水分和氮肥管理对灌溉水稻优质高产高效调控机制的研究进展

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.02.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 随着人们对稻米需求量日益增加，水稻（特别是优质稻米）产出需保持逐年增长趋势，但水资源紧缺及水稻生产中过量氮肥投入致环境承载压力增大等因素均阻碍水稻生产。因此，水稻生产当前面临的矛盾是如何在减少资源（水分和氮素）投入条件下产出更多优质稻米，节水省氮栽培模式下获得高产优质稻米是未来水稻生产走可持续发展道路的重要保障。笔者回顾水分管理制度（节水栽培模式、灌溉模式及土壤含水量）、氮肥管理制度（施氮量和施氮方法）及水氮协同管理对灌区水稻产量、品质和水/氮资源利用效率的调控效应，阐明水氮互作对优质高产高效水稻的生理生态调控机制，提出灌区优质高产高效水稻实现过程中潜在的关注点及相应的研究构想。

关键词: 水稻, 水分利用效率, 氮肥利用效率, 优质稻米

Abstract: Rice production, especially of good quality, must be increased to feed the world’s growing population in the future. Meanwhile, water scarcity and nitrogen over-fertilization is threatening rice production of irrigated region because of fresh water and fertilizer nitrogen crises. Therefore, a major challenge in rice production is to save both water and fertilizer nitrogen while increasing grain yield and improving quality characteristics. Rice production must synchronously focus on high grain yield and good-quality when rice is planted under both water and nitrogen saving cultivation. In brief, rice production and sustainable development are considered not only for high yield and good quality, but also to ensure high water/nitrogen use efficiencies. Based on this background, the paper reviews (1) the effect of water regimes, nitrogen managements, and water-nitrogen interaction managements on grain yield, water/nitrogen use efficiencies, and grain quality of rice plants, respectively; (2) eco-physiological mechanisms obtaining high-yielding and good quality with high water/nitrogen use efficiencies when irrigated rice plants are managed in different water treatments, nitrogen treatments, and water-nitrogen interaction treatments. Finally, some potential research points including theory and technology researches, which could increase yield and improve quality of rice plants with high resources (water and nitrogen ) use efficiencies, were presented in this review.

Key words: rice, water use efficiency, nitrogen use efficiency, good quality rice

何海兵，杨茹，廖江，武立权，孔令聪，黄义德. 水分和氮肥管理对灌溉水稻优质高产高效调控机制的研究进展[J]. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(2): 305-318.

HE Hai-bing, YANG Ru, LIAO Jiang, WU Li-quan, KONG Ling-cong, HUANG Yi-de. Research Advance of High-Yielding and High Efficiency in Resource Use and Improving Grain Quality of Rice Plants Under Water and Nitrogen Managements in an Irrigated Region[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(2): 305-318.

0
/ / 推荐

导出引用管理器 EndNote|Reference Manager|ProCite|BibTeX|RefWorks

链接本文: https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.02.011

https://www.chinaagrisci.com/CN/Y2016/V49/I2/305

参考文献

[1] FAO. Statistical databases, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, 2009. http://www.faostat.fao.org

[2] Kumar V, Ladha J K. Direct seeding of rice. Recent developments and future research needs. Advances in Agronomy, 2010, 111: 297-413.

[3] Carriger S, Vallée D. More crop per drop. Rice Today, 2007, 6(2): 10-13.

[4] Barker R, Dawe D, Tuong T P, Bhuiyan S I, Guerra L C. The outlook for water resources in the year 2020: Challenges for research on water management in rice production. International Rice Commission Newsletter, 2000, 49: 7-21.

[5] Jiang Y. China’s water scarcity. Journal of Environmental Management, 2009, 90: 3185-3196.

[6] 刘立军. 水稻氮肥利用效率及其调控途径[D]. 扬州: 扬州大学, 2005.

Liu L J. Fertilizer-N use efficiency and its regulation approaches in rice [D]. Yangzhou: Yangzhou University, 2005. (in Chinese)

[7] 彭少兵, 黄建良, 钟旭华, 杨建昌, 王光火, 邹应斌, 张福锁, 朱庆森, Buresh R, Witt C. 提高中国稻田氮肥利用率的研究策略. 中国农业科学, 2002, 35(9):1095-1103.

Peng S B, Huang J L, Zhong X H, Yang J C, Wang G H, Zou Y B, Zhang F S, Zhu Q S, Buresh R, Witt C. Research strategy in improving fertilizer-nitrogen use efficiency of irrigated rice in China. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2002, 35(9): 1095-1103. (in Chinese)

[8] 张福锁. 协调作物高产与环境保护的养分资源综合管理技术研究与应用. 北京: 中国农业大学出版社, 2008.

Zhang F S. Development and Application of the Nutrients Managing Technology for high-yielding crop production and Environmental Friendship. Beijing: China Agricultural University Press, 2008. (in Chinese)

[9] 潘圣刚, 曹凑贵, 蔡明历, 汪金平, 王若涵, 原保忠, 翟晶. 不同灌溉模式下氮肥水平对水稻氮素利用效率、产量及其品质的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2009, 15(2): 283-289.

Pan S G, Cao C G, Cai M L, Wang J P, Wang R H, Yuan B Z, Zhai J. Effects of nitrogen application on nitrogen use efficiency, grain yields and qualities of rice under different water regimes. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2009, 15(2): 283-289. (in Chinese)

[10] 尤小涛, 荆奇, 姜东, 戴廷波, 周冬琴, 曹卫星. 节水灌溉条件下氮肥对粳稻稻米产量和品质及氮素利用的影响.中国水稻科学, 2006, 20(2): 199-204.

You X T, Jin Q, Jiang D, Dai T B, Zhou D Q, Cao W X. Effects of nitrogen application on nitrogen utilization and grain yield and quality in rice under water saving irrigation. Chinese Journal of Rice Science, 2006, 20(2): 199-204. (in Chinese)

[11] Tuong T P, Bouman B A M. Rice production in water scarce environments. Water Productivity in Agriculture: Limits and Opportunities for Improvement. Wallingford: CABI Publishing, 2003, 53-67.

[12] Tuong T P. Productive water use in rice production: Opportunities and limitations. Journal of Crop Production, 1999, 2: 241-264.

[13] Bouman B A M. How much water does rice use? Rice Today, 2009, 8: 28-29.

[14] 孙永健. 水氮互作对水稻产量形成和氮素利用特征的影响及其生理基础[D]. 雅安: 四川农业大学, 2010.

Sun Y J. Effeets of water-nitrogen interaction on yield formation and characteristics of nitrogen utilization in rice and its physiological basis[D]. Ya’an: Sichuan Agricultural University, 2010. (in Chinese)

[15] 程建平, 曹凑贵, 蔡明历, 原保忠, 王建漳, 郑传举. 不同灌溉方式对水稻产量和水分生产率的影响. 农业工程学报, 2006, 22(12): 28-33.

Chen J P, Cao C G, Cai M L, Yuan B Z, Wang J Z, Zheng C J. Effects of different irrigation modes on the yield and water productivity of rice. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2006，22(12): 28-33. (in Chinese)

[16] Yao F X, Huang J L, Cui K H, Nie L X, Xiang J, Liu X J, Wu W, Chen M X, Peng S B. Agronomic performance of high-yielding rice variety grown under alternate wetting and drying irrigation. Field crops Research, 2012, 126: 16-22.

[17] Belder P, Bouman B A M, Spiertz J H J, Peng S B. Crop performance, nitrogen and water use in flooded and aerobic rice. Plant and soil, 2005, 273(1): 167-182.

[18] Peng S B, Bouman B M A, Visperas R M, Castaňeda A, Nie L X, Park H K. Comparison between aerobic and flooded rice in the tropics: Agronomic performance in an eight-season experiment. Field Crops Research, 2006, 96(2): 252-259.

[19] Bouman B A M, Tuong T P. Field water management to save water and increase its productivity in irrigated lowland rice. Agricultural Water Management, 2001, 49(1): 11-30.

[20] Kato Y, Okami M. Root morphology, hydraulic conductivity and plant water relations of high-yielding rice grown under aerobic conditions. Annals of Botany, 2011, 108: 575-583.

[21] He H B, Ma F Y, Yang R, Cui J, Fan H, Wang S Y, Chen H W. Rice performance and water use efficiency under plastic mulching with drip irrigation. PLoS One, 2013, 8(12): 1-14.

[22] 王熹, 陶龙兴, 黄效林, 闵绍楷, 程式华. 灌溉稻田水稻旱作技术要素及产量形成. 中国农业科学, 2004, 37(4): 502-509.

Wang X, Tao L X, Huang X L, Min S K, Chen S H. Study on non-blooding farming technique in paddy field: Technique specification and formation of yield components. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2004, 37(4): 502-509. (in Chinese)

[23] Kadiyala M D M, Mylavarapu R S, Li Y C, Reddy G B, Reddy M D. Impact of aerobic rice cultivation on growth, yield, water productivity of rice-maize rotation in semiarid tropics. Agronomy Journal, 2012, 6: 1757-1765.

[24] Qin J T, Hu F, Zhang B, Wei Z, Li H X. Role of straw mulching in non-continuously flooded rice cultivation. Agricultural Water Management, 2006, 83(3): 252-260.

[25] Tao H B, Brueck H, Dittert K, Kreye C, Lin S, Sattelmacher B. Growth and yield formation of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in the water-saving ground cover rice production system (GCRPS). Field Crops Research, 2006, 95(1): 1-12.

[26] He H B, Yang R, Jia B, Chen L, Fan H, Cui J, Yang D, Li M L, Ma F Y. Rice photosynthetic productivity and PSII photochemistry under non-flooded irrigation. The Scientific World Journal, 2014, 1: 171-192.

[27] He H B, Yang R, Jia B, Chen L, Fan H, Cui J, Ma F Y. Rice root system spatial distribution characteristics at flowering stage and grain yield under plastic mulching drip irrigation (PMDI). The Journal of Animal and Plant Sciences, 2014, 24 (1): 290-301.

[28] Lu J, Ookawa T, Hirasawa T. The effects of irrigation regimes on the water use, dry matter production and physiological responses of paddy rice. Plant and Soil, 2000, 223(1): 209-218.

[29] Belder P, Bouman B A M, Cabangon R, Guoan L, Quilang E J P, Yuanhua L, Tuong T P. Effect of water-saving irrigation on rice yield and water use in typical lowland conditions in Asia. Agricultural Water Management, 2004, 65(3): 193-210.

[30] 孙永健, 孙园园, 刘树金, 杨志远, 程洪彪, 贾现文, 马均. 水分管理和氮肥运筹对水稻养分吸收、转运及分配的影响. 作物学报, 2011, 37(12): 2221-2232.

Sun Y J, Sun Y Y, Liu S J, Yang Z Y, Chen H B, Jia X W, Ma J. Effects of water management and nitrogen application strategies on nutrient absorption, transfer, and distribution in rice. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2011, 37(12): 2221-2232. (in Chinese)

[31] Zhang Z C, Zhang S F, Yang J C, Zhang J H. Yield, grain quality and water use efficiency of rice under non-flooded mulching cultivation. Field Crops Research, 2008, 108(1): 71-81.

[32] He H B, Yang R, Wu L Q, Ma F Y. The growth characteristics and yield potential of rice (Oryza sativa) under non-flooded irrigation in arid region. Annals of Applied Biology, 2016, doi: 10.111/aab.12267.

[33] 梁永超, 胡锋, 沈其荣, 吕世华, 吴良欢, 张福锁. 水稻覆膜旱作高产节水机理研究. 中国农业科学, 1999, 32(1): 26-32.

Liang Y C, Hu F, Shen Q R, Lü S H, Wu L H, Zhang F S. Mechanisms of high yield and irrigation water use efficiency of rice in plastic film mulched dryland. Scientia Agricultura Sinica , 1999, 32: 26-32. (in Chinese)

[34] Liang Y C, Hu F, Yang M C, Yu J H. Antioxidative defenses and water deficit-induced oxidative damage in rice (Oryza sativa L.) growing on non-flooded paddy soils with ground mulching. Plant Soil, 2003, 257(2): 407-416.

[35] 张自常, 李鸿伟, 陈婷婷, 王学民, 王志琴, 杨建昌. 畦沟灌溉和干湿交替灌溉对水稻产量与品质的影响. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44(24): 4988-4998.

Zhang Z C, Li H W, Chen T T, Wang X M, Wang Z Q, Yang J C. Effect of furrow irrigation and alternate wetting and drying irrigation on grain yield and quality of rice. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(24): 4988-4998. (in Chinese)

[36] 路兴花. 覆膜旱作稻营养生理和品质特性的研究[D]. 浙江: 浙江大学, 2002.

Lu X H. Studies of the nutrition physiology and qualitative character of film mulched rice[D]. Zhejiang: Zhejiang University, 2002. (in Chinese)

[37] 过益先. 稻田生产的结构改革与发展. 北京: 知识出版社, 1993.

Guo Y X. Structural Reforms and Development of Paddy Field. Beijing: Affairs Press, 1993. (in Chinese)

[38] 蔡一霞, 朱庆森, 王志琴, 杨建昌, 郑雷, 钱卫成. 结实期土壤水分对稻米品质的影响. 作物学报, 2002, 28(5): 601-608.

Cai Y X, Zhu Q S, Wang Z Q, Yang J C, Zhen L, Qian W C. Effects of soil moisture on rice quality during grain-filling period. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2002, 28(5): 601-608. (in Chinese)

[39] 蔡一霞, 刘春香, 王维, 张洪熙, 张祖建, 杨静, 唐汉忠. 灌浆期表观直链淀粉含量相似品种稻米胶稠度和RVA谱的动态差异. 中国农业科学, 2011, 44(12): 2439-2445.

Cai Y X, Liu C X, Wang W, Zhang H X, Zhang J Z, Yang J, Tang H Z. Dynamic differences of the RVA profile and gel consistency in two rice varieties with similar apparent amylose content during grain filling. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2011, 44(12): 2439-2445. (in Chinese)

[40] Hodgson A S, Constable G A, Duddy G R. A comparison of drip and furrow irrigated cotton on a cracking clay soil 2. Water use efficiency, water logging, root distribution and soil structure. Irrigation Science, 1990, 11: 143-148.

[41] Malash N M, Flowers T J, Ragab. Effect of irrigation methods, management and salinity of irrigation water on tomato yield, soil moisture and salinity distribution. Irrigation Science, 2008, 26: 313-323.

[42] 高金贵, 李长江, 吴英杰, 杨中波, 康艳阳. 水稻节水灌溉技术—水稻微灌初探. 黑龙江水利科技, 2000, 1: 20-21.

Gao J G, Li C J, Wu Y J, Yang Z B, Kang Y Y. Irrigation technology of rice: Micro irrigation. Heilongjiang Science and Technology of Water Conservancy, 2000, 1: 20-21. (in Chinese)

[43] 李丽, 陈林, 张婷婷, 银永安, 朱江艳, 赵双玲. 膜下滴灌对水稻根系形态及生理性状的影响. 排灌机械工程学报, 2015, 33(6): 536-540.

Li L, Chen L, Zhang T T, Yin Y A, Zhu J Y, Zhao S L. Effects of mulch drip irrigation on the form of rice root and physiological characteristic. Journal of Drainage and Irrigation Machinery Engineering, 2015, 33(6): 536-540. (in Chinese)

[44] 朱齐超, 危常州, 李美宁, 朱金龙, 吴诚, 王佳. 氮肥运筹对膜下滴灌水稻生长和产量的影响. 中国水稻科学, 2013, 27(4): 440-446.

Zhu Q C, Wei C Z, Li M L, Zhu J L, Wu C, Wang J. Effects of nitrogen management on growth and grain yield of rice under drip irrigation with plastic film mulching. Chinese Journal of Rice Science, 2013, 27(4): 440-446. (in Chinese)

[45] 柴仲平, 梁智, 王雪梅, 贾宏涛. 不同灌溉方式对棉田土壤物理性质的影响. 新疆农业大学学报, 2008, 31(5): 57-59.

Cai Z P, Liang Z, Wang X M, Jia H T. The influence of the different methods of irrigation the soil physical properties in cotton field. Journal of Xinjiang Agriculture University, 2008, 31(5): 57-59. (in Chinese)

[46] 杨建昌, 朱庆森, 王志琴. 土壤水分对水稻产量与生理特性的影响. 作物学报, 1995, 21(1): 110-114.

Yang J C, Zhu Q S, Wang Z Q. Effects of soil moisture on yield and physiological characteristics in rice. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 1995, 21(1): 110-114. (in Chinese)

[47] Bouman B A M, Yang X G, Wang H Q, Zhao J F, Wang C G, Chen B. Aerobic rice (Han Dao): A new way of growing rice in water-short areas//International Soil Conservation Organization Conference, Beijing, 2002.

[48] 王友贞, 袁先江, 汤广明, 曹秀清. 水稻旱作覆膜土壤水分控制指标的试验研究. 灌溉排水, 2001, 20(3): 62-63.

Wang Y Z, Yuan X J, Tang G M, Cao X Q. Experimental research on suitable soil moisture control index for dry-farming rice mulched with plastic film. Irrigation and Drainage, 2001, 20(3): 62-63. (in Chinese)

[49] Kato Y, Okami M. Root growth dynamics and stomatal behaviour of rice (Oryza sativa L.) grown under aerobic and flooded conditions. Field Crops Research, 2010, 117: 9-17.

[50] 路兴花, 吴良欢, 庞林江. 不同土壤水分含量对水稻水分利用特征的影响. 中国水稻科学, 2009, 23(2):186-190.

Lu X H, Wu L H, Pang L J. Effects of soil moisture on water utilization characteristics of rice (Oryza sativa). Chinese Journal of Rice Science, 2009, 23(2):186-190. (in Chinese)

[51] Zhang L M, Lin S, Bouman B A M, Xue C Y, Wei F T, Tao H B, Yang X G, Wang H Q, Zhao D, Dittert K. Response of aerobic rice growth and grain yield to N fertilizer at two contrasting sites near Beijing, China. Field Crops Research, 2009, 114: 45-53.

[52] 何海兵. 水分调控对膜下滴灌水稻生长发育及产量形成的影响[D]. 石河子: 石河子大学, 2014.

He H B. The effects of water regimes on growth, development, and yield of rice (Oryza sativa L.) in drip irrigation with plastic mulching[D]. Shihezi: Shihezi University, 2014. (in Chinese)

[53] 张荣萍, 马均, 王贺正, 李艳, 李旭毅, 汪仁全. 不同灌水方式对水稻结实期一些生理性状和产量的影响. 作物学报, 2008, 34(3): 486-495.

Zhang R P, Ma J, Wang H Z, Li Y, Li X Y, Wang R Q. Effects of different irrigation regimes on some physiology characteristics and grain yield in paddy rice during grain filling. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2008, 34(3): 486-495. (in Chinese)

[54] Vial L K. Aerobic and alternate-wet-and-dry (AWD) rice systems//A Report for Nuffield Australis Farming Scholars. Australia: Griffith, 2007, 31-33.

[55] Abbasi M R, Sepaskhah A R. Effects of water-saving irrigations on different rice cultivars (Oryza sativa L.) in field conditions. International Journal of Plant Production, 2011, 5(2): 147-153.

[56] 张自常. 水稻高产优质节水灌溉技术及其生理基础[D]. 扬州: 扬州大学, 2012.

Zhang Z C. Water-saving irrigation techniques for high yield and good quality of rice and their physiological bases[D]. Yangzhou: Yangzhou University, 2012. (in Chinese)

[57] 李鸿伟, 杨凯鹏, 曹转勤, 王志琴, 杨建昌. 稻麦连作中超高产栽培小麦和水稻的养分吸收与积累特征. 作物学报, 2013, 39(3): 464-477.

Li H W, Yang K P, Cao Z Q, Wang Z Q, Yang J C. Characteristics of nutrient uptake and accumulation in wheat and rice with continuous cropping under super-high-yielding cultivation. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2013, 39(3): 464-477. (in Chinese)

[58] FAO. Statistical databases, Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) of the United Nations, 2001.http://www. fao. org

[59] 徐优, 王学华. 我国水稻氮肥高效利用的研究进展. 作物研究, 2014, (5): 564-569.

Xu Y, Wang X H. Progress of study on rice nitrogen efficient utilization in China. Crop Research, 2014, (5): 564-569. (in Chinese)

[60] 郭晨, 徐正伟, 李小坤, 任涛, 吴礼树, 邹家龙, 李彬, 鲁剑巍. 不同施氮处理对水稻产量、氮素吸收及利用率的影响. 土壤, 2014, 46(4): 618-622.

Guo C, Xu Z W, Li X K, Ren T, Wu L S, Zou J L, Li B, Lu J W. Effects of different nitrogen fertilization treatments on yield, nitrogen uptake and use efficiency of rice. Soil, 2014, 46(4): 618-622. (in Chinese)

[61] 庞桂斌, 彭世彰. 中国稻田施氮技术研究进展. 土壤, 2010, 42(3): 329-335.

Pang G B, Peng S Z. Research advances of nitrogen fertilizer application technologies in Chinese rice field. Soil, 2010, 42(3): 329-335. (in Chinese)

[62] 姚锋先. 不同水氮管理对水稻生长和水氮效率影响的生理机制研究[D]. 武汉: 华中农业大学, 2011.

Yao F X. Studies on physiological mechanism of rice growth and water-and nitrogen use efficicy under different water and nitrogen regimes[D]. Wuhan: Huazhong Agricultural University, 2011. (in Chinese)

[63] 侯云鹏, 韩立国, 孔丽丽, 尹彩侠, 秦裕波, 李前, 谢佳贵. 不同施氮水平下水稻的养分吸收、转运及土壤氮素平衡. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2015,21(4): 836-845.

Hou Y P, Han L G, Kong Sun L L, Yin C X, Qin Y B, Li Q, Xie J G. Nutrient absorption, translocation in rice and soil nitrogen equilibrium under different nitrogen application doses. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2015, 21(4): 836-845. (in Chinese)

[64] 王巧兰, 吴礼树, 赵竹青, 赵林萍. 氮水平对水稻植株氮素损失的影响. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2010, 16(1): 14-19.

Wang Q L, Wu L S, Zhao Z Q, Zhao L P. Effects of nitrogen rate on nitrogen loss from rice plant tissue. Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer Science, 2010, 16(1): 14-19. (in Chinese)

[65] 陈刚, 徐阳春, 沈其荣. 施氮水平对水稻生育后期地上部氨挥发的影响. 应用生态学报, 2008, 19(7) : 1483-1488.

Chen G, Xu Y C, Shen Q R. Effects of N fertilization levels on ammonia volatilization from rice shoot at later growth stages. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2008, 19(7): 1483-1488. (in Chinese)

[66] 潘圣刚, 黄胜奇, 翟晶, 蔡明历, 曹凑贵, 展茗, 唐湘如. 氮肥用量与运筹对水稻氮素吸收转运及产量的影响. 土壤, 2012, 44(1): 23-29.

Pan S G, Huang S Q, Zhai J, Cai M L, Cao C G, Zan M, Tang X R. Effects of nitrogen rate and its basal to dressing ratio on uptake, translocation of nitrogen and yield in rice. Soil, 2012, 44(1): 23-29. (in Chinese)

[67] 蔡一霞, 徐大勇, 朱庆森. 稻米品质形成的生理基础研究进展. 植物学通报, 2004, 21(4): 419-428.

Cai Y X, Xu D Y, Zhu Q S. Recent advances in physiological mechanisms of rice quality development. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 21(4): 419-428. (in Chinese)

[68] 叶利庭, 宋文静, 吕华军, 栗艳霞, 沈其荣, 张亚丽. 不同氮效率水稻生育后期氮素积累转运特征. 土壤学报, 2010, 47(2): 303-310.

Ye L T, Song W J, Lü H J, Li Y X, Shen Q R, Zhang Y L. Accumulation and translocation of nitrogen at late-growth stage in rices different in cultivar nitrogen use efficiency. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2010, 47(2): 303-310. (in Chinese)

[69] 叶利庭, 吕华军, 宋文静, 图尔迪, 沈其荣. 不同氮效率水稻生育后期氮代谢酶活性的变化特征. 土壤学报, 2011, 48(1): 132-140.

Ye L T, Lü H J, Song W J, Tu E D, Shen Q R. Variation of activity of N metabolizing enzymes in rice plants different N use efficiency at their late growth stages. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2011, 48(1): 132-140. (in Chinese)

[70] 吴小庆, 徐阳春, 沈其荣, 郭世伟. 不同氮肥利用效率水稻品种开花后地上部分氨挥发研究. 中国水稻科学, 2006, 20(4): 429-433.

Wu X Q, Xu Y C, Shen Q R, Guo S W. Ammonia volatilization from shoots of different rice genotypes with different nitrogen use efficiency after flowering. Chinese Journal of Rice Science, 2006, 20(4): 429-433. (in Chinese)

[71] 孙永健, 孙园园, 徐微, 李玥, 严奉君, 蒋明金, 马均. 水氮管理模式对不同氮效率水稻氮素利用特性及产量的影响. 作物学报, 2014, 40(9): 1639-1649.

Sun Y J, Sun Y Y, Xu W, Li Y, Yan F J, Jiang M J, Ma J. Effects of water-nitrogen management patterns on nitrogen utilization characteristics and yield in rice cultivars with different nitrogen use efficiencies. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2014, 40(9): 1639-1649. (in Chinese)

[72] 冯洋, 陈海飞, 胡孝明, 周卫, 徐芳森, 蔡红梅. 我国南方主推水稻品种氮效率筛选及评价. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2014, 20(5): 1051-1062.

Feng Y, Chen H F, Hu X M, Zhou W, Xu F S, Cai H M. Nitrogen efficiency screening of rice cultivars popularized in South China. Journal of Plant Nutrition and Fertilizer, 2014, 20(5): 1051-1062. (in Chinese)

[73] 程建峰, 蒋海燕, 潘晓云, 戴廷波, 曹卫星. 施氮量对不同氮效率水稻花后干物质和氮积累与转运的影响. 中国农学通报, 2010, 26(6): 150-156.

Chen J F, Jiang H Y, Pan X Y, Dai T B, Cao W X. Effects of nitrogen rates on post-anthesis accumulation and transfer of dry matter and nitrogen in rice with differential nitrogen nutrition efficiency. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 2010, 26(6):150-156. (in Chinese)

[74] 徐大勇, 董明辉, 胡曙, 王学红, 杨建昌, 朱庆森. 水稻品种氮素代谢特性与稻米主要品质性状关系的研究. 西南农业学报, 2005, 18(5): 522-528.

Xu D Y, Dong M H, Hu S, Wang X H, Yang J C, Zhu Q S. Study on rice plant nitrogen metabolisms and their relationships with grain quality. Southwest China Journal of Agricultural Sciences, 2005, 18(5): 522-528. (in Chinese)

[75] 凌启鸿, 张洪程, 戴其根, 丁艳锋, 凌励, 苏祖芳, 徐茂, 阙金华, 王绍华. 水稻精确定量施氮研究. 中国农业科学, 2005, 38(12): 2457-2467.

Ling Q H, Zhang H C, Dai Q G, Ding Y F, Ling L, Su Z F, Xu M, Que J H, Wang S H. Study on precise and quantitative N application in rice. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2005, 38(12): 2457-2467. (in Chinese)

[76] Ten Berge H F M, Thiyagarajan T M, Drenth D P, Jansen M J W. Numerical optimization of nitrogen application to rice. Part I. Description of MANAGE-N. Field Crops Research, 1997, 51: 29-42.

[77] Peng S B, Camie F V, Lave R C, Visperse R M, Caseman K C. Increased N-use efficiency using a chlorophyll meter on high-yielding irrigated rice. Field Crops Research, 1996, 47: 243-252.

[78] 刘立军, 桑大志, 刘翠莲, 王志琴, 杨建昌, 朱庆森. 实时实地氮肥管理对水稻产量和氮素利用率的影响. 中国农业科学, 2003, 36(12) : 1456-1461.

Liu L J, Sang D Z, Liu C L, Wang Z Q, Yang J C, Zhu Q S. Effects of real-time and site-specific nitrogen managements on rice yield and nitrogen use efficiency. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2003, 36(12): 1456-1461. (in Chinese)

[79] 贺帆, 黄见良, 崔克辉, 曾建敏, 徐波, 彭少兵, Buresh R J. 实时实地氮肥管理对水稻产量和稻米品质的影响. 中国农业科学, 2007, 40(1): 123-132.

He F, Huang J L, Cui K H, Zeng J M, Xu B, Peng S B, Buresh R J. Effect of real-time and site-specific nitrogen management on rice yield and quality. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2007, 40(1):123-132. (in Chinese)

[80] 贺帆, 黄见良, 崔克辉, 王强, 汤蕾蕾, 龚伟华, 徐波, 彭少兵, Buresh R J. 实时实地氮肥管理对不同杂交水稻氮肥利用率的影响. 中国农业科学, 2008, 41(2): 470-479.

He F, Huang J L, Cui K H, Wang Q, Tang L L, Gong W H, Xu B, Peng S B, Buresh R J. Effect of real-time and site-specific nitrogen management on various hybrid rice. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2008, 41(2): 470-479. (in Chinese)

[81] 杨建昌, 王志琴, 朱庆森. 不同土壤水分状况下氮素营养对水稻产量的影响及其生理机制的研究. 中国农业科学, 1996, 29(4): 58-66.

Yang J C, Wang Z Q, Zhu Q S. Effect of nitrogen nutrition on rice yield and its physiological mechanism under different status of soil moisture. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 1996, 29(4): 58-66. (in Chinese)

[82] 孙永健, 孙园园, 徐微, 杨志远, 秦俭, 彭玉, 马均. 水氮管理模式与磷钾肥配施对杂交水稻冈优 725 养分吸收的影响. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46(7): 1335-1346.

Sun Y J, Sun Y Y, Xu W, Yang Z Y, Qin J, Peng Y, Ma J. Effects of water-nitrogen management patterns and combined application of phosphorus and potassium fertilizers on nutrient absorption of hybrid rice Gangyou 725. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, 46(7): 1335-1346. (in Chinese)

[83] Awan M L, Bastiaans L, Oort P V, Ahmad R, Ashraf M Y, Meinke H. Nitrogen use and crop performance of rice under aerobic conditions in semiarid subtropical environment. Agronomy Journal, 2013, 1: 199-211.

[84] 田亚芹, 冯利平, 邹海平, 张祖建, 朱化敏, 苗宇新. 不同水分和氮素处理对寒地水稻生育及产量的影响. 生态学报, 2014, 34(23): 6864-6871.

Tian Y Q, Feng L P, Zou H P, Zhang Z J, Zhu H M, Miao Y X. Effects of water and nitrogen on growth, development and yield of rice in cold area of Northeast China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2014, 34(23): 6864-6871. (in Chinese)

[85] 李俊周, 李磊, 孙传范, 赵全志, 杜彦修, 张静, 彭廷. 水氮互作对水稻籽粒充实及产量的影响. 中国农业大学学报, 2011, 16(3): 42-47.

Li J Z, Li L, Sun C F, Zhao Q Z, Du Y X, Zhang J, Peng T. Effects of water-nitrogen interaction on rice grain plumpness and yield. Journal of China Agricultural University, 2011, 16(3): 42-47. (in Chinese)

[86] 张自常, 李鸿伟, 曹转勤, 王志琴, 杨建昌. 施氮量和灌溉方式的交互作用对水稻产量和品质影响. 作物学报, 2013, 39(1): 84-92.

Zhang Z C, Li H W, Cao Z Q, Wang Z Q, Yang J C. Effect of interaction between nitrogen rate and irrigation regime on grain yield and quality of rice. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2013, 39(1): 84-92. (in Chinese)

[87] 刘立军, 吴长付, 张耗, 杨建昌, 赵步洪. 实地氮肥管理对稻米品质的影响. 中国水稻科学, 2007, 21 (6) : 625-630.

Liu L J, Wu C F, Zhang H, Yang J C, Zhao B H. Effect of site-specific nitrogen management on rice quality. Chinese Journal of Rice Science, 2007, 21 (6): 625-630. (in Chinese)

[88] 刘明, 杨士红, 徐俊增, 彭世彰. 控释氮肥对节水灌溉水稻产量及水肥利用效率的影响.节水灌溉, 2014, 7: 7-10.

Liu M, Yang S H, Xu J Z, Peng S Z. Effects of controlled release fertilizer on rice yield, water and nitrogen use efficiency under water-saving irrigation. Water-saving Irrigation, 2014, 7: 7-10. (in Chinese)

[89] 杨建昌, 杜永, 刘辉. 长江下游稻麦周年超高产栽培途径与技术. 中国农业科学, 2008, 41(6): 1611-1621.

Yang J C, Du Y, Liu H. Cultivation approaches and techniques for annual super-high-yielding of rice and wheat in the lower reaches of Yangtze River. Scientia Agricultura Sinica. 2008, 41(6): 1611-1621. (in Chinese)

[90] 顾俊荣, 季红娟, 韩立宇, 董明辉, 赵步洪, 陈培峰. 不同水氮管理模式对粳稻籽粒结实和主要品质性状的影响. 中国稻米, 2015, 21(4): 44-48.

Gu J R, Ji H J, Han L Y, Dong M H, Zhao B H, Chen P F. Effects of different irrigation and fertilization strategies on grain setting traits and quality of japonica rice. Chinese Rice, 2015, 21(4): 44-48. (in Chinese)

[91] Li S X, Wang Z H, Stewart B A. Responses of crop plants to ammonium and nitrate N. Advances in Agronomy, 2013, 118: 205-396.

[92] 顾东祥, 汤亮, 徐其军, 雷晓俊, 曹卫星, 朱艳. 水氮处理下不同品种水稻根系生长分布特征. 植物生态学报, 2011, 35(5): 558-566.

Gu D X, Tang L, Xu Q J, Lei X J, Cao W X, Zhu Y. Root growth and distribution in rice cultivars as affected by nitrogen and water supply. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2011, 35(5): 558-566. (in Chinese)

[93] 蔡昆争, 骆世明, 段舜山．水稻群体根系特征与地上部生长发育和产量的关系．华南农业大学学报, 2005, 26(2): 1-4.

Cai K Z, Luo S M, Duan S S. The relationship between root system of rice and aboveground characteristics and yield. Journal of South China Agricultural University, 2005, 26(2): 1-4. (in Chinese)

[94] 段英华, 张亚丽, 沈其荣. 水稻根际的硝化作用与水稻的硝态氮营养. 土壤学报, 2004, 41(5): 803-809.

Duan Y H, Zhang Y L, Shen Q R. Nitrification in rice rhizosphere and the nitrate nutrition of rice. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 2004, 41(5): 803-809. (in Chinese)

[95] Zhu Q C, Wei C Z, Li M L, Zhu J L. Nutrient availability in the rhizosphere of rice grown with plastic film mulch and drip irrigation. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition, 2013, 13(4): 943-953.

[96] Zhu J K. Salt and drought stress signal transduction in plants. Annual Review of Plant Biology, 2002, 53: 247-273.

[97] Aulakh M S, Wassmann R, Bueno C, Kreuzwieser J, Rennenberg H. Characterization of root exudates at different growth stages of ten rice (Oryza sativa L.) cultivars. Plant Biology, 2001, 3: 139-148.

[98] Yang J C, Zhang J H, Huang Z L, Wang Z Q, Zhu Q S, Liu L G. Correlation of cytokinin levels in the endosperms and roots with cell number and cell division activity during endosperm development in rice. Annals of Botany, 2002, 90: 369-377.

[99] Hussain A, Black C R, Taylor I B, Roberts J A. Does an antagonistic relationship between ABA and ethylene mediate shoot growth when tomato plants encounter compacted soil? Plant, Cell and Environment, 2000, 23: 1217-1226.

[100] Liu J G, Zhu Q S, Zhang Z C, Xu Z J, Yang J C, Wong M H. Variations in cadmium accumulation among rice cultivars and types and the selection of cultivars for reducing cadmium in diet. Journal of the Science of Food and Agriculture, 2005, 85: 147-153.