一个矮秆多分蘖水稻突变体的植物激素动态特性分析

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.13.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】比较水稻矮秆多分蘖突变体与野生型材料间的植物激素含量差异，并分析不同生长调节剂处理对其株高、分蘖的影响，探析植物激素在突变体形态发育过程中的生理功能。【方法】以T-DNA插入引起的矮秆多分蘖突变体（CA648）及对照中花11（ZH11）为供试材料，采用高效液相色谱法（HPLC）分析三叶期、五叶期、分蘖盛期、拔节孕穗期的根、假茎(或茎)、叶中的赤霉素（GA1，GA4）、生长素（IAA）、玉米素（Z）和脱落酸（ABA）的含量，进行CA648与ZH11在不同生长发育时期的不同器官中的植物激素含量差异比较分析；利用液相色谱-串联质谱联用法（HPLC-MS/MS）测定拔节孕穗期根、基部、茎秆及叶片中的IAA、Z及玉米素核苷（ZR）的含量并进行根、茎、叶等不同器官中IAA与Z+ZR含量间的比值差异分析；在CA648与ZH11的不同生长发育时期喷施不同浓度的GA3、IAA、Z及多效唑处理后统计株高、分蘖的变化特性，并比较分析CA648与ZH11对不同生长调节剂处理的反应敏感性差异。【结果】不同生长发育时期的CA648与ZH11的不同器官中的植物激素存在不同变化趋势。GA1+4含量变化情况为在三叶期和五叶期的叶片中两者相差不大，而根和假茎中的含量则是CA648高于ZH11；从五叶期至拔节期，随着生育期延长，ZH11的假茎和根中GA1+4含量升高而叶片中含量降低，但CA648却表现出相反的变化趋势，假茎和根中的GA1+4含量降低但叶片中含量却升高。IAA含量变化情况为五叶期、分蘖盛期时CA648叶片中的IAA含量低于ZH11，而假茎中的IAA含量却高于ZH11；拔节期时，CA648的根、茎、叶中IAA含量均与ZH11对应器官中的IAA含量相差不大。Z、ZR含量变化情况为三叶期CA648的根与假茎中的Z含量都低于ZH11；在拔节期，分蘖部位的基部和茎中的Z+ZR含量为CA648高于ZH11，而叶片中的Z+ZR含量却是CA648略低于ZH11。ABA含量变化情况为在三叶期、五叶期时CA648的ABA含量高于ZH11，而拔节期却显著低于ZH11。IAA与Z+ZR的比值情况为在顶叶、茎秆中是CA648大于ZH11，而在基部和根中则是CA648中的比值小于ZH11。不同浓度GA3、IAA、Z和多效唑喷施处理表明CA648的株高易受生长调节剂的影响。与喷水对照相比，喷施GA3、IAA、Z均能增加CA648的株高，其敏感性依次为GA3处理＞IAA处理＞Z处理；喷施多效唑后CA648与ZH11的株高均明显降低；虽然CA648与ZH11的株高均受GA3、多效唑等生长调节剂的影响，但CA648更敏感，当喷施的GA3浓度≥288 µmol•L-1时，CA648的株高能够达到或超过ZH11的株高；与株高易受生长调节剂的影响不同，CA648的多分蘖特性几乎不受长调节剂处理的影响，无论是否喷施生长调节剂，CA648的分蘖数均远远多于ZH11。【结论】与对照相比，CA648体内的GA1、GA4、IAA、Z、ZR含量及其IAA与Z+ZR的比值有利于矮秆多分蘖性状的形成，即植物激素含量与比例能够反映CA648的生理特性；生长调节剂对CA648的分蘖与株高具有不同调控效果，喷施GA3、IAA、Z和多效唑能够显著改变株高，但其多分蘖特性不受株高改变的影响。

关键词: 水稻 , 植物激素 , 矮秆多分蘖 , 突变体

Abstract: 【Objective】 The objective of study is to analyze the contents of different phytohormones at different developmental stages of a dwarf-multi-tiller rice mutant and its wild-type, and also compare the changes of morphological traits when treated by different plant growth substances. 【Method】 A T-DNA inserted dwarf-multi-tiller rice mutant (designed CA648) and its wild-type Zhonghua 11 (designed ZH11) were used as materials. HPLC was employed to analyze GA1, GA4, IAA, Z and ABA levels at different developmental stages (3rd leaf, 5th leaf, mid-tillering and booting stage), and compare the phytohormones content between CA648 and ZH11 in different organs (root, culm and leaf). In addition, endogenous IAA, Z and ZR were quantified at the booting stage in the different organs (root, stem, leaf and basal node) by using HPLC-MS/MS method, and the ratio of IAA to Z+ZR was used to compare between CA648 and ZH11. The changes of agronomic traits such as plant height and tiller numbers after the plants treated by spraying different plant growth substances (GA3, IAA, Z and paclobutrazol) were also examined.【Result】The trend of phytohormonal change between CA648 and ZH11 varied in different organs at different developmental stages. The content of GA1+4 in the culm and root of CA648 was higher than in ZH11, while there was no obvious difference in leaf at 3rd leaf stage, and the trend of GA1+4 content in culm (or stem) and root were raised but in leaf it was descended in ZH11 from 5th leaf to heading stage. However, a contrary trend was observed in CA648 for GA1+4 content in culm, root and leaf from 5th leaf to heading stage. IAA content showed no significant difference at 3rd leaf stage between CA648 and ZH11. A higher level of IAA in culm but a lower level in leaf sample of CA648 than ZH11 at the 5th leaf and mid-tillering stage were observed. At booting stage, the same part of root, stem or leaf had almost the same level of IAA, no matter the samples were from CA648 or ZH11. The level of Z was lower in CA648 than ZH11 in root or stem at 3rd leaf stage. At booting stage, CA648 had higher Z+ZR content in basal node or stem, but it had a lower level Z+ZR in leaf than that in ZH11. The ratio of IAA to Z+ZR in sample of leaf or stem from CA648 was greater than that of ZH11, but in sample of basal node or root had the contrary trend. ABA content in CA648 was higher at 3rd leaf and 5th leaf stages, but lower at booting stage than in ZH11. Results of spraying plant growth regulators showed that the plant height of CA648 is sensitive to exogenous GA3, IAA, Z or paclobutrazol but the multi-tiller characteristic were stable. In comparison with control (sprayed H2O), all treatments by application of exogenous GA3, IAA or Z could increase the plant height of CA648, and GA3 exhibited the highest sensitivity, followed by IAA and Z. But the plant height of CA648 and ZH11was decreased in case of paclobutrazol application. Although both CA648 and ZH11 plant height could be regulated by exogenous GA3 or paclobutrazol application, CA648 showed hypersensitive reactions to exogenous GA3. The plant height of CA648 could be rescued back to or even higher than ZH11 when 288 µmol•L-1 or higher level of GA3 was sprayed. It was different to plant height, the multi-tiller trait of CA648 was insensitive to exogenous plant growth substances, and it always produced more tillers than ZH11, being irrelevant to plant growth substance treatment. 【Conclusion】 The contents of GA1, GA4, IAA, Z, ZR and ratio of IAA to Z+ZR in CA648 are more beneficial than that of ZH11 to produce a dwarf-multi-tiller trait, therefore, the level of phytohormones contents and their ratio can reflect the physiological characteristics of CA648. Plant growth substances application caused different effects on plant height and tiller number. Spraying GA3, IAA, Z or paclobutrazol can change CA648’s height, while the multi-tiller trait is unaffected.

Key words: rice , phytohormone , dwarf-multi-tiller , mutant

刘清1, 童建华1, 史齐1, 彭克勤1, 王若仲1, 蔺万煌1, MohammedHumayunKabir1, 沈革志2, 萧浪涛1. 一个矮秆多分蘖水稻突变体的植物激素动态特性分析[J]. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(13): 2519-2528.

LIU Qing-1, TONG Jian-Hua-1, SHI Qi-1, PENG Ke-Qin-1, WANG Ruo-Zhong-1, LIN Wan-Huang-1, MohammedHumayunKabir1 , SHEN Ge-Zhi-2, XIAO Lang-Tao-1. Dynamic Changes of Phytohormones as Influenced by Different Plant Growth Substances in a Dwarf-Multi-Tiller Rice Mutant[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(13): 2519-2528.

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