苹果连作土壤中主要酚酸类物质对平邑甜茶幼苗根系的影响

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2016.05.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究砂培条件下土壤实测浓度的酚酸及其混合物对平邑甜茶幼苗生物量以及根系相关指标的影响，为研究苹果连作障碍的缓解措施及指导老果园的更新提供理论依据。【方法】试验包括对照（CK）、根皮素（T1）、酚酸混合物（T2）、香草醛（T3）、根皮苷（T4）、水杨酸（T5）、苯甲酸（T6）共7个处理，测定5种酚酸及其混合物对平邑甜茶幼苗生物量、根系线粒体相关指标、根系活力、根系超氧化物岐化酶（SOD）、过氧化物酶（POD）、过氧化氢酶（CAT）以及三羧酸循环（TCA）相关酶等指标的影响。【结果】5种酚酸及其混合物均降低了平邑甜茶幼苗的根、茎鲜重，以混合酚酸（T2）处理降低最明显，根鲜重、茎鲜重分别为对照的27.3%、51.7%。单个酚酸处理相比，以根皮苷（T4）对平邑甜茶幼苗伤害最大，根鲜重、茎鲜重分别为对照的42.3%、60.6%。各处理对平邑甜茶幼苗的伤害大小排序为：混合酚酸＞根皮苷＞根皮素＞香草醛＞水杨酸＞苯甲酸＞对照。不同酚酸处理后均使平邑甜茶幼苗的根系活力下降，随着处理时间的延长，根系活力降低越显著；在处理后的第1、3、5天以T2处理降低最显著，分别为对照的73.0%、71.7%和76.1%；在处理后的第10天和15天，T4处理的根系活力降低最显著，由对照的85.5%降为54.4%。不同酚酸处理均可导致MDA含量显著升高，随着处理时间的延长，根系MDA含量升高越显著，在处理后的第1、3、5天，以T2处理升高最显著，分别为对照的7.71、1.66和1.66倍。过氧化氢（H₂O₂）含量则呈现先升高后降低的趋势，在处理后的第3天，T1、T2、T3、T4、T5、T6各处理根系线粒体H₂O₂含量的增幅最大，分别为对照的2.50、2.36、2.58、2.59、2.40、2.58倍。不同酚酸处理对平邑甜茶幼苗根系TCA循环相关的顺乌头酸酶和异柠檬酸脱氢酶活性具有抑制作用，这与不同酚酸处理后的根系活力下降的结果相一致，但不同酚酸对延胡索酸酶的活性没有影响。不同酚酸处理后根系线粒体膜通透性转换孔（MPTP）开放程度增大，细胞色素Cyt c/a比值下降，其中在处理后的第1、3、5、10、15天，以T2处理的细胞色素Cyt c/a比值下降最显著，分别为对照的76.0%、76.9%、69.1%、66.4%和64.2%，其次为T4处理；在处理后的第15天，各处理的根系线粒体Cyt c/a由低到高为：混合酚酸＞根皮苷＞香草醛＞水杨酸＞根皮素＞苯甲酸＞对照。【结论】酚酸混合物、根皮苷和根皮素对平邑甜茶幼苗的生长发育总体表现的抑制作用更大，表明根皮苷、根皮素是引起苹果园连作障碍的关键酚酸类物质。在老果园的更新工作时，可首先考虑采用多种措施来降解根皮苷和根皮素以缓解苹果连作障碍中酚酸带来的危害。

关键词: 苹果连作障碍, 酚酸类物质, 线粒体相关指标, TCA相关酶

Abstract: 【Objective】Effect of soil measured concentrations of phenolic acids and their mixture on the biomass and root system related indexes of Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings was studied to provide theoretical basis for the research of the mitigation measures of apple continuous cropping obstacle and the guidance of the old orchard. 【Method】 The test includes the control (CK), T1 (phloretin), T2 (mixture of phenolic acids), T3 (vanillic aldehyde), T4 (phlorizin), T5 (salicylic acid), and T6 (benzoic acid), a total of 7 treatments. Effects of soil concentration of five phenolic acids and their mixture on the biomass, root mitochondria-related indicators, root activity, root antioxidant related enzymes (SOD, POD, CAT), and changes of the tricarboxylic acid cycle (TCA) related aconitase enzymes on seedlings of Malus hupehensis Rehd. 【Result】 Five phenolic acids and their mixture reduced the root and stem fresh weight of the Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings and the mixture of phenolic acids (T2) had the most inhibitory effect, which fresh weight were 27.3% and 51.7% as control, respectively. Compared to a single phenolic acid treatment, the largest damage treatment was phloridzin (T4), and the root and stem fresh weight were 27.3% and 51.7% as control, respectively. Treatments that caused damage to the biomass of Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings were sorted as: Mixed phenolic acids＞Phlorizin＞Phloretin＞Vanillic aldehyde＞Salicylic acid＞Benzoic acid＞Control. Different phenolic acids treatments reduced the root activity of the Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings. With the extension of treatment time, the root activity decreased more significantly. Root activity of T2 reduced the most significant after treatment of 1, 3, 5 d, which were 73.0%, 71.7% and 76.1% as control, respectively. Root activity of T4 reduced the most significant after treatment of 10, 15 d, which reduced from 85.5% to 54.4% as control. Different phenolic acids treatments also reduced the root activity of SOD, POD and CAT. Different phenolic acids treatments could significantly increase the content of malondialdehyde (MDA). With the extension of treatment time, the content of MDA increased more significantly. The MDA of T2 increased the most significant after treatment of 1, 3, 5 d, which were 7.71, 1.66, and 1.66 times as control, respectively. The content of hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂) increased first and then decreased. The H₂O₂ of T1, T2, T3, T4, T5, T6 increased the most significant after treatment of 3 d, which were 2.50, 2.36, 2.58, 2.59, 2.40 and 2.58 times as control, respectively. Different phenolic acids treatments inhibited the TCA cycle related activity of aconitase and isocitrate dehydrogenase, which consistent declined in root activity. However, different phenolic acids treatments had no effect on fumaric acid enzyme activity. The phenolic acids increased the opening of mitochondrial permeability transition pores, decreased the membrane electric potential and cytochrome c/a. The cytochrome c/a of T2 reduced the most significant after treatment of 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 d, which were 76.0%, 76.9%, 69.1%, 66.4%, 64.2% as control, respectively. Followed by T4 treatment, the cytochrome c/a of T4 at 15 d varied from low to high: Mixed phenolic acids＞Phlorizin＞Phloretin＞Vanillic aldehyde＞Salicylic acid＞Benzoic acid＞Control.【Conclusion】Phenolic acids mixtures, phlorizin and phloretin had greater inhibition effect on the growthof Malus hupehensis Rehd. seedlings. The results showed that phlorizin and phloretin were the main phenolic acids in the replanted apple orchards. When updating the old orchard, a variety of measures can be used to degrade phlorizin and phloretin primarily to ease harm caused by phenolic acids in the apple replant disease.

Key words: apple replant disease, phenolic acids, mitochondria related index, TCA related enzymes

尹承苗，胡艳丽，王功帅，张先富，周慧，沈向，陈学森，毛志泉. 苹果连作土壤中主要酚酸类物质对平邑甜茶幼苗根系的影响[J]. 中国农业科学, 2016, 49(5): 961-969.

YIN Cheng-miao, HU Yan-li, WANG Gong-shuai, ZHANG Xian-fu, ZHOU Hui, SHEN Xiang, CHEN Xue-sen, MAO Zhi-quan. Effect of Main Phenolic Acids of the Apple Replanted Soil on the Roots of Malus hupehensis Rehd. Seedlings[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2016, 49(5): 961-969.

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