增施矿质营养对烟草青枯病的控病效果及其作用机理

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.06.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】研究增施Ca、Mo等矿质元素对烟草青枯病的控病效果及其对烟株体内防御酶系活性的影响，并探讨其作用机理；从控病效果、生理生化调控途径方面明确供试矿质元素中与控制烟草青枯病发生最相关的矿质营养。【方法】采用室内与田间验证相结合的方式，选择性地给烟草根外增施Ca、B、Mg、Mo 4种矿质营养，进行多重复小区试验；通过调查以叶面喷雾方式根外增施4种中微量元素后，烟草青枯病在室内和田间的发病情况，测定室内喷施4种元素后烟株体内防御酶系指标的变化、4种元素对青枯病菌（Ralstonia solanacearum）的直接抑菌作用以及处理后烟草田间各农艺性状指标的变化情况，统计分析比较不同元素对烟草青枯病的控病效果及对烟株体内防御酶的调控作用。【结果】室内试验结果表明，在保证烟株正常生长营养的基础上增施Ca、B、Mg、Mo 4种矿质元素对烟草青枯病均有一定的控病效果，Mo处理最好，其次为Ca处理，两者对烟草青枯病的发生均具有一定的推迟、延缓发病作用，病程进展曲线下面积（AUDPC）显著低于其余处理，分别比对照低300.00、244.44 (基于发病率) 和 380.56、352.78 (基于病情指数)。Mo、Ca处理对青枯病菌具有一定的直接抑制作用，处理24 h 后抑菌率最高，分别为35.93%、33.13%；对青枯病的室内最终控病效果分别为64.79%、57.67%；两处理均可显著提高感染青枯病烟株体内POD、CAT、SOD、PPO、PAL活性，分别比对照处理增加3.11、1.10、0.82、1.68、0.60倍和1.26、0.73、0.90、1.00、0.32倍；并可显著降低MDA的含量，分别降低0.50和0.26倍。田间试验结果表明，在烟草上增施Ca、B、Mg、Mo 4种矿质元素，对烟草青枯病均具有较好的控制作用，以Mo、Ca处理最好，两处理对青枯病的田间控病效果分别为49.46%—65.52%、46.80%—57.40% （2011 年）和45.28%—62.17%、42.91%—62.57% （2012 年）；此外，补充Mo、Ca矿质营养后烟草株高、最大叶宽、茎围、最大叶面积均显著高于对照处理，对田间烟草的健康生长具有明显的促进作用。【结论】烟株的营养状况与其抗病性密切相关，定期向烟株增施Mo、Ca营养可增强烟草对青枯病的防御能力并提高其抗青枯病的特性，对烟草青枯病具有明显的控病作用；这对植物病害-营养-控病模型的构建具有重要意义。

关键词: 钼素 , 钙素 , 矿质营养 , 烟草 , 青枯病 , 抗病性 , 控病效果 , 防御酶系

Abstract: 【Objective】 The objective of this study is to research the effect of four kinds of mineral nutrition (Ca, B, Mg and Mo) on tobacco bacterial wilt and defense enzyme activities, and discuss their mechanisms of action. Furthermore, from the perspective of control efficacy and physiological and biochemical regulation ways, finding out the crucial element related to control tobacco bacterial wilt closely.【Method】 A plot experiment was carried out repeatedly by means of greenhouse experiment combined with field test. Adding application of Ca, B, Mg and Mo nutrition for tobacco plant were individually with spraying. Subsequently, a comparison among control efficacies and defense enzymes activities of different treatments were carried out by investigating, detecting and analyzing the impact of different elements on occurrence of tobacco bacterial wilt, tobacco agronomical trait, direct inhibition and defense enzymes in tobacco plant.【Result】The greenhouse experiment results showed that, being on the basis of guaranteeing the basic nutrition, adding application of Ca, B, Mg and Mo all performed inhibition against tobacco bacterial wilt. However, the control efficacy of Mo treatment was significantly higher than others, followed by Ca nutrition, which were 64.79% and 57.67%, respectively. Besides, the areas under disease progress curve (AUDPC) of Mo and Ca treatments were significantly lower than others, which were 300.00, 244.44 (calculated with disease incidence) and 380.56, 352.78 (based on disease index) lower than control, respectively. Furthermore, there were direct inhibitions for Mo and Ca against Ralstonia solanacearum, the highest rate of which was 35.93% and 33.13% individually after treating 24 h. Additionally, Mo and Ca nutrition dramatically increased POD, CAT, SOD, PPO and PAL activities, and decreased MDA level in infected tobacco plant. Compared with the control treatment, which raised 3.11, 1.10, 0.82, 1.68 and 0.60 times, and 1.26, 0.73, 0.90, 1.00 and 0.32 times in turn, reduced 0.50 and 0.26 times, respectively. Moreover, the field experiments results showed that, supplying with Ca, B, Mg and Mo to tobacco plant, which were cultivated in tobacco-growing soil existing nutrition unbalance, tobacco bacterial wilt was controlled effectively. And the field control effects of Mo and Ca treatments were higher than any others, which were 49.46%-65.52%, 46.80%-57.40% (2011) and 45.28%-62.17%, 42.91%-62.57% (2012), respectively. What’s more, in terms of tobacco agronomical characteristics, Mo and Ca nutrition showed distinctly acceleration in the field, particularly plant height, width and area of maximum leaf and stem diameter.【Conclusion】The condition of tobacco nutrient level is closely related to its resistance. Replenishing tobacco with Mo and Ca nutrition regularly will benefit to enhance the defense ability of tobacco against bacterial wilt, and improve tobacco resistance to bacterial wilt. Besides, there is an obvious control effect against tobacco bacterial wilt. Furthermore, the above results would play an increasingly important role in the construction of nutrition-disease resistance model on plant diseases.

Key words: molybdenum , calcium , mineral nutrition , tobacco , bacterial wilt , resistance , control efficacy , defense enzymes

郑世燕, 丁伟, 杜根平, 杨亮, 刘晓姣, 张永强. 增施矿质营养对烟草青枯病的控病效果及其作用机理[J]. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(6): 1099-1110.

ZHENG Shi-Yan, DING Wei, DU Gen-Ping, YANG Liang, LIU Xiao-Jiao, ZHANG Yong-Qiang. Control Efficacy and Action Mechanism of Mineral Nutrition on Tobacco Bacterial Wilt[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(6): 1099-1110.

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