山西谷子资源叶酸含量分析及评价

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.07.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】通过对山西谷子资源叶酸含量的测定与评价，了解谷子叶酸含量的变异及其与地理分布的关系，为谷子种质营养含量和育种提供依据。【方法】分别在谷子的研究基地长治、汾阳和太原采集目前山西育种和种植中常用品种245个，记录谷子颜色后于60℃下烘干，采用常规方法研磨脱壳去糠，记录米粒颜色后研磨米粒，全部过100目筛子，测定其叶酸含量。叶酸用磷酸二氢钾溶液恒温水浴浸提，加苯胺处理过的活性炭吸附，用3%氨—70%乙醇洗脱，采用高锰酸钾氧化—间接荧光法测定。【结果】①山西省245份不同品种谷子叶酸含量平均为1.53 μg•g-1。谷子叶酸含量数值服从正态分布且为左偏态，说明谷子叶酸含量较多集中在平均值偏高水平。②不同地区谷子叶酸含量不同。同一品种在汾阳种植其叶酸含量显著低于太原和长治。日均温、日照时数和相对湿度对叶酸含量影响不显著，降雨量则显著影响叶酸含量。③谷粒颜色对叶酸含量影响不显著，小米颜色差异显著影响叶酸含量，从高到低依次为：褐色、绿色、黄色、鲜黄、浅黄和白色米粒品种。【结论】山西省谷子资源的叶酸含量存在较为丰富的遗传变异，变异范围0.37—2.37 μg•g-1，变异系数为26.2%。不同生态区谷子叶酸含量存在明显差异，春播晚熟区的叶酸含量显著高于春播中熟区。降雨量显著影响谷子叶酸含量。小米颜色差异对叶酸含量有显著影响。在鉴定评价基础上，以样品叶酸含量的平均数及其标准差（ ±s）为分类依据，筛选了一批高叶酸的谷子种质资源总计24份，占参试材料的9.8%。目前山西省农业生产常用谷子品种晋谷21，其叶酸含量约为2.0 μg•g-1，属于高叶酸含量品种。

关键词: 山西 , 谷子 , 种质资源 , 生态型 , 米色 , 叶酸含量

Abstract: 【Objective】The contents of folic acid in foxtail millet originated from different regions in Shanxi was analyzed to evaluate the relationship between the variation of folic acid content and ecological distribution in Shanxi, and provide supports for identification of millet quality and breeding.【Method】Totally 245 traditional millet varieties for breeding and planting in Changzhi, Fenyang and Taiyuan were collected, respectively, to determine folic acid content by indirect fluorescent method. The millet seeds were dried at 60℃ after recording the hull colour, and peeled by grinding, and then the color seed grains were marked, and sieved through 100 meshes. Folic acid was extracted by potassium dihydrogen phosphate in waterbath. To obtain the optimum extraction effect, the active carbon adsorbent treated by aniline was added to extraction, the extracts were eluted continuously with a mixture containing 3% ammonia and 70% ethanol, and indirect fluorescent method was used to determine the fluorescence intensity of folic acid oxidized by potassium permanganate.【Result】 The average content of folic acid in millets from Shanxi was 1.53 μg•g-1. Folic acid content in millets exhibited a normal distribution characteristic with the left deviation, indicating that the contents of folic acid in millets were gathered at higher level relative to average. Folic acid content in different regions showed a significant difference. The same variety grown in Fenyang showed the lowest folic acid content compared to that in Taiyuan and Changzhi. Data showed that daily mean temperature, sunshine time and relative humidity had no significant effects on the folic acid content, the rainfall affected significantly the contents of folic acid. The seed colour had no significant impact on folic acid content, but the color of peeled millet grains remarkably affected the contents of folic acid. The millet grains with brown and green color had the highest contents of folic acid, and the grains with yellow, canary yellow, pale yellow and white color were decreased in turn.【Conclusion】It was concluded that folic acid content in foxtail millet germplasms exhibited wide genetic diversity, some foxtail millet varieties with higher folic acid content were identified, thus providing valuable material supports for breeding with high quality and germplasm innovation. The variation range was determined between 0.37 and 2.37 μg•g-1 and the variation coefficient r was 26.2%. Folic acid contents in different ecological regions displayed a significant difference, and the contents of folic acid in millets from late maturing areas were significantly higher than that in mid-maturing areas for spring sowing millets. The color of millet grain significantly affected folic acid content. In this study, total 24 foxtail millet varieties with higher folic acid content were identified, and they accounted for 9.8% of all the tested materials based on the content distribution of folic acid. Among them, Jingu 21, as a major leading cultivar in agricultural production, should be widely extended in Shanxi province, because it is a cultivated variety with higher folic acid content, and the folic acid content in millet variety Jingu 21 reaches 2 μg•g-1.

Key words: Shanxi province , millet , germplasm resource , ecology type , seed color , folic acid content

邵丽华, 王莉, 白文文, 刘雅娟. 山西谷子资源叶酸含量分析及评价[J]. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(7): 1265-1272.

SHAO Li-Hua, WANG Li, BAI Wen-Wen, LIU Ya-Juan. Evaluation and Analysis of Folic Acid Content in Millet from Different Ecological Regions in Shanxi Province[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(7): 1265-1272.

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