中国主栽葡萄柚果肉酚类物质组成及其抗氧化活性

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2015.09.12

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】对不同品种葡萄柚（Citrus paradis Macfad.）的酚类物质组成及其抗氧化能力进行比较研究，为柑橘育种及葡萄柚资源的利用提供科学依据。【方法】以中国主栽的9个葡萄柚品种为材料，使用高效液相色谱（high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC）法检测分析各品种果肉酚类物质的组成、含量与分布情况，用自由基清除（2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals, DPPH）、铁离子还原（ferricreducing antioxidant power, FRAP）和自由基抗氧化（2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzthiozoline-6)-sulphonic acid, ABTS）3种方法对各品种果肉提取物的总抗氧化活性进行评价，并使用相关系数法分析抗氧化能力与多酚含量的相关性。【结果】结果表明，供试葡萄柚总酚含量变异范围为6.93—21.18 mg·g^-1 DW，‘四倍体马叙’葡萄柚的总酚含量最高；总黄酮含量变异范围为5.56—23.24 mg·g^-1 DW，‘四倍体马叙’的总黄酮含量最高。葡萄柚中的黄烷酮以柚皮苷和新橙皮苷为主，柚皮苷含量变异范围为1 180.58—3 065.33 μg·g^-1 DW，‘火焰’葡萄柚的柚皮苷含量最高，新橙皮苷含量变异范围为94.05—637.24 μg·g^-1 DW，‘鸡尾’葡萄柚的新橙皮苷含量最高。多甲氧基黄酮以橘皮素为主，其变异范围在0.56—4.66 μg·g^-1 DW之间，‘奥罗勃朗卡’的橘皮素含量最高。酚酸以没食子酸为主，其变异范围为60.42—385.53 μg·g^-1 DW，‘四倍体马叙’没食子酸含量最高。‘鸡尾’含有丰富的圣草次苷（111.23 μg·g^-1 DW），‘马叙’含有丰富的橙皮苷（130.90 μg·g^-1 DW），‘火焰’‘瑞红’‘四倍体马叙’和‘红马叙’含有丰富的没食子酸（＞300 μg·g^-1 DW），‘鸡尾’含有丰富的绿原酸、咖啡酸和阿魏酸。供试葡萄柚的综合抗氧化指数（an overall antioxidant potency composite index, APCI）变异范围大，在36.70—97.50之间，除‘奥罗勃朗卡’和‘鸡尾’外，其他葡萄柚的APCI都比较高（＞80）。柚皮苷、新橙皮苷、橙皮素、川陈皮素、橘皮素和绿原酸与果实抗氧化能力呈显著的正相关关系。【结论】中国主栽的9个葡萄柚品种多酚含量丰富，变异范围大，具有明显的组成和含量特点。柚皮苷、橘皮素和没食子酸是中国主栽葡萄柚的主要多酚类物质，各品种间多酚类物质的含量差异较大，抗氧化能力也有明显差异。‘火焰’‘瑞红’‘四倍体马叙’和‘红马叙’是没食子酸的良好来源，而‘鸡尾’是绿原酸、咖啡酸和阿魏酸的良好来源。总体上，在这些供试葡萄柚品种中，‘粉红汤姆逊’‘马叙’‘火焰’‘瑞红’‘四倍体马叙’和‘红马叙’不仅多酚含量极其丰富，而且抗氧化能力也高，是具有良好开发前景的天然抗氧化剂和保健食品及生物药品基料。

关键词: 葡萄柚, 酚类物质, 类黄酮, 酚酸, 抗氧化能力

Abstract: 【Objective】 The polyphenols in grapefruit (Citrus paradis Macfad.) of different varieties were identified and characterized. The antioxidant activities of polyphenol extracts from different samples of each variety were compared. The aim of the study is to obtain the scientific data for improvement of Citrus breeding, grapefruit resources development and utilization. 【Method】The composition and content of phenolic compounds in pulps of nine major grapefruit varieties cultivated in China were determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC), and the antioxidant activities of these grapefruits were evaluated by using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl radicals (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), and 2,2′-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiozoline- 6)-sulphonic acid (ABTS) methods. The correlation between antioxidant capacity and phenolic content was measured with Pearson correlation coefficient. 【Result】 Results showed that naringin and neohesperedin were the predominant flavanones in grapefruit, the naringin contents varied from 1 180.58 μg·g^-1 to 3 065.33 μg·g^-1, Huoyan had the highest content of naringin, while neohesperedin contents varied from 94.05 μg·g^-1 DW to 637.24 μg·g^-1 DW, Jiwei had the highest content of neohesperedin. Tangeretin was the major polymethoxylated ?avone, varying from 0.56 μg·g^-1 DW to 4.66 μg·g^-1 DW, which reached the highest content in Aoluobolangka, and gallic acid was the major phenolics acid, varying from 60.42 μg·g^-1 DW to 385.53 μg·g^-1 DW, which reached the highest content in Sibeitimaxu. Jiwei was rich in eriocitrin (111.23 μg·g^-1 DW), while Maxu rich in hesperidin (130.90 μg·g^-1 DW). Huoyan, Ruihong, Sibeitimaxu, and Hongmaxu had abundant gallic acid (＞300 μg·g^-1 DW), whereas Jiwei contained rich chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and ferulic acid. The overall antioxidant potency composite index (APCI) revealed wide variations in the grapefruits investigated (36.70-97.50). Except for Aoluobolangka and Jiwei, the other seven grapefruit cultivars presented high APCI (＞80). Naringin, neohesperedin, hesperetin, nobiletin, tangeretin and chlorogenic acid showed a significant positive correlation with antioxidant abilities. 【Conclusion】 The pulps of nine major grapefruit varieties cultivated in China were rich in polyphenols. Different varieties showed obvious variations and characterized by their composition and content of phenolic compounds. Naringin, tangeretin and gallic acid were the predominant phenolic compounds of nine grapefruit varieties studied. Significant variations in polyphenols contents and antioxidant abilities were found between the tested varieties. Huoyan, Ruihong, Sibeitimaxu and Hongmaxu are good natural source of gallic acid, while Jiwei is the natural source of chlorogenic acid, caffeic acid and ferulic acid. Among the nine grapefruit varieties investigated in the study, Fenhongtangmuxun, Maxu, Huoyan, Ruihong, Sibeitimaxu and Hongmaxu not only contained rich phenolic compounds, but also presented high antioxidant activities. It was concluded that these cultivars may be used as a good natural antioxidant as well as an important basic material of functional foods and biomedicinals.

Key words: grapefruit, phenolics, flavonoid, phenolic acid, antioxidant capacity

张桂伟，张秋云，江东，席万鹏，周志钦. 中国主栽葡萄柚果肉酚类物质组成及其抗氧化活性[J]. 中国农业科学, 2015, 48(9): 1785-1794.

ZHANG Gui-wei, ZHANG Qiu-yun, JIANG Dong, XI Wan-peng, ZHOU Zhi-qin. Phenolic Composition and Antioxidant Activities of Grapefruit Varieties Cultivated in China[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2015, 48(9): 1785-1794.

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