枣抗裂果种质的筛选与评价

doi:10.3864/j.issn.0578-1752.2013.23.013

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 【目的】筛选评价出抗裂果种质，直接为枣的栽培生产与育种应用提供品种材料。【方法】通过连续5年对169个枣品种的果实裂果方式、裂果率、裂果程度比较，进行抗裂果评价；利用石蜡切片技术比较不同抗裂程度品种果皮及果肉内部显微结构的差异。【结果】综合裂口数量、裂口长度及裂口面积等因素，建立了枣裂果病情分级体系；通过4种裂果方式的统计分析，发现枣的裂果方式以纵裂为主；筛选出一批抗裂品种，如葫芦长红、官滩枣、河北龙须枣、茶壶枣、雪枣、尖枣、串铃枣、成武冬枣、中阳团枣、洪赵脆枣、棉絮枣、冷枣、晒枣、皖牛奶枣、南京大木枣和磨盘枣等；不同抗裂程度品种的果实结构差异明显，抗裂品种果皮的表皮层厚度均匀、细胞排列整齐紧密；随着抗裂果能力的下降，果实表皮层不均一程度加重，且细胞排列趋向散乱无序。【结论】筛选出一批抗裂果的枣品种，明确了抗裂果能力与枣果表皮细胞均一性和紧密程度正相关，而与果肉细胞致密程度无直接关系。

关键词: 枣 , 生理病害 , 裂果 , 种质筛选 , 评价

Abstract: 【Objective】Fruit cracking is the most serious physiological disease in the production of Chinese jujube, the objective of this study was to screen and evaluate the germplasms with high resistance to cracking. These germplasms would provide materials for planting and breeding of Chinese jujube directly.【Method】The cracking resistance of 169 cultivars were evaluated for 5 years by comparison of cracking type, cracking rate and degree of cracking extent. Then, the fruit microstructures of cultivars with different degrees of cracking resistance were compared by using paraffin slice. 【Result】The grading system of jujube fruit cracking was established according to the length and area of fruit cracking. Statistical analysis of four fruit cracking types showed that longitudinal crack was the main type. Some resistant cultivars, such as Huluchangzao, Guantanzao, Hebeilongxuzao, Chahuzao, Xuezao, Jianzao, Chuanlingzao, Chengwudongzao, Zhongyangtuanzao, Hongzhaocuizao, Mianxuzao, Lengzao, Shaizao, Wanniunaizao, Nanjingdamuzao and Mopanzao, were screened out. The fruit structures of cultivars with different cracking resistance degrees were significantly different. The peel epidermis layer of resistance cultivar is of uniform thickness, with cells closely arranged in neat rows. The weaker the resistance to fruit cracking, the unevener of the peel epidermis layer, and the more unordered the cells. 【Conclusion】 Several cultivars with high resistance to fruit cracking were found. The resistance to fruit cracking is positively correlated to the density and uniformity of fruit epidermal cells but not the density of pulp cells.

Key words: jujube , physiological disease , fruit cracking , germplasm screening , evaluation

苑赞1, 卢艳清1, 赵锦2, 刘孟军1. 枣抗裂果种质的筛选与评价[J]. 中国农业科学, 2013, 46(23): 4968-4976.

YUAN Zan-1, LU Yan-Qing-1, ZHAO Jin-2, LIU Meng-Jun-1. Screening and Evaluation of Germplasms with High Resistance to Fruit Cracking in Ziziphus jujuba Mill.[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 2013, 46(23): 4968-4976.

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