烟草壮苗指数模型研究

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2014.06.005

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】前人对作物壮苗的研究多集中在指标筛选上，而对于量化的壮苗指数模型的建立及验证研究涉及较少，特别是关于烟草壮苗指数模型的研究尚鲜见报道，烟草育苗实际生产中，亟需探讨与制定科学评价烟草壮苗的量化指标。本研究旨在探讨建立适合于中国烟草集约化育苗的壮苗指数模型，为烟草生产规范育苗和培育壮苗提供理论依据。【方法】依据传统的壮苗标准，遵循主导性、实际性和可操作性等原则，测定烟苗株高、茎围、地上部鲜重、地下部鲜重、根系活力、叶绿素、超氧化物歧化酶、可溶性蛋白等17项素质指标，采用模糊综合评判法计算烟苗素质综合评价指数，在此基础上将各单项烟苗素质指标与综合评价指数进行相关分析，筛选几种具有代表性的素质指标，组合两种不同类型的壮苗评价指标，即相对指标（2项单项素质指标比值）和复合指标（3项以上单项素质指标组合），并利用相关分析方法将烟苗素质综合评价指数与相对指标、复合指标等分别进行相关分析，筛选出具有代表性的壮苗评价指标，建立烟草壮苗指数模型，最后将壮苗指数模型与烟苗各项素质指标参照次数分布表的编制方法进行合理分组，绘制各素质指标与壮苗指标线性关系图，得出壮苗指数模型最佳取值范围。【结果】（1）烟苗素质综合评价指数为0.26—0.80，此范围可全面地概括烟苗的整体素质，能定量、客观地评价烟苗的质量，通过总分值频率曲线法，将烟苗素质分为四级，0.71—0.80为最优壮苗级别，0.62—0.70为壮苗级别，0.41—0.61为次壮苗级别，0.26—0.40为弱苗级别。（2）单项指标和相对指标信息有局限性，不能全面地描述烟苗的整体素质，而由多项素质指标组成的复合指标，稳定性好，代表性强，其中[(茎围/株高)×总鲜重×10]复合指标与综合评价指数呈极显著相关，可作为衡量烟苗素质的壮苗指数模型。（3）17项烟苗素质指标与壮苗评价指标[(茎围/株高)×总鲜重×10]的关系分析图表明，当[(茎围/株高)×总鲜重×10]为28.57—37.05时，烟苗健壮，根系发达，通过大田验证，[(茎围/株高)×总鲜重×10]为28.57—37.05内的烟株生长发育较快，田间生长势强，根系对土壤水分和营养物质的吸收较为活跃，光合作用力大，抗逆性强，烤后烟叶品质好、经济效益可观。【结论】壮苗指数模型[(茎围/株高)×总鲜重×10]能科学地衡量烟苗素质及其生长发育状况，全面地反映烟苗各项素质指标，简单实用、方便快捷。经大田验证，当数值为28.57—37.05时，各项烟苗素质指标达到最高值，烟苗移栽后还苗快且还苗率高，各生育时期烟株农艺性状和生理生化性状好，烟叶经济效益大、品质优。

关键词: 烟草 , 育苗 , 壮苗指数 , 模糊综合评判

Abstract: 【Objective】Researches made by the predecessors mainly focused on the indexes of crop seedling selection, less studies were carried out in quantification of seedling index model and validation, especially reports on the study of tobacco seedling index model are rare, so in practical production of tobacco seedling, exploration and development of scientific evaluations of quantitative indicators of tobacco seedling are badly needed. The establishment of a suitable vigorous seedling index model for tobacco intensive seedling in China was established to provide a theoretical basis for the normal raising seedlings and cultivating vigorous seedlings for tobacco production.【Method】Based on traditional vigorous seedling standards, following the principle of dominant, practice and operability, 17 seedling quality indexes including the plant height, stem circumference, above-ground fresh weight, underground part fresh weight, root activity, chlorophyll, and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined. Fuzzy comprehensive evaluation analysis was carried, and on the basis of this analysis, correlation analysis was made on each single tobacco quality indicator and the comprehensive evaluation index. Several representative quality indicators were screened, two different types of evaluation indexes were combined, namely the relative index (two single quality indexes ratio) and the composite index (3 or above 3 single quality indexes), and correlation analysis method was used to analyze the seedling quality comprehensive evaluation index and relative index, composite index, respectively, then the typical combination evaluation indexes were screened and the seedling index model was established. Finally, the seedling index model and tobacco quality index reference frequency distribution table were grouped in a reasonable manner to map each quality index and seedling index linear relationship, and the best value range of seedling index model was obtained.【Result】The range of comprehensive evaluation indexes of tobacco seedlings quality is 0.26-0.80. The range can roundly summarize tobacco seedlings quality, quantitatively and objectively evaluating the quality of tobacco seedlings. The tobacco seedling quality is divided into four levels through the total value of frequency curve method, the range of 0.71-0.80 is the optimal level for seedlings, that of 0.62-0.70 is for the sound seedlings, that of 0.41-0.61 is for the secondary seedlings, and that of 0.26-0.40 is for the weak seedlings. Relative index contains less information. Relative index can not roundly summarize tobacco seedlings quality. However, the composite index constituting multiple agronomic characters is stable, and can roundly summarize tobacco seedlings quality, and the correlation coefficient of (stem girth/plant height)×total fresh weight×10 composite index with comprehensive evaluation indexes is very significant, which can be used as the vigorous seedling index model for evaluating tobacco seedlings quality. The relationship analysis of 17 tobacco quality indexes and seedling evaluation index (stem girth/plant height)×total fresh weight×10 showed that when (stem girth/plant height)×total fresh weight×10 is in the range of 28.57-37.05, tobacco seedlings are strong, root develops well. Through field tests and verification, (stem girth/plant height)×total fresh weight×10 is 28.57-37.05, a range of rapid growth and development of tobacco plant, strong growth potential in the field, the root system is active for absorption of soil moisture and nutrients, the photosynthetic reaction is active, adverse resistance is strong, the flue-cured tobacco leaves quality is good, and the economic benefit is high.【Conclusion】The vigorous seedling indexes model (stem girth/plant height)×total fresh weight×10 can scientifically evaluate tobacco seedlings overall quality, comprehensively describe the tobacco seedling quality indexes. It is simple and convenient in application. Field experiments showed that when the numerical range takes 28.57-37.05, the tobacco seedlings quality indexes reached the maximum values, tobacco seedlings survive quickly and the survive rate was high after transplanting, the comprehensive quality of tobacco plants was good in the growth period, the flue-cured leaves have considerable economic values, and the chemical quality is good.

Key words: tobacco , seedling , vigorous seedling indexes , fuzzy comprehensive evaluation

白岩1, 2, 史万华1, 邢小军3, 王勇3, 靳义荣1, 2, 张良1, 2, 宋毓峰1, 2, 董连红1, 2, 刘好宝1. 烟草壮苗指数模型研究[J]. 中国农业科学, 2014, 47(6): 1086-1098.

BAI Yan-1, 2 , SHI Wan-Hua-1, XING Xiao-Jun-3, WANG Yong-3, JIN Yi-Rong-1, 2 , ZHANG Liang-1, 2 , SONG Yu-Feng-1, 2 , DONG Lian-Hong-1, 2 , LIU Hao-Bao-1. Study on Tobacco Vigorous Seedling Indexes Model[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2014, 47(6): 1086-1098.

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