绿素含量、根系氮素吸收量以及可溶性蛋白质含量也受到低氧胁迫的抑制。秀水09各项指标分别比对照减少6.67%、15.11%和10.86%，春优84各项指标分别比对照减少5.18%、13.25%和6.67%，且秀水09的各项指标的减少量均大于春优84，说明秀水09对低氧胁迫较为敏感。2个品种的株高受低氧胁迫的诱导，秀水09比对照增加7.98%，春优84比对照增加3.30%。短期低氧胁迫对水稻幼苗根系呼吸强度的影响表现为抑制-促进-抑制，随处理时间的延长抑制作用会降低。根系活力的变化趋势同根系呼吸强度一致。水稻幼苗根系硝酸还原酶（NR）活性受低氧胁迫的诱导；根系谷氨酰胺合成酶（GS）活性在低氧胁迫0—6 d时受其诱导，9—12 d时受其抑制；低氧胁迫对水稻根系谷氨酸脱氢酶（GDH）活性的影响和品种有关，秀水09表现为促进-抑制，春优84则为抑制-促进-抑制。短期低氧胁迫处理抑制水稻幼苗的生长。【结论】水稻幼苗可以通过呼吸消耗、氮代谢相关途径的改变，减轻低氧胁迫的伤害，从而维持其在低氧逆境下生存。

关键词: 水稻, 低氧胁迫, 根系活力, 氮代谢, 酶活性

Abstract: 【Objective】 This study was conducted to research the effects of low oxygen stress on root growth, respiratory function and enzyme activities related to nitrogen metabolism of rice seedlings, explore the physiological mechanism of rice root system, tillers and biomass accumulation, root respiratory intensity and the enzyme activities related to nitrogen metabolism under short low oxygen stress, in order to lay a foundation for finding out the role of low oxygen stress injury and protective mechanism of rice seedlings.【Method】The formal experiment was conducted at China National Rice Research Institute in 2015. Two rice cultivars Xiushui 09 and Chunyou 84 were grown in hydroponic condition at the space 20 cm× 20 cm. At seven days after transplanting with online dissolved oxygen meter (oxygen nitrogen regulator) set two dissolved oxygen contents (DOTs ) levels such as low oxygen（DOT 0 to 1.0 mg·L^-1）and control ( conventional hydroponics, without oxygen regulation). The portable dissolved oxygen meters (HACHHQ30d, American) was used to examine the oxygen concentration in the nutrient solution. The changes of root activity, respiratory intensity, enzyme activities related to nitrogen metabolism were determined every 3 days after low oxygen stress treatment. Plant high, tillers, chlorophyll content, root system and dry matters and other indexes were determined and analyzed at the end of treatment.【Result】Rice seedlings growth was inhibited under short low oxygen stress. At the end of low oxygen stress treatment, when compared to the CK, the tillering numbers and dry matter accumulation of Xiushui 09 decreased by 20.0% and 7.78%, respectively, and those of Chunyou84 decreased by15.38% and 6.28%, respectively. The amount of coarse roots (average diameter>0.8 mm), fine root (average diameter between 0.05 and 0.1 mm) and root volume were less than the control too; chlorophyll content, root nitrogen content and soluble protein content of root were inhibited under low oxygen stress. The amount of all indexes of Xiushui 09 were decreased by 6.67%, 15.11% and 10.86%, respectively, and those of Chunyou 84 were decreased by 5.18%, 13.25% and 6.67%, respectively, which illustrated that Xiushui 09 was more sensitive to low oxygen stress. Higher plant were observed under low oxygen stress, Xiushu 09 increased by 7.98% and Chunyou 84 by 3.30%, respectively, compared with CK. The effect of low oxygen stress on rice seedling root respiratory intensity was inhibited-promoted-inhibited, with the prolongation of the treatment time, the effect of inhibition was reduced. The change trend of root activity was consistent with the root respiratory intensity. The activity of nitrate reductase (NR) of rice root was promoted under low oxygen stress. The effect of glutamine synthase (GS) of rice was promoted from 0 to 6 days and was inhibited from 9 to 12 days under low oxygen stress. Low oxygen stress affect the activity of glutamate dehydrogenase (NADH-GDH) was relevant to the rice variety, it was promoted-inhibited of Xiushui 09, and it was inhibited-promoted-inhibited of Chunyou 84. Short low oxygen stress inhibited the growth of rice seedlings.【Conclusion】It was concluded that rice seedlings are probably by improving respiration consumption and changing the metabolic pathway to alleviate low oxygen stress injury, and to maintain their survival under the condition of low oxygen stress.

Key words: rice, low oxygen stress, root activity, nitrogen metabolism, enzyme activity

徐春梅，陈丽萍，王丹英，陈松，章秀福，石庆华. 低氧胁迫对水稻幼苗根系功能和氮代谢相关酶活性的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(8): 1625-1634.

XU Chun-mei, CHEN Li-ping, WANG Dan-ying, CHEN Song, ZHANG Xiu-fu, SHI Qing-hua. Effects of Low Oxygen Stress on the Root Function and Enzyme Activities Related to Nitrogen Metabolism in Roots of Rice Seedlings[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(8): 1625-1634.

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