肌肉发育相关LncRNA的研究进展

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.20.016

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 生长发育性状是受遗传和环境因素共同作用和/或相互作用的复杂性状，尽管利用全基因组关联研究可分析基因组上全部基因，筛选出与某类性状关联的SNP，但很难综合评价某个基因对其确切的作用。寻找与生长发育相关的精准基因是育种研究的目标之一。长链非编码RNA(long noncoding RNA，LncRNA)在细胞增殖分化、个体发育、信号转导、干细胞维持、代谢等几乎所有重要生命活动中发挥关键的调控作用，在表观遗传水平、转录水平及转录后水平等方面具有控制基因表达的作用，与多种重大疾病的发生密切相关。LncRNA是一类长度大于200个nt，且不表现出蛋白质编码潜能的RNAs，通过多种机制发挥生物学功能，参与染色质修饰、X染色体沉默以及基因组印记、转录干扰、转录激活、核内运输等多种重要调控过程，涉及表观遗传调控、转录调控及转录后调控等多个层面。深入探讨LncRNA调控生肌因子进而调节肌肉发育分化的新路径，阐释哺乳动物生肌分子时间，寻找肌肉组织中与生长发育相关的新LncRNA分子，深入研究与生长发育密切相关的LncRNA分子及其靶基因的生物学功能，阐明 LncRNA 在肌肉生长发育的调控机制，是肌肉发育遗传育种的主要研究内容。本文就LncRNA在哺乳动物肌肉生长发育、细胞生长、分化、增殖中的作用进行综述。

关键词: LncRNA, 哺乳动物, 肌肉生长发育, 细胞, 增殖, 分化

Abstract: It is well known that the growth traits are complex traits which are jointly or mutually affected by genetic and environmental factors. Although the genome-wide association analyses can be used to analyze all genes on the genome and screen out SNPs associated with certain traits, it is hardly and comprehensively to evaluat the exact role of one gene. One of the goals of breeders is to find the precise gene associated with growth and development, the researches on gene expression and regulation in the past were mainly through the regulation of gene transcription which are mediated by transcription factors, and the protein-coding genes were of the biggest concern, and so the RNA once thought to be transition between proteins and DNA , but the role of RNA in the process of life is far more than people imagine, especially long noncoding RNA (LncRNA) which was recently discovered. LncRNA played a key role in almost all important life events, such as cell proliferation and differentiation, ontogeny, signal transduction, stem cell maintenance and metabolism and so on. It also could regulate the expression of genes on the epigenetic level, the level of transcription and post-transcriptional level, etc., and closely related to the occurrence of many major human diseases. The long noncoding RNA is longer than 200 nt and does not show the potential of coding protein. LncRNA exerts its biological function through multiple mechanisms, which participates in X chromosome silencing, genomic imprinting, chromatin modification, transcriptional activation, transcriptional interference, nuclear transport and other important regulatory process. And LncRNA relates to epigenetic regulation, transcriptional regulation and post-transcriptional regulation. Through in-depth understanding of LncRNA function to adjust the depth LncRNA new molecular pathways regulating muscle development and differentiation through myogenic factor, a new perspective to examine and explain the molecular events mammalian myogenic, and to find new LncRNA molecules in muscle tissue related to growth and development, and to find the LncRNA molecular which are closely related to growth and development and biological function of the target gene in-depth study, and to clarify the molecular mechanisms of LncRNA regulation in muscle growth and development, and it’s the main contents of the genetic breeding researches in terms of muscle development. This article focused the research progress on LncRNA’ s role in mammalian development, cell growth, differentiation and proliferation.

Key words: LncRNA, mammals, muscular growth and development, cells, proliferation, differentiation

魏彩虹，吴明明，刘瑞凿，赵福平，张莉，杜立新. 肌肉发育相关LncRNA的研究进展[J]. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(20): 4078-4085.

WEI Cai-hong, WU Ming-ming, LIU Rui-zao, ZHAO Fu-ping, ZHANG Li, DU Li-xin. Research Progress in Muscular Growth and Development of Long Noncoding RNAs[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(20): 4078-4085.

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