燕麦‖大豆、燕麦‖绿豆系统种间互作对氮素吸收与结瘤固氮的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.S.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究种间互作对燕麦‖大豆、燕麦‖绿豆系统中作物氮素吸收和结瘤固氮特性的影响，筛选高效氮素吸收的燕麦‖豆科系统。【方法】于2013—2014年2个燕麦、大豆和绿豆生长季，在吉林省白城市农业科学院进行盆栽试验，设置7个处理（燕麦单作、大豆单作、绿豆单作、燕麦‖大豆根系无分隔、燕麦‖大豆根系完全分隔、燕麦‖绿豆根系无分隔和燕麦‖绿豆根系完全分隔），采用根系分隔技术研究燕麦‖大豆、燕麦‖绿豆根系无分隔和根系完全分隔系统中各作物氮素含量，豆科作物结瘤特性及根瘤固氮酶活性的变化。【结果】与燕麦单作相比，燕麦‖大豆、燕麦‖绿豆根系无分隔系统均显著提高了燕麦茎、叶和穗的氮素含量（P＜0.05），燕麦‖大豆、燕麦‖绿豆根系完全分隔系统对燕麦各器官的氮素含量影响不显著（P＞0.05）。与豆科作物单作相比，燕麦‖绿豆根系无分隔系统显著提高了绿豆茎、叶和豆的氮素含量（P＜0.05），而燕麦‖大豆根系无分隔系统对大豆各器官的氮素含量的影响不显著（P＞0.05）。燕麦‖绿豆根系无分隔系统显著提高了绿豆根瘤数、根瘤重和根瘤固氮酶活性（P＜0.05），两年试验中分别提高了38.45%、26.38%、9.09%和28.57%、20.16%、2.23%。燕麦‖大豆根系无分隔系统对大豆根瘤数和根瘤重影响均不显著（P＞0.05），两年试验中分别提高了26.22%、28.30%和31.29%、36.85%。相关性分析结果显示，燕麦地上部器官的氮素含量与豆科作物根瘤数、根瘤重和根瘤固氮酶活性均呈正相关关系，而燕麦根系的氮素含量与豆科作物根瘤数、根瘤重和根瘤固氮酶活性呈负相关关系。【结论】燕麦‖绿豆是一种氮素吸收效率较高、固氮能力较强的禾豆间作模式，可为燕麦‖豆科作物生产提供依据。

关键词: 燕麦, 大豆, 绿豆, 种间互作, 氮素吸收, 结瘤特性

Abstract: 【Objective】The objective of this experiment was to study the effects of interspecific interactions on nitrogen absorption, nodulation and nitrogen fixation in oat‖soybean and oat‖mung bean intercropping systems and search a higher nitrogen absorption efficiency oat‖legume system. 【Method】The experiment was conducted to determine the effects of interspecific interactions on nitrogen content, nodulation characteristics and nodule nitrogenase activity of legume in oat‖soybean and oat‖mung bean intercropping systems by seven treatments (oat monoculture, soybean monoculture, mung bean monoculture, oat‖soybean without root barriers, oat‖soybean with root barriers, oat‖mung bean without root barriers and oat‖mung bean with root barriers) with pot experiment at Baicheng Academy of Agricultural Sciences of Jilin Province in 2013 and 2014 oat, soybean and mung bean growing seasons. 【Result】The results indicated that: (1) Nitrogen content increased significantly in stem, leaf and spike (P＜0.05), and no significant difference in root (P＞0.05) of oat were observed in oat‖soybean and oat‖mung bean systems without root barriers compared with monoculture, respectively; (2) Interestingly, different results of legume nitrogen content were obtained in mung bean and soybean, nitrogen content increased significantly in stem, leaf and bean (P＜0.05) of mung bean in oat‖mung bean system, but no significant difference was observed (P＞0.05) of soybean in oat‖soybean system compared with monoculture, respectively; (3) There were significant increase, with up to 38.45%, 26.38%, 9.09% in 2013, and 28.57%, 20.16%, 2.23% in 2014, in number of nodules, nodules weight and nodules nitrogenase activity of mung bean (P＜0.05) in oat‖mung bean, respectively; but no significant impact found in oat‖soybean system, with up to 26.22%, 28.30% in 2013, and 31.29%, 36.85% in 2014, in number of nodules, nodules weight, respectively; (4) Nitrogen absorption of ground organs in oat had positive correlation, while root had negative correlation with number of nodules, nodules weight and nodules nitrogenase activity in legumes, respectively. 【Conclusion】Our results demonstated that oat‖mung bean had an higher nitrogen absorption efficiency and nitrogen fixation ability, which could provide guidance for oat‖legume production.

Key words: oat, soybean, mung bean, interspecific interactions, nitrogen absorption, nodulation characteristics

杨亚东，冯晓敏，任长忠，胡跃高，张卫建，曾昭海. 燕麦‖大豆、燕麦‖绿豆系统种间互作对氮素吸收与结瘤固氮的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(S): 32-39.

YANG Ya-dong, FENG Xiao-min, REN Chang-zhong, HU Yue-gao, ZHANG Wei-jian, ZENG Zhao-hai. Effects of Interspecific Interactions on Nitrogen Absorption，Nodulation and Nitrogen Fixation in Oat‖Soybean and Oat‖Mung Bean Intercropping Systems[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(S): 32-39.

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