中国农业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (7): 1459-1472.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.07.014
罗牡康1,2,贾栩超2,张瑞芬2,刘磊2,董丽红2,池建伟2,白亚娟2,张名位2
收稿日期:
2019-08-21
接受日期:
2019-10-22
出版日期:
2020-04-01
发布日期:
2020-04-14
作者简介:
罗牡康,E-mail: luomk1127@163.com。
基金资助:
MuKang LUO1,2,XuChao JIA2,RuiFen ZHANG2,Lei LIU2,LiHong DONG2,JianWei CHI2,YaJuan BAI2,MingWei ZHANG2
Received:
2019-08-21
Accepted:
2019-10-22
Online:
2020-04-01
Published:
2020-04-14
摘要: 【目的】 探讨杨桃果实中酚类物质的组成、含量、生物可及性及其抗氧化活性,为杨桃的鲜食消费和深加工利用提供参考。 【方法】 以广州红杨桃(GZ)、香蜜杨桃(XM)、台湾蜜丝杨桃(TW)3个品种的果实为材料,采用高效液相色谱串联质谱法(HPLC-MS/MS)检测杨桃果实中主要的酚类物质,选用ABTS +自由基清除能力和氧自由基吸收能力(ORAC)两种方法测定其抗氧化能力,采取体外模拟胃肠消化法分析各杨桃品种果实在消化过程中消化液总酚、总黄酮、单体酚物质及抗氧化能力的变化,并计算其酚类物质生物可及性。 【结果】 从杨桃果实提取物中检测到了3种酚酸(原儿茶酸、对香豆酸和阿魏酸)和3种黄酮类物质(原花青素B2、表儿茶素和异槲皮苷),其中原花青素B2和表儿茶素是含量最高的单体酚。供试杨桃品种的总酚、总黄酮含量的变异范围分别为234.41—293.30 mg GAE/100g FW和165.75—278.97 mg CE/100g FW。模拟胃消化后,杨桃消化液中生物可及性多酚和黄酮的总含量分别为151.57—180.45 mg GAE/100 g FW和113.06—164.45 mg CE/100 g FW,总酚和总黄酮的生物可及性分别为54.05%—76.98%和47.58%—93.88%。进一步经肠消化后,释放入消化液中的生物可及性酚类成分有所减少,生物可及性多酚和黄酮的总含量分别为116.64—155.76 mg GAE/100 g FW和78.47—148.44 mg CE/100 g FW,总酚和总黄酮的生物可及性分别为46.57%—66.45%和40.12%—84.75%。胃消化释放入消化液的原花青素B2和表儿茶素分别达到56.60%—87.54%和65.33%—85.92%,而胃肠消化液中检测到的原花青素B2和表儿茶素含量分别为杨桃果实提取物的51.90%—80.94%和32.81%—37.50%。杨桃胃消化液的ABTS和ORAC抗氧化值分别为杨桃果实提取物的97.56%、102.42%、92.36%和122.73%、118.50%、107.14%,而经进一步肠消化后消化液的ABTS和ORAC值分别降低12.33%—26.60%和37.95%—43.28%。 【结论】 杨桃中主要的酚类物质包括原儿茶酸、对香豆酸、阿魏酸、原花青素B2、表儿茶素和异槲皮苷,其中原花青素B2和表儿茶素的含量显著高于其他4种酚类物质。杨桃果实经模拟胃液消化后消化液中有较高的酚类物质含量,而肠消化过程使生物可及性的酚类物质含量显著降低。
罗牡康,贾栩超,张瑞芬,刘磊,董丽红,池建伟,白亚娟,张名位. 杨桃的酚类成分含量及其生物可及性与抗氧化活性[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(7): 1459-1472.
MuKang LUO,XuChao JIA,RuiFen ZHANG,Lei LIU,LiHong DONG,JianWei CHI,YaJuan BAI,MingWei ZHANG. Phenolic Content, Bioavailability and Antioxidant Activity of Carambola[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(7): 1459-1472.
表1
单体酚类物质的优化离子碎片"
化合物 Compound | 保留时间 Retention time (min) | 特征离子Characteristic ion (m/z) | 碰撞能量Collision energy (V) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 2 | 1 | 2 | ||
原儿茶酸 Protocatechuic acid | 2.59 | 153.06→109.11 | 153.06→91.18 | 12.99 | 23.90 |
原花青素B2 Proanthocyanidin B2 | 5.90 | 577.15→407.04 | 577.15→425.06 | 20.87 | 12.98 |
表儿茶素 Epicatechin | 7.88 | 289.15→245.04 | 289.15→203.04 | 13.49 | 17.74 |
对香豆酸 p-Coumaric acid | 9.66 | 163.06→119.11 | 163.06→93.15 | 12.33 | 29.47 |
阿魏酸 Ferulic acid | 12.13 | 193.06→134.11 | 193.06→178.00 | 14.75 | 11.47 |
异槲皮苷 Isoquercitrin | 15.23 | 463.15→300.00 | 463.15→301.01 | 25.27 | 19.96 |
表2
杨桃果实中单体酚的含量"
品种 Variety | 含量 Content (mg/100 g FW) | |||
---|---|---|---|---|
广州红杨桃 GZ | 香蜜杨桃 XM | 台湾蜜丝杨桃 TW | ||
酚酸 Phenolic acid | 原儿茶酸 Protocatechuic acid | 1.25±0.30b | ND | 1.49±0.00b |
对香豆酸 p-Coumaric acid | 0.98±0.02a | 1.23±0.05b | 0.89±0.02a | |
阿魏酸 Ferulic acid | 1.28±0.02ab | 1.40±0.03b | 1.20±0.01a | |
黄酮 Flavone | 原花青素B2 Proanthocyanidin B2 | 14.93±0.51a | 18.86±0.90b | 13.41±0.81a |
表儿茶素 Epicatechin | 9.23±0.10b | 11.55±1.55c | 5.97±0.33a | |
异槲皮苷 Isoquercitrin | 2.16±0.06b | 1.02±0.03a | 1.74±0.10b |
表3
杨桃体外消化过程中释放入消化液中的总酚和总黄酮含量及其生物可及性"
总酚 Total phenolic(mg GAE/100 g FW) | 总黄酮 Total flavonoid(mg CE/100 g FW) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
广州红杨桃 GZ | 香蜜杨桃 XM | 台湾蜜丝杨桃 TW | 广州红杨桃 GZ | 香蜜杨桃 XM | 台湾蜜丝杨桃 TW | |
果肉中含量 Contents in fruit | 234.41±7.88a | 293.30±2.16b | 244.29±6.98a | 175.16±8.57a | 278.97±5.50b | 165.75±21.16a |
胃消化释放量 Content released during GD | 180.46±16.89b | 158.52±4.26a | 151.57±10.94a | 164.45±2.58c | 132.74±13.83b | 113.06±16.92a |
胃消化生物可及性 Bioaccessibility during GD (%) | 76.98 | 54.05 | 62.05 | 93.88 | 47.58 | 68.21 |
胃肠消化释放量 Content released during GID | 155.76±17.85c | 136.59±1.11b | 116.64±10.84a | 148.44±11.53c | 111.93±12.01b | 78.47±12.63a |
胃肠消化生物可及性Bioaccessibility during GID (%) | 66.45 | 46.57 | 47.75 | 84.75 | 40.12 | 47.34 |
表4
杨桃果实中单体酚含量及其在体外消化过程中的释放情况"
单体酚种类 Monomeric phenols | 品种 Variety | 果实中含量 Content in fruit | 胃消化释放量 Content released during GD | 胃肠消化释放量 Content released during GID |
---|---|---|---|---|
原儿茶酸 Protocatechuic acid | 广州红杨桃 GZ | 1.25±0.30b | 0.37±0.22a | 0.43±0.07a |
香蜜杨桃 XM | ND | ND | 0.24±0.02b | |
台湾蜜丝杨桃 TW | 1.49±0.00c | 0.22±0.06a | 0.43±0.07b | |
对香豆酸 Para-Coumaric acid | 广州红杨桃 GZ | 0.98±0.02b | 1.15±0.24c | 0.58±0.01a |
香蜜杨桃 XM | 1.23±0.05c | 0.89±0.08b | 0.58±0.00a | |
台湾蜜丝杨桃 TW | 0.89±0.02b | 0.86±0.01b | ND | |
阿魏酸 Ferulic acid | 广州红杨桃 GZ | 1.28±0.02b | 0.76±0.04a | 0.72±0.00a |
香蜜杨桃 XM | 1.40±0.03b | 0.87±0.03a | 0.75±0.06a | |
台湾蜜丝杨桃 TW | 1.20±0.01c | 0.80±0.01b | 0.68±0.07a | |
原花青素 B2 Proanthocyanidin B2 | 广州红杨桃 GZ | 14.93±0.51b | 13.07±2.96b | 8.45±1.41a |
香蜜杨桃 XM | 18.86±0.90c | 11.88±0.63b | 9.58±0.96a | |
台湾蜜丝杨桃 TW | 13.41±0.81c | 9.88±0.30b | 6.96±0.39a | |
表儿茶素 Epicatechin | 广州红杨桃 GZ | 9.23±0.10c | 7.93±2.02b | 3.32±0.76a |
香蜜杨桃 XM | 11.55±1.55c | 5.86±0.56b | 3.79±0.24a | |
台湾蜜丝杨桃 TW | 5.97±0.33c | 3.90±0.03b | 2.22±0.06a | |
异槲皮苷 Isoquercitrin | 广州红杨桃 GZ | 2.16±0.06c | 1.32±0.42b | 0.73±0.05a |
香蜜杨桃 XM | 1.02±0.03c | 0.63±0.04b | 0.39±0.03a | |
台湾蜜丝杨桃 TW | 1.74±0.10c | 1.30±0.20b | 0.86±0.14a |
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