中国农业科学 ›› 2020, Vol. 53 ›› Issue (4): 823-835.doi: 10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2020.04.014
收稿日期:
2019-07-07
接受日期:
2019-08-21
出版日期:
2020-02-16
发布日期:
2020-03-09
联系方式:
王霆,Tel:18293158476;E-mail:1067645016@qq.com。
基金资助:
Ting WANG,Yu ZHANG,Hong LIU,TianTian HE,Yang BI,JianMin YUN()
Received:
2019-07-07
Accepted:
2019-08-21
Published:
2020-02-16
Online:
2020-03-09
摘要:
【目的】探索臭氧熏蒸处理联合PE包装对金针菇采后贮藏品质及抗氧化能力的影响,以延长金针菇的货架期。【方法】以工厂化栽培的白色金针菇为试材,采后(4±1)℃预冷24 h,在低温(8±1℃)条件下采用臭氧对金针菇进行熏蒸处理,再用PE保鲜薄膜密封包装,以感官评分、褐变指数、失重率为筛选指标,筛选最佳臭氧熏蒸浓度和处理时间;随后,在(4±1)℃低温下进行金针菇贮藏试验,每隔3 d测定主要生理品质指标:菇盖直径、失重率、丙二醛(MDA)含量、相对电导率、褐变指数、菌落总数、呼吸强度、活性氧含量($O^{\bar{·}}_{2}$和H2O2)以及过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性,以此来评价臭氧对金针菇的保鲜效果。【结果】在(4±1)℃低温贮藏21 d后,经2.711 mg·m -3臭氧熏蒸处理15 min的金针菇感官评分显著高于对照组;菇盖直径、失重率、MDA含量、相对电导率、褐变指数、菌落总数显著低于对照组(P<0.05);处理组呼吸跃变高峰推迟出现,活性氧(ROS)含量($O^{\bar{·}}_{2}$和H2O2)的积累量显著(P<0.05)低于对照组,而过氧化氢酶(CAT)、超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)的活性仍能保持较高的水平。在21 d的贮藏过程中,同时期的金针菇处理与对照相比,总体感官品质良好,处理组表面凹陷和泛黄程度比对照组轻,其评分均高于对照组,且在第6、12、15、18和21天,处理组比对照组(CKPE)分别高3.8%、4.3%、3.7%、3.6%、4.7%;失重率在6 d后有了明显差异,处理组低于对照组;处理组子实体的呼吸跃变高峰推迟出现;MDA含量在贮藏初期(1—6 d)上升较为缓慢,随后迅速累积,变化趋势与相对电导率一致;金针菇的褐变指数与菇体表面的菌落总数整体呈上升趋势,并且处理组显著低于对照;活性氧含量都呈持续上升趋势,处理比对照的上升趋势缓慢;SOD酶活性在第9天时达到最大值,第12天时CAT活性达到最大值。【结论】臭氧熏蒸处理联合PE包装可以明显延缓金针菇采后品质的劣变,提升其抗氧化能力,延长保质期。
王霆,张雨,刘宏,何田田,毕阳,贠建民. 臭氧熏蒸处理联合PE包装对金针菇采后贮藏品质 及抗氧化能力的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2020, 53(4): 823-835.
Ting WANG,Yu ZHANG,Hong LIU,TianTian HE,Yang BI,JianMin YUN. Effects of Ozone Fumigation Combined with PE Packaging on Postharvest Storage Quality and Antioxidant Capacity of Flammulina velutipes[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2020, 53(4): 823-835.
表1
金针菇感官评定标准"
评分 Scoring criteria | 菇体色泽 Mushroom color (20) | 菇盖形态 Mushroom cap morphological (20) | 菇体气味 Mushroom odor (20) | 萎蔫程度 Wilting degree (20) | 整体接受度 Overall acceptance (20) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
20-16 | 洁白有光泽 White and shiny | 完整,无凹陷 Complete, no depression | 很浓的金针菇特有清香味 Very strong uniquess fragrance of F. velutipes | 无萎蔫 No wilting | 非常满意 Very satisfied |
16-12 | 轻微褐变较有光泽 Slight browning and lustrous | 较完整少量凹陷 Complete, slightly depressed | 淡淡的金针菇特有清香味Light unique fragrance of F. velutipes | 轻微萎蔫 Slight wilting | 满意 Satisfied |
12-8 | 明显褐变、无光泽 Obvious browning and tarnishing | 略完整,较多凹陷 Slightly intact, more depressions | 没有金针菇特有清香味 No unique fragrance of F. velutipes | 有萎蔫 Wilting | 一般满意 General satisfaction |
8-0 | 严重褐变、无光 Severe browning and tarnishing | 不完整,严重凹陷 Incomplete, severe depression | 略有异味 Smelly | 严重萎蔫 Severe wilting | 无法接受 Unacceptable |
表2
臭氧熏蒸对保鲜金针菇菇体感官品质、褐变指数及失重率的影响"
指标 Index | 时间 Time (d) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
0 | 3 | 6 | 9 | 12 | ||
感官评分Sensory evaluation | CKPE | 100.00±0.00a | 95.80±0.80c | 89.53±0.92ef | 85.93±0.64bc | 78.69±0.99de |
1.35 mg∙m-³ 10 min | 100.00±0.00a | 95.54±0.47c | 87.42±1.12g | 81.26±0.78ef | 79.34±0.79cd | |
1.35 mg∙m-³ 15 min | 100.00±0.00a | 97.76±1.14a | 92.65±1.09bc | 84.25±1.01cd | 80.18±1.01bcd | |
1.35 mg∙m-³ 20 min | 100.00±0.00a | 97.37±0.88ab | 92.66±1.07bc | 84.34±1.39bc | 79.15±0.99cde | |
2.71 mg∙m-³ 10 min | 100.00±0.00a | 96.58±0.53bc | 87.36±0.70g | 82.83±2.12de | 78.34±0.63de | |
2.71 mg∙m-³ 15 min | 100.00±0.00a | 98.75±0.85a | 95.64±0.74a | 87.25±1.01a | 82.31±1.37a | |
2.71 mg∙m-³ 20 min | 100.00±0.00a | 95.54±1.44c | 90.69±1.14de | 82.16±1.35ef | 80.68±0.85abc | |
4.06 mg∙m-³ 10 min | 100.00±0.00a | 95.19±0.84c | 89.25±0.81f | 80.82±0.96f | 77.75±1.00de | |
4.06 mg∙m-³ 15 min | 100.00±0.00a | 95.18±0.96ab | 89.29±1.01b | 80.83±0.98ab | 77.74±1.12de | |
4.06 mg∙m-³ 20 min | 100.00±0.00a | 97.90±0.95ab | 93.81±0.64cd | 86.57±0.46f | 81.18±1.63ab | |
褐变指数 BI | CKPE | 12.59±0.33a | 18.73±0.16c | 22.88±0.44d | 28.38±0.27c | 33.86±0.65d |
1.35 mg∙m-³ 10 min | 13.36±0.41ab | 20.32±0.61d | 23.44±0.50d | 33.53±0.49e | 31.54±0.53c | |
1.35 mg∙m-³ 15 min | 13.63±0.40ab | 14.92±0.41a | 27.18±0.87f | 25.06±0.51b | 31.45±0.55c | |
1.35 mg∙m-³ 20 min | 13.64±0.39ab | 18.88±0.60c | 23.00±0.05d | 25.58±0.45b | 28.19±0.82b | |
2.71 mg∙m-³ 10 min | 13.35±0.57ab | 17.72±0.35b | 25.14±0.12e | 29.18±1.17d | 33.44±0.65d | |
2.71 mg∙m-³ 15 min | 13.35±0.89ab | 14.33±0.48a | 15.67±0.58a | 16.82±1.49a | 19.91±1.11a | |
2.71 mg∙m-³ 20 min | 13.55±0.74ab | 20.22±0.86d | 20.42±0.79b | 25.99±0.50b | 31.12±0.51c | |
4.06 mg∙m-³ 10 min | 13.88±0.56a | 17.66±0.49b | 21.80±0.53c | 35.95±0.21f | 32.49±1.49cd | |
4.06 mg∙m-³ 15 min | 13.24±0.25ab | 14.68±0.34a | 21.96±0.37c | 25.98±0.15b | 31.20±0.55c | |
4.06 mg∙m-³ 20 min | 13.46±0.70ab | 19.22±0.96c | 23.83±0.32d | 25.59±0.46b | 28.23±0.54b | |
失重率 Weight loss rate (%) | CKPE | 0.00±0.00a | 1.67±0.09bcd | 2.42±0.37e | 2.84±0.33bc | 3.42±0.28de |
1.35 mg∙m-³ 10 min | 0.00±0.00a | 1.88±0.24e | 2.01±0.33bcd | 2.56±0.10b | 5.84±0.21g | |
1.35 mg∙m-³ 15 min | 0.00±0.00a | 1.05±0.07a | 1.80±0.09b | 2.72±.17b | 2.68±0.18b | |
1.35 mg∙m-³ 20 min | 0.00±0.00a | 1.78±0.05cde | 2.16±0.07cde | 3.10±0.07c | 3.53±0.19e | |
2.71 mg∙m-³ 10 min | 0.00±0.00a | 1.61±0.08bc | 1.92±0.12bcd | 2.53±0.12b | 3.15±0.09cd | |
2.71 mg∙m-³ 15 min | 0.00±0.00a | 1.07±0.05a | 1.07±0.03a | 2.03±0.09a | 2.27±0.13a | |
2.71 mg∙m-³ 20 min | 0.00±0.00a | 1.75±0.06cde | 2.23±0.05cde | 3.85±0.38d | 4.21±0.07f | |
4.06 mg∙m-³ 10 min | 0.00±0.00a | 1.50±0.09b | 1.86±0.09bc | 1.98±0.10a | 2.78±0.18b | |
4.06 mg∙m-³ 15 min | 0.00±0.00a | 1.15±0.13a | 2.16±0.07cde | 2.80±0.28bc | 3.16±0.28cd | |
4.06 mg∙m-³ 20 min | 0.00±0.00a | 1.82±0.06de | 2.10±0.08bcde | 2.47±0.05b | 3.01±0.12bc |
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